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Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXXVII.

EDITED BY

ewes o-S.-bethunc, Man... DG. LP ARS.C.

LONDON, ONTARIO.

EDITING COMMITTEE :

Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal; J. D. Evans,
Trenton ; Prof. Lochhead, Guelph ; G. E. Fisher,
Burlington ; and J. B. Williams, Toronto.

London, Cntario:
The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited

* 1QO5+

aa

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XXXVII.

J ATPSSUII DOT CA AS | 2 cae ort + DEOL GSI RDC ERD TIE GeE nee aa ane RocHESTER, MINN.
AS EMVTE AD VV nis In UA MiMELs, os, As, DISC fee. ese cae ce esas ee .Wasuincton, D. C.
FEY ILAD TERT OS “Det BS [8S Cee oil Soe Oe cae ie aco Locan, UTAH.
PAN SUV AUMUAUVTs Va eI ecis s cces cee are Slere vi ole crete bleu -eleisiviielsoeces « Decatur, IL.

BE EDUUN PATO Vs) Oa [ero nr@b be, Bdttor)) 7. .j.s 2c oa. ce neice oo LONDON, ONTARIO
Pepe Nu lel Pee AVe he ci cec kates c Par nets oe ee. dp ecw Colossus New York.

TEAM DICT Ze fen (C18 ILoIS yD) Se ees gen gins Arn ino pis ore soar eiorica IrHaca, N. Y.

PA MIMO. 1 a See ene eee Ei at ny eee Haiste New Haven, Conn.
BROMINE Ue ROBERT Big Ss Joes. coc ices ce tetera etegeecias Manixa, Puit, ISLANDS.
PURPA cee [ee Been EYE GAY SMOUGRU BY. 550s ie f:. Coad ares srese Leldls cteirtecs ales sale» New York.
TESS WAU GUIRS NSE cos anos SEM OnEe DOgnIE a ane OES aap aaciortcriss Wasuincton, D. C.

~ COINS TON UINY WAT Ree as 0.7 0 NS eee nn. cniocirceeracen Sr. Louris, Mo.

(EUR DIET IL dss Sia Ss yen el eM Tee ecient ar WaAsuHINGTON, D. C.
SURLY GION MEW RY AQ 4 Dy Se aE Breen BAL ort onacoacoceonec . MONTREAL.

OGRE RBG Ee ROB be Dr Ars i nedtren had ahdien tient nove tae eb BouLpErR, Coro.
GLA aM VE ree nists vere eands poke siealic/sumeb nee sle es sled dy ok KAsto, 5B. GC:

eGo caren | OVEMING Elis ter tiara. tice, Cag to a siete oine's clo/moameetaay= ce ALBANS! Nas
BOOUTEL EDD, De Wioi ice cece las hen nce ole seasonal ns was Wasuincton, D. C.
TEAC VIEORC Dele Gaye, [Rhone te cisics aca aleteinleth sie) antares: Sjeps nis alae Clots Datvas, TEXAS.

INO MEV Vike Se een eerie den. Geta ima atavartonte caw ay eat atime quar CotumeraA, Mo.
Macias VVeeAL Noe te cece ee were eee in Aad wislets cares sais enesetn azarae eras New Bricuton, N. Y.
TONE Eis WWM Yet, 2 yet on oe ciate eaeaal etch ins eo LAR VILE, pATBERTAS
ADAGH EEEDAIRRISON: Gee Die Sih Sei Me np astesreatidere ciate argos WasuHincton, D. C.
[DO ELE iy LS DIO gee BSR COCR DER Or or Perec h uity Catan h Or Oak STATION, PENN.
TESS COE gl Be ee Ie aOR acon Oe coer ¢.. s.+.eTRENTON, ONT.
PATE Tus TRE GES No ie ee ae RS Sia Reh Sennen pee PASADENA, CALIF.
EDEN PROB: Go-His oo eds Pov os shin ene ene fae AMBLERSI WEASS.
PLEVEN ER, TES TDR En eens aed I Be Seen nets me acre BURLINGTON, ONT.
MAE RUCENP SMUD RCs PAILS 8 one vides: tiers cn aie bib atelejere, eretoe pareye eteipila OTTAWA.

(FETE CTRL TERE O) Oat Coil & en eA See ee eae ses io cropel CARBONDALE, ILL.

Re URERTIAD PMP ANN FTE UK ER 0 5 fs scvw sco « ose lets 0 ove nadie Sree oot cnmtamenCeemre AG Orrawa.

CBOE ETE 8 WEN 2OSY OI 0 Ds nt PS REIS Oe Es hor Wasuincton, D. C.

Re aa EET lee et et ale 2 Chccsiy civ viicieln/ ale scaibis Varo, » woe fone eampriae KINGSTON, JAMAICA.
GROSSBECK, JOHN. A.... 20.250: enidiiteecn'e® ON wage Ree eS Patterson, N. J.
HEVAETEIS), The NRG il s (0 en nem eet Den ec Dane Str. Louts, Mo.

POR UMIEIOED ELIOT LOIN c ae > oie cba) oe este cele dat cine Palmela CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
CEA RCTON4 15 De 9D) a Ee Senin aCe enna Acre: Montcrair, N. J.
TELE “EGS SS OF aia NOS ets Cig IO exe e cnn ee oceanic race METLAKATLA, B. C.

SEPME Re aT MIMESY VOR Cores WV bots ot cs oe cia /claicine sc ofee'sa's: 50.0.0 « d-dj0.c8ermtarnion Melon Me Honotutu, Hawauan Ist.
CALS & TEAR 5D) 5] tel CO] ae a ee IR Orrin a OODO Gao Dor ci Urpana, IL.
LANA SAVES ee ice hee dared Pada ee eeleds bbb les heeera sees McPuerson, Kansas.
PEGA DNR et a ela donc ly St claudiereys ots a iavel isle Rd Me eyelalere Boies vo ake nua’ Str. Paut, Minn.
BOC HH DAD PROPS Wi Ws Alc, a. clieoe sbincivnles np seas aelre> GuELPH. OnrT.

MOVE LE Ors Erte ctasitionach os see lb oes s oe nici ater ee Wa.posoro, Maine.
PU DLO Ws MISS Cri Srq Wat Oe ict vic ok caitieirsr. cas vale awa os Wasuincton, D. C.
TWANG ERIN Five My CAR torre atta dc ia ne & vis sa dieletine ota ae ere MONTREAL.
MITCHEET MISSILE, Gore Atanas iis wit ee tc s hsm pees sg ae Wasuinoton, D. C.
MURTFELD iss MARY. Bieta. cc vacate le saddens Vie ies KirKwoop, Mo.
PEARSA Eis resets Sinis oe nn ainceatalt hypittels Gre Pace ph Pie ces .BROOKLYN, N. Y.
ROBERTSON: CHARIS 5. . a ctawiatineennls 9 tet ol. usa ¢ .CARLINVILLE, ILL.
SA UNDE Rp eM es a tla ticity hdae visti) sleelss enw onbi.e® TORONTO.
SELEER TOs La sles ae eels sco sles irre anh as vee et Uoiiecl gs > New York.
SMITH: PROPS TOEUIN Excacnriiey s 1 5 vette Dos ole nen. coer frie. as New Brunswick, N. J.
SUE IN Ree OW Ra Nie td ice bo aie stealer iets 6 0.09 on he reid LINCOLN, NEBRASKA,
TAM EO Rem PAV ee WV irda cies thie teeter Ryn Fa les ofh/ated BuceNealets WELLINGTON, B. C.
THEOBALD) BRED. vidas ris sose ales vet pun or tcege os vas bONDON. ENGLAND;
Mihi Uy al ois ORL C deere Race ane ORME CR, cok IE ORT OO et 1 < .Wasuincton, D. C.
UTIICRG I Davy Lr ae rae Cat View Pre oR bible oN ashy poke nets New Haven, Conn.
NYA: Rate los slilbys NES isa A cae: Roe tis eARO ILA ce tokeRee cuailmpis TORONTO.

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WUC Rea Mire RO Bin UM te a ree Wine 8 steer ins Lumbini eee nc al he Iowa City, Iowa,

WINN Bg vcloeas Pin re ees ee SV Er ees bake save Las yee tery ee MONTREAL,

AN. ENT.,. VOL. XAXAVIT PLATE

WILLIAM LOCHHEAD, B A., M. SC.

-ROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, ONTARIO. AGR’L COLLEGE, GUELPH.
PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 1902-4.

The € anautiay ¥ntomalogist

Vou. XXXVIL LONDON, JANUARY, 1905. No. 1

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. I.
THE PEAR-TREE PSYLLA AND How To DEAL wITH IT.

BY GEORGE E. FISHER, BURLINGTON, ONT.

[At the last Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society it was decided that
a series of articles should be published monthly in this magazine of a popular or
practical character, in order that in each issue there should be something of
interest to the general reader in addition to the papers of a technical and purely
scientific character. It is intended that the series shall cover a wide range, and
include articles which will be useful to beginners in entomology, and also to the
fruit-grower, farmer and gardener, as well as to the many students and teachers
who are now interested in Nature-study. The following article is by Mr. Fisher,
who was for several yeats Inspector of Scale-insects for the Province of Ontario,
and who has a practical and intimate knowledge of many injurious insects, and
of the most effective methods of dealing with them.-—Ep. C. E.|

Several instances of disastrous and even fatal effects to valuable pear
orchards from being attacked by the Psylla have come under my observa-

tion, as well as entirely satisfactory results from treating the trees.

_ The life-history and habits of injurious insects must be accurately
determined before we can know just how to deal with them. A knowledge
of the habits of such insects will also often enable the farmer to so manage
his land and crops that the insects are placed under unfavourable and even
destructive conditions.

The Psylla winters in the full-grown or perfect state, a minute
brick-red fly, about one-eighth of an inch in length. From the broad
head the body tapers to a point at the caudal extremity. There are two
pairs of large transparent wings, which when closed cover the body.
The thighs are abnormally developed, which enables it to jump a long
way ; hence the name “ Pear-tree Flea-louse.” In form this insect is the
counterpart of the Dog-day Harvest fly (Cicada) in miniature (Fig. 1).

2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

During the winter it secures shelter in the crevices of the bark on the trunks
and large limbs of the trees, in nearby
rubbish, or wherever it can find pro-
tection; hence the advantage of clean
culture, in which case it will be con-
fined to the trees. The small lemon-
coloured eggs are laid about the mid-
dle of April, and hatch about the
middle of May, according to weather

ox ; Fic. 1.—The Pear-tree Psylla—greatly
conditions (Figure 2). There are magnified.

probably four broods in a season. When the nymphs appear, if there
be no foliage, they make their way into the opening buds. They secrete

large quantities of honey dew, which
frequently drips from the leaves, and
gets over the whole of the tree and
fruit, in which a black fungus de-
velops,

There is difficulty in treating the
Psylla during the summer. Except
immediately following a heavy rain,
the nymphs are usually so com- ©
pletely enveloped with honey dew
that spray will not reach them, and

= Psylla—a egg, 3 ee : :
a Se gyn eee the mature insects are so active

2 J <
(Marlatt, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.) that when spray strikes a tree they

instantly fly away, and do not return until the spraying is discontinued.

An ounce of crude petroleum in the proportion of r in 16 (1 gal. of
petroleum in 16 gals. of emulsion), has in my experience proved the most
satisfactory in case a treatment must be given in summer, but I would
depend upon a very thorough application of lime and sulphur (lime 30
lbs., sulphur 20 lbs., in 4o gals. of wash, cooked two hours), made in
March, to wipe out the pest. At this season there are no eggs. The
overwintered adults are very sluggish, not at all like those of the summer
broods, and these alone are present. If the wash be driven well into all
of the cracks of the bark the destruction of the insects will be complete.

Lime alone will destroy Psylla perhaps as completely as with sulphur
added, and will go a Jong way in cleaning off the black fungus, but lime
alone will not destroy scale insects, and these are invariably present.
Whether it be lime, or lime and sulphur that is used, the wash must be
liberally applied, for it will not diffuse, but remains where it avaRee the
tree, and if the Psylla is to be killed it must be hit,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3

NEW HYMENOPTERA FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M.A., D. SC., WASHINGTON, D. C.

The good work on the Hymenopterous fauna of the Philippine
Islands, begun by Father W. A. Stanton, S. J., is being continued by
Father Robert E. Brown, S. J., and I have now the pleasure of describing
below ¢#wo new genera and fwe/ve new species captured by him in the
Observatory Garden at Manila.

Family XXVIII.—Vespip&. Icaria, Saussure.

_ lcaria Cayayanensis, new species.—?. Length, 6.6 to 7 mm.
4eneral colour brown, marked with yellow and black. The inner orbits
from the sinus of the eyes downwards, the clypeus, except a bowl-shaped
black spots on its disk, the cheeks, a line along tlie hind orbits, the scape
of the antennz, its pedicel beneath, and the first two joints of the
flageilum beneath, the mandibles, except a spot at base and the teeth
which are black, the upper part of the pronotum dilated laterally towards
the hind angles, a rounded spot on the mesopleura beneath the tegul,
the tegulz, a spot at the base of the insertion of the hind wings, a broad
longitudinal band on the metathorax extending on each side to the inser-
tion of the hind coxe and separated by a triangular black spot in the
central depression, two lines on the mesonotum, two large quadrate spots
at the base of the scutellum, two spots at the base of the postscutellum,
most of the coxz, except a black spot at the extreme base and on their
posterior face, all femora, except the blackish stripes beneath and behind,
the tibize, except the apices of the middle tibie and a large brownish-black
blotch towards the apex of the hind tibiz, all tarsi, the apical margin of
the first, second and third abdominal segments and large oval spots at the
base of the second dorsal segment, are yellow; the suture at the base of
the clypeus, a spot back of the insertion of the antennze, the flagellum, the
ocelli, the occiput, the front face of the prothorax, broad bands on each
side of the mesonotum, the mesopleura, the metapleura and the abdomen,
except as already noted, are black. The wings are hyaline, but with a
fuscous spot occupying the apical half, or more, of the marginal cell ; the
stigma is brownish-yellow, the veins being brown-black or black.

Type.—No. 8126. U.S. N. M.
Maniia (Father Brown). I have this species from other places.
Family LIV.—Driaprip#&. Diapria, Latreille.
Diapria Philippinensis, new species.— g. Length, 1.5 mm.
Polished black, shining and impunctate, the scutellum with a_ large
January, 1905.

4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. .

depression across the base, the metanotum with a triangular carina at its
basal middle. the legs honey-yellow, the posterior pair with a reddish tinge,
the collar, the metapleura and the petiole of the abdomen clothed with a
whitish pubescence ; the antennz are 14-jointed, much longer than the
whole insect, the scape and pedicel being testaceous, the flagellum being
black, with the joints long, nodose-pedicellate and with whorls of long hair ;
the wings are subhyaline, ciliated, the marginal fringe long.

Type.—No. 8127, U. S.N. M.

Manila. Twospecimens received from Father Brown. This is the
first species in this family to be recorded from the Philippines. The wings
may be c/ear hyaline, as the specimens were in alcohol, and the slight
dusky appearance of the specimens may be due to dust.

Family LVIII.—Ficirip2.
Subfamily Eucoiline, Hexamerocera, Kieffer.

Hlexamerocera Philippinensis, new species.— 2. Length, o.9 mm.
Polished black and shining, impunctate, the mandibles testaceous, the
legs, including the cox, wholly brownish-yellow ; the antenne are 13-
jointed, with the six last joints enlarged, oval, brownish, the scape and
pedicel being reddish, the basal joints of the funicle being more yellowish;
the first joint of the funicle is about thrice as long as thick, those beyond
small, moniliform, but slightly increasing in size to the club, the scutellum
at the sides and the metathorax are finely rugulose; the cup of the
scutellum is oval, with a few punctures on its disk ; the abdomen has a
thick hairy girdle at its base. Wings hyaline, ciliated, the veins yellowish,
the marginal cell closed.

Type.—No. 8128, U. S. N. M.

Manila. Described from a single specimen received from Father
Brown. This is the first Eucoiline to be discovered in the Philippines.

Family LXVIL—Encyrtip®. Ooencyrtus, Ashmead.

Ooencyrtus papilionis, new species.—@. Length, o.7 mm. Head
and thorax eneous black, the head in front with a bluish tinge, the
abdomen testaceous, the antennz and the legs, including all coxe, pale
yellowish. ‘The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish, the marginal vein
punctiform, the stigmal vein short, ending in a minute, rounded knob.
The flagellum is subclavate, thickened towards apex, the first three or four
joints a little longer than thick.

é.—Length,o6 mm. Differs in having the head and thorax dark
blue, the eyes very large, whitish, the abdomen smaller and triangular in

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9)

outline, testaceous, but with the lateral margins and the tip brownish ;
the flagellum is nearly filiform, finely pubescent, with the joints shorter
than in female.

Type.—No. 8125, U. S. N. M.

Manila. Described from 2 9s and t g, bred by Father Brown
from the eggs of a butterfly, Pap/io, sp.

APTERENCYRTUS, new genus.

This new genus is proposed for a minute wingless ? Encyrtine,
quite characteristic, and easily characterized. It falls into my tribe
Mirini, and may be placed in my table of genera, Classification of the
Chalcidoidea, p. 301, No. 25, between Coccophoctonus and Phenodiscus.

25. Wingless forms.

Antenne inserted close to the mouth, the scrobes distinct, the
scape slender, the flagellum clavate, the funicle joints minute,
widening towards the club, not longer than wide,:the three last
joints wider than long, the club enlarged; scuteltum with a small
tuft of bristles towards apex...... Apterencyrtus, Ashm., g. n.

Apterencyrtus pulchricornis, new species.— 9. Length, 0.6 mm.
Head dark blue, smooth, impunctate, the eyes whitish, converging slightly
anteriorly ; thorax zneous black, the mesonotum clothed with sparse,
silvery-white hairs, the scutellum shagreened, with a small tuft of black
bristles, the hind angles of the metathorax acute, the abdomen smooth,
black, but with an zneous tinge in certain lights; antennez tricoloured,
the scape and pedicel beneath, and the funicle snow-white, the scape above
towards apex and the pedicle above brown, the club black ; the front and
middle legs are snow-white, but the middle femora just before apex and
the middle tibie near the base have a narrow brown annulus ; the hind
cox, and apical two-thirds of the hind femora are metallic brown-black,
while the trochanters, base of femora and rest of the legs are snow-white.

Type.—No. 8120, U.S. N. M.

Manila. (Father Brown.)

Family LXXI.—EvuLopuip.
Subfamily II1I.—Tetrastichine. Tetrastichoides, Ashmead.
Tetrastichoides Manilensis, new species —Q. Length, 1 mm. Head
and thorax blue-black, impunctate, the axille and the abdomen neous
black ; the scape of the antennz and the legs, except the cox and the
basal two-thirds of the hind legs, which are seneous black, are yellowish-
white, the flagellum is brown-black, subclavate, finely pubescent, the

6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

funicle joints increasing in size, the last being a little more than twice as
long as thick.

Type.—No. 8129, U.S. N. M.

Manila. Two specimens taken by Father Brown.

Family LXXVI.—IcHNEUMONIDA.
Subfamily V.—Ophionine.
Tribe V.—Campoplegini. Charops, Holmgren.

Charops papilionis, new species — g._ Length, 10.5 mm. Opaque
black, closely punctured; the apex of the first and second dorsal
abdominal segments, and the following are entirely ferruginous ; the first
two jgints of the antennz, except a blotch above, tre mandibles except
the teeth, the tegule, the palpi, the front and middle trochanters, the
apical joint of the hind trochanters, the extreme apex of the front femora, |
the front and middle tibize and tarsi except the last joint, are ivory-white;
the hind legs, except as noted, are black, the hind tibie, except towards
apex and at extreme base, where they are black, are ferruginous, the apical
joint of the hind trochanters being ivory-white. Wings hyaline, with the
lanceolate stigma and the veins, except the costal vein at base, which is
white, black. = ae

Type.—No. 8142, U. S.N. M.

Manila. Described from a single specimen bred by Father Brown
from a chrysalis of Papilio agamemnon. ‘This species shows some
affinity with Charops erythrogaster, Ashm., described from Ceylon, but it
is much larger and quite differently coloured.

Family LXXVII.—ALysupD&. :
Subfamily II].—Alysiinee. Aclisis, Forster.

Aclisis pleuralis, new species.— 9. Length, 1.8 mm. Brownish-
yellow, with,dark purplish-brown eyes, the flagellum black, with several of
the apical joints snow-white, the meso- and metapleura, and the abdomen
above, except the first segment, black ; the legs are pale yellow, but with
the front trochanters, the middle legs entirely and the hind coxe, hind
femora and base of hind tibize, ivory-white. Wings hyaline, pubescent,
the veins light brownish.

Type.—No. 8130, U.S. N. M. .

Manila. This is the first species in this family to be recorded from
the Philippine Islands, and was captured by Father Brown in the
Observatory Garden. ‘

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a

Family LXXVIII.— Braconip&.
Subfamily VIII.—Sigalphine. Fornicia, Brullé.

fornicia annulipes, new species.— g. Length, 4.5 mm. Black, the
thorax punctured, the mesonotum with a distinct median carina, and with
a smooth, almost impunctate, space on each side of the carina posteriorly,
and again near the insertion of the wings; the scutellum, the mesopleura,
and the metathorax are more coarsely punctured or rugulose ; the very
short pronotum is acutely toothed at each anterior angle ; the abdomen
has only three visible segments and is coarsely longitudinally rugulose, the
first segment with a distinct median carina its entire length, the last
segment at apex medially excised, with its margin rimmed. The head is
small, transverse, hardly two-thirds the width of the thorax, and is smooth
and shining; the pubescent eyes are whitish; the ocelli are pale, and
arranged on a slight curved line; the palpi, except the first two joints,
_the front knees, tibiz and tarsi, the tips of the middle tibiz,
and the base of the tarsi, more or less, are _ honey-yellow ;
the tibial spurs are white, while the middle and hind tibiz have a
broad white annulus at base; rest of the legs mostly black. Wings
hyaline, faintly dusky towards apex, the stigma and veins brown-black.
~ _Type.—No. 8121, U. S. N. M.

Manila. (Father Brown.)

Subfamily XV.—BRACONIN».
Tribe I1f.—Euurobraconini.
Brownius, new genus.

This interesting new genus is named in honour of Father Robert E.
Brown, S. J., to whom I am indebted for several sendings of Philippine
Hymenoptera, among which were many new species in families and
genera not before known to occur in the Archipelago.

Probably most Hymenopterists would have described this Braconid
in Brullé’s genus Sf/naria, as I find some of the described Spinarie
really belong to Brownius. This new genus, however, falls into my tribe
Euurobraconini, while Spinaria, Brullé, as [ shall restrict it, will fall into
the tribe Braconini.

- Brownius has the venation much as in the genus Gracon, except that
the submedian cell-is much longer than the median ; the recurrent nervure
is received by the first cubital cell very near its apex; the second cubital

cell is longer than wide, but shorter than the first or the third; the head
is obtrapezoidal with the occiput and temples immargined ; the prothorax
is bidentate anteriorly and armed aboye with a long acute, erect spine on

8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

its disk posteriorly ; the upper hind angles of the metathorax are obtusely
toothed ; the abdomen ts coarsely, somewhat longitudinally, rugulose and
has five distinct segments, the fifth segment being triangular and terminat-
ing in a sharp median tooth, the dorsal segments three and four, with the
lateral hind angles produced into a sharp tooth, while the fourth has also
a shorter tooth on the middle of its hind margin.

Brownius armatus, new species.—@. Length, 9 mm.; ovipositor
very short, hardly projecting beyond the tip of the abdomen. Pale
brownish-yellow, the eyes brown, the antenne, the hind legs, the dorsum
of dorsal abdominal segments 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the wings, except a
yellow band at base, black ; rest of abdomen pale or whitish.

Type.—No. 8123.

Manila. (Father Brown.) ‘

Spinarta curvispina, Cameron, described from Borneo, and Spinearia
Jeucomaelaena, Westwood, described from Siam, judging from the descrip-
tions, probably fall into this genus. The true Spzmari@ have ‘the median
and submedian cells of an egua/ length.

Subfamily XVI.—RuocapDIN&.
Tribe V.—Hecabolini. Hecabolus, Curtis.

Hecabolus rubrocinctus, new species.— ¢. Length, 0.8 mm. Black
and shining, with the second abdominal segment reddish-yellow, the
antenne and the legs ivory-white, the eyes brown, the wings hyaline, the
stigma and veins pale yellowish, the stigma of the hind wings large and

brown-black.

Type.—No. 8131, U.S. N. M.

Manila. (Father Brown.)

Flecabolus ruficeps, new species.— 9. Length, 2.5 mm.; ovipositor
about the length of the body. Head reddish yellow, with brown eyes,
the antenne, except the first two joints, the thorax, and most of the
abdomen, except as hereafter noted, black; the legs and the apical
margins of dorsal segments 3, 4 and 5, and all of the 6th and 7th seg-
ments, are honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown-
black, the tegule yellowish. ‘The antennez are very long and slender,
much longer than the whole insect; the quadrate head is smooth and
shining, impunctate ; the thorax is long, feebly shagreened, opaque, except
the metathorax, which is shining and finely, sparsely punctate, with a
distinct median carina at its basal half ; the abdomen is elongate fusiform,
the first, second and third segments, and the following more or less
basally, are opaquely shagreened, the first being finely rugulose.

Type.—No. 8122, U. S. N. M.

Manila. (Father Brown.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9

NEW TORTRICIDS.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

The only apology for publishing the following descriptions at this
time, is that the names have been made use of in identifying specimens
for Messrs. Saunders, Winn and Young, and that “MSS” species are the
béte noire of entomology—effectually locking up a species indefinitely, and
prohibiting any one from referring to it in any way, no matter how
common it may be or how interesting a life-history someone else may
have worked out.

Tortrix semipurpurana, var. nov.—Head, palpi, thorax, antenne
and front wings pale lemon-yellow. A large purplish-brown spot rests on
the dorsal margin and covers all of the wing, except a narrow line along
costa, a small basal patch and a submarginal and apical band of yellow,
these are all confluent, forming a wide inverted U, transversely through
the dark blotch are two shining steel-gray fascia, which are continued
through the yellow costal margin, as shining ye//ow scales. In the yellow
space before the apex is also a short fascia of shining yellow scales,
touching the costa. Cilia pale yellow.

Hind wing: Light purplish-fuscous, pale yellow at apex. Under
side : front wing, yellowish-white, with upper dark blotch repeated by a
shade of pale purple. Under side : hind wing, same as upper side.

Abdomen and legs very pale yellow, with a fuscous spot on upper
side of segments to and 11.

Five ~, twelve 9. Bred, Montclair, N. J., oak, VI., 9 ; Cincinnati,
Ohio, VI., 4 to 15, Miss Annette F. Braun ; New Brighton, Pa., VI., 16
to 24, Frank A. Merrick ; Chicago, IIl., June, Jos. H. Reading ; Quincy,
Iil., June, O. C. Poling ; Toronto, Ont., June, H. S. Saunders.

The male specimens are of a paler purple than the female; in some
examples of both sexes the purple area nearly or quite touches the costa
at inner and outer third, thus enclosing a small middle costal yellow spot,

This dark form has been included in my collection with a/é‘comana,
Clem., and while I have not had sufficient experience in breeding to justify
entire separation, the constant difference certainly warrants a varietal
name.

Co-types, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8211, and my collection.

Eulia pinatubana, sp. nov.—Head, palpi, thorax above and upper
side of fore wings, yellowish-red, Thoracic tuft, basal patch, oblique and

January, 1905.

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS1.

apical bands dark rust-red. The space between the basal patch and
central oblique band is narrow, scarcely lighter than the basal patch, and
indicated by a lighter edging on each side of the space which begins at the
basal third of the costa and extends obliquely across the wing to the
middle of the hinder margin. The space beyond the central band is
similar to the iast, beginning near the outer third of the costa and extend-
ing obliquely across the wing to the anal angle. The outer margin in
some specimens is of the same colour as the interspaces, and the costa is
more or less flecked with light yellow. Fringe yellowish, with grayish
scales at the anal angle. Hind wing and abdomen above, silky gray or
slate colour; under side and fringes lighter. Under side of fore wing light
fuscous, lighter yellowish diffused spots along the costa and outer border.
Under side of abdomen and thorax light straw yellow, as are also the
legs. Fore and middle legs annulated with brown. Expanse 13. to 14.
mm. .

The above description is copied from p. 793, Fifth Report of the U.S.
Entomological Commission, 18go, and applies to the Tortricid, the larve
of which live on white pine, binding eight to twelve “needles” together
and living in the tube thus formed. Specimens of the moth had been
indentified by Zeller as the European fo/itana, Haw., and our species has
rested under this name ever since. I have lately secured a good series of
politana from Europe, and after a critical comparison have no hesitation
in separating, especially as the European species does not live in pine, but
very dissimilar plants. A very complete life-history of our American
species in given is the report referred to above ; I have also bred it from
larve with identical habits in Essex County, N. J., orher specimens, of
which I have about forty, Winchenden, Mass., V. 26 to VI. 3, Frank A,
Merrick ; Watchung Mts., N. J., IV. 29 to V. 8; and Toronto, Ont.,—
V. 21, Henry S. Saunders.

Co-types, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8212, and my collection.

Phalonia Winniana, sp. nov.—Palpi, basal and second joint
ochreous-brown, Jong scales of latter white on outer half, and almost
hiding third joint, which’ is very short and pale brown; palpi curved
upwards, tip nearly at level of top of head. Head and collar creamy-
white. ° Eyes large, round, black. Antenne one-third length front wing,
shortly ciliated beneath ; fuscous, slightly paler between joints.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. til

Thorax fuscois. Front wing: A broad transverse ochreous-white
band in outer third, followed by a narrower fuscous subapical band, inner
two-thirds fuscous and gray-brown. Basal patch not defined, the
brownish-fuscous colour covering inner two-thirds, interrupted on dorsal
margin by a geminate creamy-while spot, and the costa marked by paler

and darker spots. The outer edge of dark area is’ nearly vertical, it is ”
sharply indented at middle. The white outer band is narrowest on costa,
broadening out a quarter below, and involving anal angle and usual
position of ocellic spot, which is obsolete. It is white on costa, becoming
- ochreous towards outer and dorsal margins. ‘Two small fuscous dots
mark costa within this white area and two black dots on median line at
end of cell. From costa, beyond white fascia, is an olivaceous band,
darkest on edges, curving evenly before apex and terminating in a point
just above anal angle on outer margin. ‘This is bounded outwardly by a
narrow whitish line, beyond a darker—blackish—line, broadest on costa.
The apex and apical cilia fuscous, cilia below apex gradually becoming
creamy-ochreous. Hind wings whitish in ¢, dark fuscous in ?, cilia and
under side the same, but a shade darker. Under side front wing: smoky
fuscous, mottled with darker and with five creamy-white costal spots on
outer half. Abdomen: grayish fuscous, anal tuft ochreous, legs creamy
white.

One ¢, expanse 10.5 mm., Essex Co. Park, N. J., V., 20. Two 9,
expanse 12.5. mm., Montclair, N. J., VII., 18 (Light-trap), and Orford,
Quebec, VI.,8 (Albert F. Winn). Co-type, U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 8213,
and my collection.

I have had two of these specimens in my collection for several years,
labelled dubitana,/Hbn., but the recent ‘accession of several European
specimens of the latter showed conclusive differences; dubitana is creamy-
white over the entire surface of fore wing, except a fuscous-brown middle
oblique dorsal patch, a smaller costal spot above it, a narrow apical and
outer margin line and a small basal patch. I have yet to see an American
insect that compares with duditana, and have no doubt that this name,
with the majority of other European names in our list, will be dropped
when the whole family is better known.

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. Albert F. Winn, of
Westmount, Quebec,

1 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON HYDROMETRA MARTINI, KIRK. (=LINEATA,
SAY),
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
Genus Hyprometra, Latreille et auctt. (= Limnobates, Burmeister
et auctt.) H. Martini, Kirkaldy, 19co (=lineata, Say, 1832.)

The peculiar facility of the older entomologists, the fathers of the
Science, for discarding each other’s generic and specific names has in this
instance, as in many others, given rise to a complicated synonymy, of
which I give above that covering this extremely interesting little water-
strider. It is given more in detail in The Entomologist (London, Eng.)
for June, 1900, on page 176, in which Kirkaldy elucidates it, relegating
Say’s specific name to synonymy, as it unfortunately has been preoccupied
by Eschscholtz, who in 1822 described Hydrometra lineata from Manila,
Philippine Islands. In the paper mentioned hereafter, Mr. J. O. Martin
discusses the generic synonymy. ;

‘In March, 1900, pp. 70-76, "THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
published “A Study of Hydrometra lineata,” by the last named author, a
most interesting paper on the habits and peculiarities of this Hemipteron.
The notes I now present are largely supplementary and confirmatory of
his work, although I may say that my labours were not directed to that
end. In May of 1903, Mr. W. T. Davis took me to Staten Isiand, where,
in a marshy pond, we found Aydrometra Martini by the hundred. We
took them until we got tired. Again in May of this year, we took very
many more at the same place. Subsequently, I have found them here and
there, in ones and twos, or in greater numbers, without any effort, which
bears out Mr. Martin’s experience, although I have nowhere found them
as abundant as at Staten Island. This little bug prefers to hug the shore,
hiding among the grass-stems growing out of the water. One’s shadow
falling on it seems to disturb them, and they emerge from their hiding
places, and these seemingly tiny twigs can be seen moving briskly away,
borne on their hair-like legs, with which they xz on the surface, or else
they remain motionless, letting some friendly little breeze waft them

away. It is to be noticed that Hydrometra walks on the surface of the
water and does not propel itself by a rowing motion, as do the Gerridae
and other Water-striders. Its tarsi also are provided with claws terminal
and not set above the tip of the last tarsal joint as in the latter family.
The winged form of //ydrometra Martini must be very rare in the north,
as out of about two or three hundred individuals I have seen, I have
found only two fully winged males.

January, 1905,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13

Hydrometra has a very curious habit that I have frequently noticed.
It lowers its body by bending the legs, until it touches the surface, and
there it lies, as it were, taking its ease. I have also noticed aquarium
specimens putting out their hair-like rostra and penetrating the surface
film with them. It feeds on the insects that fall into the water and attacks
them even before they cease to struggle. In the latter case it is
extremely interesting to watch them stealthily approach their victim,
extending and retracting their long beaks, retreating hastily at some
sudden struggle of their prey, then once more resuming their cautious,
slow approach, until at length, when the struggles of their destined meal
grow feeble, some bold one injects into it the deadly poison of the
Hemiptera, stilling its motions, and the others then hasten to the feast.
As noted by Martin, several will fasten their beaks into one insect
simultaneously.

Although Martin casts much light on it, especially on the oviposition
and kindred phenomena, the life-history of Hydvometra Martini is still
but imperfectly known. To his data my observations this summer enable
me to add one or two facts of interest. I have not witnessed oviposition
so entertainingly described by this author. ‘The ovum, however, I have
seen, and it is a most beautiful object under the microscope, answering in
every particular to the most excellent drawing of it in his paper. I was,
however, able to ascertain the period between mating and oviposition. A
bred virgin female was mated on July 26th with one of the wild males
taken in Staten Island in May of this year. It immediately began to
swell and on the 28th or 29th of that month the first ovum was deposited,
the female being then quite swollen with ova, and continuing oviposition
thereafter. The number of ova deposited by a single female in the course
of a summer, under favourable circumstances, must be large. The two I
kept alive of those taken in Staten Island oviposited continuously from
the beginning of May to the end of August, and although I did not count
them, the sides of the aquarium were thickly studded with the ova, and
they must have numbered hundreds. This is the more remarkable, when
we consider that the abdomen of a full-grown female is not much over
6 mm. long and the ova are between 21% and 3 mm. The period of
emergence varies with the temperature. In the cool days of spring it is as
long as 1g days; in midsummer I have had ova hatch in about nine to
ten days. The nymphal stages are five, and the time between moults is
about three days, giving about fifteen days for the nymphal instars, This

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I observed in a number of specimens I succeeded in raising ‘from the
ovum, some carried through to maturity, others living only through a few
instars. The life-cycle can therefore be completed in from 25 to 35
days. This would give from three to five broods in the course of the
summer, which must be the case, as young and old adults and nymphs in
several stages can be found together at almost any time during the warm
weather. The nymphs-in a general way resemble the adults, except that
they are a light green, save where the stomach contents show through the .
transparent integument. They have a way of carrying the abdomen
turned up somewhat as do certain Staphylinds among the Coleoptera.°
When fresh after reaching maturity, they are covered with a grayish
pruinosity.. This frail little bug is long-lived too. Under favourable
circumstances they live at least a yeat. The individuals I observed were
of last year’s broods and they survived in my aquaria until late im August,
when they died of old age, the last one being a male, which» gave up the
ghost on the last day of the month.

Mr. Martin to the contrary notwithstanding, I have found no difficulty
in breeding Hydrometra Martini in my aquaria.. I kept the mated adults
in a large aquarium and by preserving the inner surface of the glass above
the water clean and polished, they were prevented from getting a foothold
to aid them in climbing out and escaping. Their ova were deposited on
the sides of the aquarium, and the young emerged without any mishap.
For their comfort, a few pieces of duckweed afforded themra resting place, |
although they seemed to prefer to cling to the sides of the aquarium or to
climb up a little way from the surface of the water, holding: on to the
roughness caused by the coating or sediment left on the glass by the
water as it evaporated and became lower in the vessel, or where it had
splashed in moving the aquarium about. They are sufficiently hardy to
have survived two trips of a couple of hours each, confined in a collecting
bottle tightly closed. For food, flies were the stapie, with an occasional
mosquito or other soft-bodied insect by way of change. I think that with
ordinary care a very complete life-history could be worked out in an
aquarium. The only species of //ydrometra recorded from the United
States is Hydrometra Martini, Kirk. Close collecting may eventually
show others, especially along our southern: border, in Texas, Arizona, etc.
In fact, Say in his original description of Hpdrometra lineata notes a form
that he calls ‘‘var. austradis,’ from Louisiana. It has been. my good
fortune to receive from Georgia, near the Florida line, one specimen

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 15

ats
answering to his description. The genital characters are such, however,
that I think it may be considered a new species, for which I propose the
name Aydrometra australis. The figures attached (Figs. 3 and 4) show
the’ differences in the genitalia, drawn from my specimen (a male), for
australis, and redrawn from Martin’s figures for Martini.

In addition to the characters drawn from the genzta//a, it differs from
the typical Afartini in the antennal and head characters pointed out by
Say, which appear to me sufficiently definite for separation. Lack of
material has prevented me from making the detailed study necessary to
indicate them minutely, but careful examination of my single specimen
leaves no doubt as to their presence.

7
> 35

Fig. 3.—Hydrometra_ Australis. Fig. 4.—Hydrometra Martini, Kirk.
Male pemtaka from side and above. Male genitalia from side and above.
( Original.) ( After Martin.)

A NEW GELECHID FROM ONTARIO.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

Aristotelia Youngel/a, sp. nov.—Head, antenne, palpi, thorax,
abdomen and legs shining iridescent green. Basal half of front wing and
outer half along costa black or very dark brown, heavily overlaid with
iridescent green. The dark basal half is outwardly margined by the
black ground colour, owing to absence of the iridescent scales at this
point. Ail'the outer half of wing, except the dark costal streak, is dull
ochreous, inwardly margined by a pale yellow line, the latter adjoining
the dark line of ground colour outlining the basal half. The ochreous
and yellow touch the costa at the middle only, and the ochreous
shade’encloses the dark costal patch, the latter divides the apex and is
one half the width of the wing except at its inner end where it is rounded

16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

off into the costa. A tiny dark-brown or black dot on ochreous just at
end of cell, and below, but not touching the dark patch above it. The
division line in middle of wing, dividing dark basal half from ochreous
outer half, is slightly oblique. Cilia fuscous. Hind wing and cilia fuscous,
latter once and a half to twice the width of hind wing. Under side front
wing fuscous, thinly overlaid with iridescent green, hind wing same, but
green only along costal half. Expanse, g 10. to 10.5 mm., 9 12. to
12.5 mm.

_ Nine specimens, ~ and 92, Hurdman’s Bridge, near Ottawa, Ont.,
VII., 7 and 9. Co-types, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8214, collectien of Mr.
Young, and my collection. Collected by Mr. C. H. Young, whose name
I am particularly pleased to associate with this very beautiful and dainty
species, as strictly representative of his own exquisite work in the Micro-
Lepidoptera.

A NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN PROTEOTERAS.
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS.

Proteoteras Moffatiaza, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 14-20 mm.
Head, thorax and fore wings emerald green, varying considerably in the
different specimens, some being much brighter than others. The fore
wings are marked with black, and many parts have silvery reflections in
certain lights. On the basal fourth of the costa there is a small quadrate
black spot, below which the basal part of the wing is more or less marked
with streaks or irrorations of black. On the middle ofthe costa is a black
quadrate spot connected below with a black stripe extending from the cell
outwardly, but not reaching a subapical black spot, which sends a
prolongation down along the outer border. There is a series of geminate
light spots on the costa, two at the base, two between the quadrate costal
spots, and five on the outer half of the costa. The extreme apex is
black.

Hind wings and abdomen above fuscous ; under side of all the wings
fuscous. The costal edge of the hind wings of the males beneath marked
with black.

Described from four males and three females. Habitat, London,
Ont. (Moffat) ; Lancaster, N. Y., Oct. 22; 1880; Milford, N. H., June
28, 1870 (Whitney).

I take pleasure in naming this interesting and variable species after
the late J. Alston Moffat, who for many years was the able and industrious
curator of the Entomological Society of London, Ontario,

January, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLEF, ALTA., N -W. T.
(Continued from Vol. XXXVI., p. 355.)

150. Hadena (Xylophasia) remissa, Hbn.—Nine ¢ ¢ at light in
1903, and a few of both sexes at light and treacle during 1904. Not
previously met with. July 15th to Aug. znd. Prof. Smith says they are
“somewhat paler in ground colour than New England examples.” In a
general way the species resembles a pale /ferens, with which species Mr.
Hudson end [ at first confused it whilst collecting.

151. H. (X.) suffusca, Morr.—Fairly common at treacle. End June
and July.

o52,. 22, (x: ) rorulenta, Smith.—(Psyche, Tune, 1904, p. 55). De-
scribed partly from Calgary material. Allied to and contemporaneous with
suffusca, but less common. I had the forms standing in two series in my
collection for some years, and there always seemed to be a sharp contrast.
between them, nothing intermediate ever turning up. Prof. Smith does
not state whether he compared the type of suffusca when naming this
species, but says: “1 have separated out as suffusca those examples
in which the ground colour is of an even lilac-gray, the reddish
‘suffusion is uniform, and neither the ordinary spots nor the terminal
space contrast strongly. In the new species either the reniform or
terminal space, or both, contrast strongly, and are violet or lilac gray.
The s. t. line is more sharply defined, the preceding marks blackish and
_more contrasting, as well as more numerous. The lower half of the wing
tends to a gray, which is best marked on the inner margin. The upper
half of the wing is reddish, pulverulent, and is darkest on the costa.” I ©
would add that the ground colour of the newly-named form is of a reddish
ochreous, much like the pale ground of vu/twosa, and that the reddish
shading in upper half of wing contrasts strongly, and is much more con-
spicuous than it is against the dark lilac-gray ground of suffusca. Prof.
Smith has specimens also from Winnipeg, Denver, Colo., and New York
State, so the two species, if such they really are, would seem to have much
’ the same range, and are probably mixed in many collections. The type
is at Rutgers College, and a perfect pair of co-types are in my own
collection.

153. H. (X.) vultuosa, Grt.—Rather rare. End June and July.

154. H.(X.) contradicta, Smith,—Generally very rare. Described

January ,1905.

18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

from Calgary. The type, which is in the National collection at Washington,
was taken at treacle near the mouth of Fish Creek on June 22nd, 1893.
It has turned up amongst Pine Creek hills in 1896, 1899 (one only) and
1904. End June to middle July, and all, I think, at treacle. I have not
yet heard of its occurrence in any other locality. A handsome species,
and not easily mistaken. A figure is given with the description.

155. H. (X.) morna, Streck.—A single ¢, June 19th, 1897. The
species looks to me rather like a pale variety of Aasser, in which species the
ground colour is almost uniform olive brown. In my morna, which Prof.
Smith refers to Au/stii, this is replaced, except in costal region and
terminal area, by ochreous.

156. H.(X.) cerivana, Smith.—Seldom common. June and early July;
at treacle. Described from Calgary. The type is at Washington. Dr. Dyar
treats this as a variety of European Jasz/inea, Fabr., but Prof. Smith has
examined a good series of both forms, as well as of finitzma, Gr.,.and whilst
believing them all three to be distinst, claims that cer‘vana is nearer to
finitima than either is to basilinea (CaN. Ent., XXXV., 134, May, 1903).
My only finitima isa ¢ from N. Y., and differs widely from the Calgary
species, both in colour and in the entire absence of grayish suffusion. A
figure is given with the description.

157. H. (X.) /ateritia, Hbn.—Has been a bad treacle pest in some -
years. June and July.

158. Hf. (X.) dubitans, Walk.—Rare onthe whole. July. By some
peculiar error which I have never satisfactorily explained, I had for some
years 7. A/vberta standing under this name, or rather under sputatrix.
This mistake was certainly not Prof. Smith’s, and the species are quite
dissimilar, Meanwhile my dubdctans did duty for Helotropha reniformis,
a species of which I have no Alberta record. I probably often used to
send out dubitans and A/berta under such erroneous names, but was
never corrected !

159. H. (X.) impulsa, Gn.—Very rare. July. A black species,
which at first sight might be mistaken for JZamestra assimi/is without the
white spot near anal angle.

160. A. (X.) devastatrix, Brace.—One of the commonest Noctuide,
and a bad pest at treacle. Met with commonly under bark on dead trees,
etc., and in outbuildings. End June to August. Have a fair specimen
dated Sept. 8th. I know of no species which has so often “ fooled” me
on the treacled posts, by looking like something new, and what is more, I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19

‘don’t seem to be used to it yet! It certainly shows considerable varia-
tion, but I fancy the deception is generally due to the varying effects
caused by the different angles at which the lantern rays shine on it.

161. H.(X.) arctica, Bdv.—This decidedly pretty, and I suppose
well-known species, was fairly common at treacle in 1896, and I had taken
‘a few specimens previously. I don’t think either Mr. Hudson or myself
have met with it since. End June and July.

162. H. (X.) occidens, Grt.—Very rare. End June and July.

163. H. (X.) versuta, Smith.—Described from Calgary. The type
is in U. S. Nat. Museum. Generally common at treacle in the hills.
June and July. The variation, though by no means striking, is consider-
able, and apt to be rather confusing, both when collecting and in the
series. I do not think, however, that I have more than one species under
the name. There is often a mossy or bronze lustre, but this is sometimes
lacking, and the forms are then dark powdery gray. It may be almost
unicolorous, and the markings, never very distinct, obscured, or the reniform
may stand out rather conspicuously in whitish. Thes. t. area is sometimes
tather conspicuously paler than rest of wing, especially near the inner
margin. It is really the variation in lustre and the suffused nature cf the
markings which render the study of a long series necessary before the
species can be recognized at sight with any degree of certainty. Nearly
ninety per cent. of my specimens are 9 9. Figure is given with
description.

164. H. (X.) ferens, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXV., 134, May, 1903).
Described from Calgary. The type isa ¢g in the Rutgers College collec-
tion. Very rare until 1903 and 1904, when over twenty specimens turned
up at light. Prof. Smith states that it is near ru#ata, a species I have not
yet seen. It is certainly very like a//ecto, from which, however, it may
be distinguished easily by the absence of grayish powdering, and greater
length, comparative to width, of wing. Bad specimens, too, are not unlike
remissa, which species has, however, larger, rounder and paler discoidal
spots. Sir George Hampson says: “I doubt its being distinct from
separans, Grt.” He has charge of the type of that species, and doubtless
has good grounds for the suggestion. July.

165. A. (X.) enigra, Smith.—(Psyche, June, 1904, p. 54). Described
from Calgary. Seven ¢ ¢, July 3rd to roth, at light, 1903. Prof. Smith
says after the description : “ This is one of those obscure species that have
no positive characters, and depend for their standing upon the absence of

20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

any that distinguish others. It is a little like /wmosa, but has entire
secondaries. The absence of black in the basal space excludes it from
ferens, which it otherwise resembles in size and general habitus.” «I
hardly dare add anything, as, though I suggested a different species to
Prof. Smith, I had it mixed with ferens, smail and badly marked speci-
mens of which, especially if a bit rubbed, are hard to distinguish from it.
It seems to bear the same relationship to ferens that Mamestra negussa
does to AZ. gussata; t. e., the later species lacks the numerous black
markings which characterize the older. Prof. Smith has the type, and I
have a co-type.

166. A. (X.) cinefacta, Grt.—Rare in Pine Creek at treacle during
July. I found it fairly common flying over flowers of Symphoricarpus
occidentalis or the western snowberry, on the Red Deer River flat north-
east of Gleichen, both before and after sunset, in early July of last year
(1904).

167. H. (X.) unita, Smith.—( Psyche, June, 1904, p. 54). Described
from a single 2 taken near Calgary on June 26th, 1897, probably at
treacle. The species is now in the Rutgers College collection. Prof.
Smith. says: “It resembles and is allied to cinefacta, but differs in the
uniform bluish ash-gray, the even black bar connecting the median lines,
and in the clearer, better defined markings.” It stood for five years in my
collection labelled “? cimefacta”’ on Prof. Smith’s authority, but the
reference always was, and still is, a puzzle to me. Sir George Hlampson
and others have accepted the species I held as cémefacta without challenge,
but I never saw a specimen with the least trace of the ‘ uniform bluish
ash-gray,” which is so evident in this specimen.

168. H. (X.) Alberta, Smith.—(Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI., 8,
March, 1903). Described from Calgary. The type is at Rutgers
College. I have one ¢ and two 9 co-types, anda ¢ co-type is in the
British Museum. Seldom at allcommon. Middle June to middle July,
at treacle. Prof. Smith says that it is “allied to cimefacta.” It could not
possibly be mistaken for that species as I know it. It is a dark leathery-
brown insect, sometimes almost black, and the maculation is always
obscure. As mentioned above, I had this species standing for some years
as sputatrix by some inexplicable error. I certainly never for a moment
confused the two.

169. /7. (X.) Barnesii, Smith.—A single ¢, in good condition, found
by Mr. Hudson under the bark on a poplar tree at Lineham’s lower log

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. v5 |

camp, in the foothills on Sheep Creek, on July 16th, 1898, has been so
referred by Prof. Smith, and passed as such by Dr. Barnes. A perfect 9
taken at light at the C. P. R. chalet at Lake Louise, Laggan, on July rgth
last, Ihave placed under the same name, though I admit it is almost as
much like the following species. ,

170. H. (X.) sora, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXV., 133, May, 19c3).
Two fine 3 ¢ only have been taken. One is the type which is now at
Rutgers College, and the other a co-type in my own collection. July 2nd
and 15th, 1896; treacle. In general appearance the form suggests 2
Barnesii, but is shorter winged and more even in colour than my ¢ of
that species. I had at first looked upon both as probable varieties of
Alberta, but they are really more like auranticolor. Neither need be
confused with that species, however, which is larger and much more
strongly coloured.

171. 4. (X.) semilunata, Grt.—Always rare. Treacle. June.

172. HZ. allecto, Smith.—Rather rare. At treacle, ‘in September.
Described partly from Calgary material. The type is in the U. S.
National Museum. According to Prof. Smith, this species differs super-
ficially from mactata only in colour, of which aZ/ecto lacks the reddish or
brown shadings, and is black and gray only. I have examined a number
of specimens from both Calgary and Cartwright, Man., but have been
unable to procure true actata for comparison. Some specimens seem to
me to have a slight brownish tinge, especially a Cartwright ¢ sent me by
Dr. Barnes labelled mactata. Mr. Heath, however, has not mactata on
his list, and all the a//ecto he sent me were like the Calgary form.

173. 4. transfrons, Neum.—Sometimes very common at light and
treacle, but, in eleven seasons, I am not aware that amongst the numbers
taken by Mr. Hudson and myself, more thantwo have been 2? ?. I used
at one time to send it out as v/o/acea, with which species I am not
familiar. Dr. Ottolengui corrected the error. There is considerable
variation in intensity of colour. In some specimens the s. t. area is con-
spicuously white, in others scarcely contrasting. Sometimes the violaceous
colouring of central band, and even basal area, is intensely rich, and such
specimens are very pretty. July and August. ‘The type is recorded
vaguely from ‘‘ British Columbia,” and is in the Museum of the Brooklyn
‘Institute of Arts and Sciences.

174. Hf. claudens, Walk. Nearly always a rarity, but some numbers
turned up at treacle in 1903, a year favourable to many //adenas. Middle
“August to middle September.

22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

175. Folia pulverulenta, Smith.—Rather rare as a rule, but fairly
common in 1903. August to middle September.

176. P. medialis, Grt.—A f taken at treacle near mouth of Fish
Creek, on Sept. 30th, 1894, was named media/is by Prof. Smith. Another
at treacle in the hills on Sept. 4th, 1896, passed as that species with Dr
Barnes. Neither are in my collection. Two ¢ 6, also at treacle, in the
hills on Pine Creek, Sept. 14th and 15th, 1903, were erroneously
recorded by me, from memory of the former specimens, as medéa/is in
Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., No. 19, p. 92. Prof. Smith afterwards saw one of the

latter specimens, and said concerning it: ‘‘ Not medzadis, and nothing like
it in my collection.” I have a specimen from Cartwright, Man., sent me
as confragosa, which I believe to be conspecific with these latter. The
two older specimens may or may not have been correctly named.

177. Hyppa xylinoides, Gn.—Fairly common at treacle some seasons.
Middle June to-middle July.

178. H. brunneicrista, Smith.—Described from Calgary, and I have
not yet heard of it from any other locality. The type is at Rutgers
College. Apparently very rare, but its seeming scarcity may be due to
its having been overlooked. It flies at the same time as xy/inoides, with
which I for a long time confused it. Its validity is, however, beyond
question. It differs from the preceding species mainly in these respects :
(1) The pectinations of ¢ antenna are longer, giving them a much heavier
appearance. This is quite obvious to the naked eye. (2) The thoracic
tuft is rusty-brown tipped. (3) There is a rusty shading in s. t. area near
anal angle, and the s. t. line is zo¢ sharply angulated at that point, where
it also lacks the black crescent-shaped mark before it. It is, in fact, in the
anal angle where the most obvious points of difference may be looked for
in 2 2. (4) The secondaries are more even and duller smoky, and
though the species is darker as a whole, this point is not a constant
feature. Four or five specimens were taken at treacie during the past
season (1904), which are all I have seen for about six years, during which
time its congener, with which it flies, has not been at allcommon. I have
a 2 co-type.

179. Euplexia lucipara, Linn.— Decidedly rare as a rule, but more
common than usual in 1904. June, at treacle.

180. Homohadena stabilis, Smith.— Described from Calgary. Type
at Washington. Common some years in July and August. Have bred it

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23

from larve feeding on the Western Snowberry (Symphoricarpus occiden-
talis). A dull red-brown species, with sometimes no sign of maculation
whatsoever, except very faint traces of t. a. and t. p. lines. A figure is
given with the description. |

181. H. badistriga, Grt.—Very rare. July and early August ;
treacle, I have only one ¢ and two 2 9, no two alike in either colour
or markings. Dr Fletcher says his specimens of dadzstriga have white
secondaries. In my three they are smoky, and the name may be wrong.
H. fifa, yar (Can. Ent., XXXVL., 30, Feb., 1904), is a closely described
form, to which one of my ? 9 might possibly be referable. I have
Manitoba specimens of both sexes similar to this ? , which were sent me
as “either dadistriga or kappa.” The latter species is unknown to me,
Iam inclined to think that my three specimens are not all the same
species.

182. Oncocnemis pudorata, Smith.—Occurs in the mountains at
Laggan (Bean). The type is from Agnes Lake, near there, at about
6,700 feet, and is at Washington. I have a fine ¢ specimen from Mr.
Bean, which I am pretty sure is this species. A figure is given with the
description.

‘183. O. atrifasciata, Morr.—Two specimens only, both ? ?, and
quite fresh. One on a fence rail in daytime, July roth, 1896. The other
at treacle, Aug. 18th, 1903. ‘

184. O. viriditincta, Smith.—A single ¢ at treacle, near mouth of
Fish Creek (Bow valley, below Calgary, and east of the hills), on Aug.
27th, 1894. The specimen has one hind wing chipped, but is otherwise
good. The type, which is in the Rutgers College collection, is from
“* McLean, B. C.,” and was taken by Mr. Bean. McLean, as before stated,
is.in‘Eastern Assiniboia, where Mr. Bean formerly resided. Mr. Heath
records the species from Cartwright, Man., so it would seem to be a prairie
rather than a mountain species in the west. It has apparently been taken
in eastern Canada. A figure is given with the description.

185. O. Chandleri, Grt.—Used to be very common, but I have not
taken it for some years. I think Prof. Smith redescribed it as confluens
about 19 years ago, but the description was never published. Under that
name I formerly distributed it. July to middle September. ‘Treacle and
light. One year it was a pest at both.

186. O. cibalis, Grt.—Rarely common, and not seen for years,
Middle July to middle September,

24° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

187. Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis, Grt.

188. &. rufipectus, Morr.—Both pretty common. July and August.

189. R. anchocelioides, Gn.—I have a 9 so named by Prof. Smith,
but which looks to me exactly like Dr. Holland’s figure of a/ternata. The
specimen bears no date.

190. Rk. placida, Grt.—Fairly common at treacle some seasons.
July and August. I may have more than one species under the name,

191. Adelphagrotis prasina, Fabr.—Generally rare, but it came
rather frequently to treacle in 1903. July and August.

192. Platugrotis pressa, Grt. Rare. July and August. Sir Geo.
Hampson says: “I doubt this being pressa, it is much too uniformly gray
and fuscous. We have a similar specimen from California.”

193. Euretagrotis inattenta, Smith.—(Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI.,
5, March, 1903). Described partly from Calgary material. The type,
which is in the Rutgers College collection, isa Calgary specimen. Resem-
bles perattenta, under which name I have sent it out. Compared with that
species, Prof. Smith says in the discription: ‘‘ The new species is
uniformly larger, darker, and even in colour, without mottling, and with
the terminal space not lighter than the ground, though in one case some-
what lighter than the s. t, spaces.” I have not yet-had an opportunity of
comparing the two, though ferattenta seems to occur at Cartwright,

194. Pachnobia littoralis, Pack.—Prof. Smith used to call my form
pectinata, but more recently he has said: ‘“ Your //ttora/is seems to be the
normal form of that species.” I may have both forms, but do not know
their characteristics. Common at light and treacle. June and July.

195. P. salicarum, Walk.—Common at sallow blossom and light.
End April (earliest, 23rd) and May.

196. Agrotis aurulenta, Smith. One fine ¢ at light, July 28th, 1903.

197. A. ypsilon, Rott—Not common. I have taken it in fine
condition from June 23rd to Oct. 5th.

198. Peridroma occulta, Linn. Common. End June to August.
Treacle. Very abundant during 1903, and a nuisance at treacle. I took
the opportunity, however, of picking out a fine series of perfect specimens,
including some very handsome forms. During the latter part of May and
early June the larva was to be seen in some numbers on the ends of
willow twigs in the daytime. These were apparently attacked by some
parasitic fungus, as they died on the twigs, to which they remained
clinging.

7 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25

. 199. P. astricta, Morr.—Always common. End June to August.

Treacle and light. Exceptionally common during 1903, but in fewer
numbers than occu/ta.
200. P. nigra, Smith.—Not common. July and August. Treacle.
I took a good series during 1903, when, though by no means common, it
turned up in greater numbers than previously. The species has a bluish-
black appearance, with sometimes a few paler shadings of ochreous or
brownish ochreous, but very different from the brown of aséricta or the
gray of occulta It is hard to get in good condition. I had this standing
for some years doubtfully as X. castanea, a species with which I am not
acquainted.

a 201. FP. margaritosa, Harr., var. saucia, Hbn.—Not common. I

q have no May or July records, but have taken it in fair condition from

E

middle to end of June, and perfectly fresh specimens from Aug. gth to

_ Oct. 2oth. I donot know the type from the variety, and may have both.

202. Noctua Smithii, Sneilen.—Common. July and August. The

_ erroneous reference to aya, Fabr., under which name this common North
_ American species used to be known, is not given in Dr. Dyar’s list.

203. WV. Normaniana, Grt.—Not rare. July and August.
204. WV. juncta, Grt.—Redescribed from Calgary by Prof. Smith as

patefacta, the type of which is in the U. S. Nat. Museum (Ent. News, VI.,
333, and pl., Dec., 1895). Rather rare. End July to early August.
‘Treacle and light.

{ 205. WV. substrigata, Smith. Described from Calgary, and_ figured
-with the description. Common at light and treacle. Middle June to
August. Type in the U. S. National collection at Washington.

206. WV. Treatiz, Grt.—In Can. EnT., XXXI., 200, it is stated that
this species is ‘not uncommon at Calgary.” This isa mistake. It has
always been a decided rarity, and hard to get in perfect condition, until
1903, when it was decidedly common, and one of the most frequent and
regular visitors to light for some weeks. Mr. Hudson and myself took a
large number of most perfect specimens, Also taken at treacle. July
and August.

207. lV. e-nigrum, Linn.—I used to look upon this as a rarity here,
but it has been more common during the past few seasons, though by no

means abundant. -Treacle. Less frequently at light. July and August.

/{. 208. WV. cynica, Smith, var. perumbrosa, Dyar?—(Can. ENT.,
RXXVL,, 31, Feb., 1904, and ro2, April, id.). A 2 dated Aug. 12th, 1903,
January, 1905.

26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

which seemed to me a unique, was stated by Prof. Smith to be ‘‘probably
the species Dr. Dyar calls umbrosa.” The name, being found preoc-
cupied, was changed as above. Prof. Smith tells me he has a specimen
from Cartwright, Man., and I have a @ from the same locality, which
looks the same. Dr. Dyar’s reference of perumbrosa to cynica rather than
to rubifera, is based on the form of ¢ genitalia. My Calgary specimen
is of a rather uniform dark brown, with scarcely any tinge of red or contrast
in shades. The t. a. and t. p. lines seem less waved than in rosaria, which
it resembles more nearly than anything else in my collection, and the
secondaries are dark smoky. Described from Kaslo, B. C. The type is
presumably at Washington.

209. WV. rosaria, Grt.—Fairly common at treacle some seasons.
Middle June to middle July.

210. LV. Calgary, Smith.—Described from here. The type is at
Rutgers College. Generally common, rather more so than the preceding,
at treacle, during the same period. I used to confuse the two species, but
careful study of long series enabled me at last to distinguish them at a
glance. In form Calgary differs from rosaria in having less rounded
apices ; in maculation in having the terminal area not darker, but usually
paler, than the subterminal. In vosaria the reverse is almost invariably
the case. Rosaria is of a rosy red colour throughout, whereas the
tints in Calgary are brownish red and brownish ochreous. In rosaria
the basal t. a. and t. p. lines are almost always double, generally fairly
distinct, rarely obsolete. In Ca/gary, though generally traceable, they are
rarely distinct, and still more rarely are any of them double. Thet. p.
line may be followed by a narrow pale shade, but the outer portion of the
line is usually obsolete, or at any rate is not distinguishable from the dark
s, t. shade, as it is from the PALE s. t. shade in vosaria. The spaces in
the cell between the spots and before the orbicular are sometimes black
in Calgary, but never in vosaria. I have bred specimens from Jlarve
beaten from sallows in early spring, The 2 ? of both species are
smaller than the ¢ ¢.

211. N. dislocata, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXVL., 149, June, 1904).
Described from here from four ¢ ¢ andtwo 9? 9. Thetype is in Prof.
Smith’s collection, and a g co-type is in my own. The description applies
for the ¢, which I feel convinced is a good species, but I have no reason
for believing that a 2 co-type sent me by Prof. Smith, picked from his
series of Calgary, is other than that species. It is by no means common,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27

-but about a dozen specimens were taken at treacle during 1904, more than

had been taken altogether previously. I have never seen any 2 which I
have suspected of being this species, which I first recognized three or four
years ago. The description is an excellent one, but as no corresponding
Cescription of Ca/gary was ever published, will not serve to distinguish it
from that species. And the broken median shade upon which the name
is based, though probably characteristic of the species as a whole, cannot
be relicd upon even inthe ¢ ¢ for the separation of individual specimens.
1 have closely examined 64 g 4 ands ¢ @ of Calgary, and “ bluish
ash-gray,” which fits many of the present species well enough, will not
apply to any of the older forms. <A few of my a@s/ocata, however, are of
that brownish-red tint common in Calgary, but none have the ochreous
shade generally present there as well. D7s/ocata averages a little larger,
and as a rule has the transverse lines, including the terminal line on both
wings, a little heavier and more clearly defined. The paler markings in
the reniform, when they exist, seem to be of a faint yellowish tinge rather

than whitish, as in Calgary. The orbicular is usually but not constantly

larger and rounder. The central shade, as mentioned above, seems
generally, not always, distinctly broken ; and in at least four of my most
obvious ¢ Ca/gary, the break is very pronounced indeed, but it is much
more often uninterrupted. The same break is occasionally seen in
rosarta. The collar in Calgary is generally a little paler than the rest of
the thorax, but in the present species is more often about unicolorous. I
may be over-confident, and yet I never felt more sure of a species which I
was so incapable of defining. It may be claimed that the inability
unjustifies me in condemning the 2. I cannot always recognize the
species at a glance, and I have at least two ¢ ¢ which I am unable to
place with certainty. It flies at the same time as Calgary.

212. JV. oblata. Morr.—Common in some years. Middle June
and July. ‘Treacle. Have bred it from larva beaten from Salix in early
spring.

213. LV. fennica, Yausch.—Have seen it not uncommon at treacle,
but it has been rare of recent years. End June to August.

214. LV. plecta, Linn. Very rare, and I have never taken a perfect
specimen. July, at light.

215. LV. col/aris, G. & R.—Rather common at treacle. August.

216. LV. inopinatus, Smith.—Not very common as a rule, though it
appeared in some numbers at light and treacle. July and August.

28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Described from material from Manitoba, Vancouver Island and Colorado.
The type, figured in Can. Ent., XXXII., No. 8, Pl. 5, is from Brandon,
Man., and is in the U. S. National collection at Washington. Said to be
intermediate between eastern farusfica and western sierre, In his
description Frof. Smith says: “In size the new species averages less
than karuspica, and the colour is, as a whole, more even smoky, with less
red. The ordinary spots are somewhat better relieved, while the median
lines tend to become broken and incomplete, while yet the detached parts
may be well marked.” I have one @? sent me from the States as
haruspica without data, and four fine specimens from Mr. C. H. Young,
of Hurdman’s Bridge, Ont., which Dr. Fletcher tells me are typical
eastern haruspica. The U. S. specimen differs from the Calgary form in
accordance with Prof. Smith’s remarks, except that some of my zopinatus
are much redder, and whilst a series of forty specimens from Calgary and
Cartwright, Man., collectively differs from the four Ottawa specimens in
like manner, if the two series were mixed, I certainly could not
distinguish them without the labels. In his notes to me recently Prof.
Smith said: ‘“Itis quite possible that we have to do with races instead
of final species.” To my mind the extremes in my two series overlap in
the different characters in such a way as to obviate any suggestion of two
species. I sent one of my reddest specimens to Sir Geo. Hampson, who

said: “I should call it szevr@.” He recognizes both species, however,
and has both from Colorado in the British Museum. Sverre, which I
have never seen, was described from California, where, Prof. Smith tells
me, izopinatus is probably not found.

217. LV. clemens, Smith.—Four specimens. One June 2oth, 1901; the
other three at light, on May 31st, 1902. Prof. Smith says that Colorado
specimens are a little larger. The species bears some resemblance to
Chorizagrotis balanitis, in mistake for which Mr. Hudson thinks he may
have passed it over.

218. WV. clandestina, Harris.—Generally the commonest noctuid,
often extremely abundant. A great frequenter of buildings, particularly
if built of logs. On some nights during hot seasons they are a bad pest
in houses. I used to think they were attracted thither entirely by lamps,
but though they certainly swarm round a light, their presence in the rooms
seems to be to some extent accidental. I have seen them in hundreds in
a room before the lamps have been lighted, where the night before there
were few or none to be seen. They appear to creep into cracks and
crannies from the outside to pass the daytime, and a large number of them
come out at dusk on the inside. Fortunately, they do not, as a rule,
come very freely to treacle. I have bred very few from “ cutworm” larvee,
End June to August. (To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29

FURTHER NOTES ON TYPES AND OTHER SPECIMENS IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM. *

BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.

Having planned a trip to Europe for the early part of last spring, I
was anxious to utilize the opportunity to compare some specimens with
types in the British Museum, but as I was sailing to the Mediterranean
and going to spend most of my time in Italy, it was impossible to take
more than a very few specimens, as [ had to carry them everywhere, and
did not dare to intrust the box to anyone else to carry for me. I there-
fore restricted myself to a cigar-box full, chiefly Gortynas, two of them
Appasstonata and Harrisii, kindly lent me by Mr. Bird, and the rest from
my own collection.

I sailed from Boston 26th March, via the Azores, Gibraltar,
Marseilles and Genoa to Naples, where I landed on the roth April. I
reached London on 4th June, and the following week paid two visits of
some hours each to the Entomological room of the British Museum.

I was unfortunate in missing Sir George Hampson, who was absent
on sick !eave, but every facility was given me for study, and I was much
indebted to the courtesy of the other smembers of the staff. To guard
against misconception, I wish to say that anything which I may say in
regard to errors of determination is not to be understood as criticism of
the officers in charge of that collection. No great collection can possibly
be free from very many errors. No man can be thoroughly acquainted
with the Rhopalocera or Heterocera of the world, and the enormous mass
of material already there and the very large accessions which are con-
stantly being received, render it impossible for the wholly inadequate staff
to cope with the work.

If there is one criticism I would make it is that there seems te be too
much of a tendency to find specimens to agree with the description of
every synonym, and so to have one or more specimens standing under
every name which has ever been given, which I think a great mistake, but
to have a great national collection practically free from errors it would be
necessary to call in experts in every group from all parts of the world,

and have them working for months on the parts of the collection that
they are competent to deal with, and that, of course, is manifestly
impossible. My time was chiefly given to the Gortynas, and I made the
following notes :

*Read at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 27th
Oct., 1904.
January, 1995,

30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

The drawers of Gortynas are not in a satisfactory condition, as
specimens are much crowded and put together without sufficient dis-
crimination.

Necopina.—Grote’s ¢ and @? types, but no other specimens.

Medialis.—One fine specimen from F. H. Wolley Dod appears to be
of the form named Pad/escens by Dr. Smith. |

Micacea, Esper.—There are many specimens put under this name,
including Gueneé’s type of Zmmanis and Amurensis, Stgr.. Also a
specimen labeled Od/iguwa, Harvey, from Sierra Nevada, which does not
appear to be that species, but rather Zmmanzis, Gn.; this probably accounts
for Dr. Smith’s original statement, that there was no reasonable doubt of
-the identity of Zmmanis, Gn., and Oddigua, Harvey (Catalogue of
NoctTuID&, p. 175), which he afterwards withdrew in his revision (Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VI., 24), acknowledging Od/:gua to be a good species.

Stramentosa, Gn.—The type and two other specimens.

Nitela, Gn.—The type and three other specimens.

Nebris, Gn.—The type and four other specimens.

Limpida, Gn —The type and three other specimens.

Cerussata, Grote.—One fine specimen from Mr. Bird.

Marginidens, Gn.—The type and two other specimens, all large
specimens and flown and light in colour.

Rutila, Gn.

Ffarrisii, Grt.

Sauzalite, Gtt.

If Grote’s description of Sauza/ite as having a frontal protuberance
is correct, a point which an entomologist of Sir George Hampson’s ability
could determine in five minutes, there could be no excuse for lumping it
with Auzi/a, although, as far as I could see, the type looks exactly hike
that species. I am also satisfied that Harrisiz, Grt., is distinct from
Rutila, Gn., as the t. p. lines are different. I also satisfied myself that
what we in Montreal have been rearing in abundance from burdock, and
also from thistle, is the true AutiZa from Gueneé. The specimens stand-
ing under the name AuéiZa in the’ British Museum are as follows :

Guenee’s type, which is rather faded. There are three other speci-
mens of the same form, but all are in poor condition.

These are all put together as one species under
\ Gueneé’s name, but erroneously so.

Grote’s type of Sawza/itz, which is in poor condition,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oF

Two specimens marked “ Harrisii, Grt., 2 type”; these agree
together in colour and markings and with Bird’s specimen which I took
over.

Over the label “ var. Harrisii” are two specimens, one labeled:

| GORTYNA, f TYPE. | Is much deeper and brighter in colour than

GROTE. : oe
BABNISH:: CROTE the other specimens of Harrisiz, but

appears to agree with them in markings. The other specimen is without
label, but is a fairly fresh Rutila,

3 Purpurifascia, G. & R.—There are four specimens, which seem to
be correctly named, but are in poor condition.

Baptisia, Bird.—One fine bred specimen from Bird.
Appassionata, Harvey, type.—In fair condition, but badly set and
sprung, the wings sloping down. The fore wings rather narrower and
slightly more elongated than in the specimens bred by Bird, but not quite
so sharply. pointed at apex as indicated in a drawing made for me by Mr.
Knight. Hind wings with outer half more distinctly rosy than in Bird’s
specimen, and more distinctly limited on inner edge by median line. In
‘my opinion there can be no doubt that the species bred by Bird from the
Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia Purpurea) is the true Appassionata.
Buffaloensis, Grote’s type, is the only specimen in the collection.
The right primary is badly slit to the base, but the specimen otherwise is
in good condition. It is of a rich red-brown colour.
Nelita, Streck.—Is not represented.
Impecuniosa, Grt., type.—lIn rather poor condition.
Cataphracta, Grt.—Three specimens, two being fairly fine.
, Rigida, Grt., type only.—In poor condition.
; _Cerina, Grt., type—Large in size. Right side in poor condition, left
_side fairly good.

Erepta, Gtt, type.-—Unique. In rather poor condition. A peculiar-
‘looking species. From “ Douglass Co., Kansas, goo ft. F. H. Snow.”

Inquesita, Grt.—Two fine specimens.

Up to 1g00, when I presented a specimen of Hepialus Thule, Streck.,
to the Museum, that species was supposed to be lacking, but on this

_ occasion, when looking over the drawers containing that genus to see if
Grote’s type of H. graci/is was in the collection, I discovered a specimen
of Zhule in fair condition, which has been in the collection ever since
1844, or for 31 years before the species was described, According to the

32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Museum register, it was collected by George Barnston in Hudson’s Bay
Territory, the locality, ‘“‘ Albany River, St. Martin’s Falls,” being enclosed
in brackets, but as the entry applies to a number of specimens received in
the same lot, it is impossible to be sure of the locality of this particular
specimen. The specimen had been placed with HY. argenteomaculatus.

I also looked hurriedly over the drawers of North American Codias
and saw a number of errors. terior was in one drawer, while the name
Laurentina was put, as originally described by Scudder, as a variety of
Philodice, but the specimens under this name were two albino females of
Philodice, from Philadelphia, a rather narrow-bordered Philodice from New
Brunswick and one set under side up.

Two male specimens of Co/ias, which, according to the register, were
taken in the Rocky Mountains bya collector employed by Lord Derby,
about 1845 or 1847, and which, if I am not mistaken, stood in 1897 over
a blank label, have now been labeled Astrea, Edwards, but are certainly
not that variety. I may say that I have seen the type of Astrea, but do
not consider it in the least entitled to a varietal name. It is a very
ordinary form of Christina, and intergrades with the typical form. I
noticed a number of other errors, some of which I pointed out to Mr.
Heron, but of which I made no exact notes.

P. S.—Since writing the above I have received a letter from Sir
George Hampson, in which he says: ;

“With regard to the specimens standing under rufz/a, they are
exactly as Mr. Butler placed them, as I have not yet come to that part of
the subject, and had not in any way studied them till I got your letter.
sauzalite has the frontal prominence very distinct, it is a vertical flat
plate, shaped like the letter D, the others have no frontal prominence.
rutila has the postmedial line moderately bent outwards below costa,
then oblique to vein 6, then inwardly oblique, whilst Harrisi? has it
strongly bent outwards below costa, then nearly evenly inwardly oblique
to inner margin. We have the type and two other specimens of typical
rutila, and the three types and two other specimens which i should put
under Harrisii, but I am bound to confess that these last two specimens
appear to be somewhat intermediate.”

The two specimens regarded by Sir George as intermediate appeared
to me to be merely Rufi/a.

Mailed January 7th, 1905.

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A SCHOOL COLLECTION, OF INSEGiISi

Te Canadian Entomologist

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1905. No. 2

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 2.
ENTOMOLOGY IN SCHOOLS.
BYoagis+S, SAUNDERS, TORONTO.

Having prepared a case of insects for a Toronto Public School
teacher, for, her class-room, I thought it might be a stimulus to others to
do likewise, if the details were given some publicity.

All of us with medium-sized or large collections have duplicates
enough from which to select material for such a case without impoverishing
our collections, and now that so many public schools have departments of
manual training there should be no difficulty in getting the teachers in
these departments to co-operate by supplying the necessary cases. Asa
suggestion to manual-training teachers, the principal point in building
insect cases is making them proof against pests; 7. ¢., tight-jointed. The
simplest form of case would be one with a rabbet on the inside edge of
the sides, into which a piece of glass could be placed and fastened with
gummed paper. Sheet cork is necessary as a lining in the bottom of the
case to hold the pins securely.

My idea in preparing the case was to give the scholars some knowl-
edge of the leading characteristics of the principal orders and, with the
specimens, fixing these points in their minds.

The accompanying plate needs no further explanation, except supply-
ing what we are unable to read here on the labels. The pronunciation
of classical names is indicated by very small hyphens and accent marks.
Each label has a red border and black lettering. The size of the case is
Igx16 inches. Most of the insects have individual labels on the pins
giving the common name.

Insects, class Hexapoda, or the animal kingdom (from the Greek,
hex—six, and pous—foot).—Air breathing, with distinct head, thorax and
abdomen, three pairs of legs and usually one or two pairs of wings in the
adult stage. Insects comprise four-fifths of the animal kingdom.

Order Hymenoptera (hymen—membrane, pteron—wing). Bees,
wasps, ants.—Four wings, comparatively few or no transverse veins. Hind
wings smaller than fore wings.

34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Order Coleoptera (coleos—a sheath, pteron—a wing). Beetles.—A
pair of horny wing-covers, which meet in a straight line down the back,
and beneath which there is a single pair of membranous wings. Eleven
thousand known kinds in Canada and United States.

Order Diptera (dis—two, pteron—wing). Flies, mosquitoes, etc.—
Only two wings.

Order Lepidoptera (lepis—a scale, pteron—wing). Butterflies and
moths. Four membranous wings covered with overlapping scales.
Seven thousand known kinds in Canada and U. S. Butterflies.—
Clubbed antenne ; fly only in day time, and usually hold the wings erect
above the back when at rest. (A few moths have clubbed antenne, many
fly by day, but no moth presents all three of the above characteristics).
Seven hundred kinds in Canada and U. S. Moths.—Antennez not
clubbed ; fly generally at night ; wings not held erect when at rest. Six
thousand four hundred kinds in Canada and U. S.

Order Neuroptera (neuron—a nerve, pteron—a wing). The Lace-
wings.—Four wings with numerous veins and cross-veins.

Order Hemiptera (hemi—half, pteron—wing). Bugs, lice, aphides,
etc.— With four wings, or wingless.

Order Orthoptera (orthos—straight, pteron—wing). Crickets, grass-
hoppers, etc.—Four wings, first pair thickened and overlapping when at
rest ; second pair thinner and folded in plaits like a fan.

Order Odonata (odous—a tooth). Dragon-flies.—Four wings, finely
netted with veins ; hind wings as large, or larger, than fore wings; each
wing has near the middle of the front margin a joint-like structure, the
nodus.

NOTES ON THE LOCUSTIDA OF ONTARIO.
BY E. M. WALKER, B. A., M. B., TORONTO.
(Continued irom p. 341, Vol. XXXVI.)
14. ORCHELIMUM VULGARE, Harr. The Common Meadow Grass-
hopper.
Orchelimum vulgare, Harr., Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, 162.
Xiphidium agile, Redtenb., Verh. zool.-bot. ges., Wien., 1891, 186 (in
part).
Orchelimum agile, Scudd., Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sc., VIII., 1900,

73-
Measurements: Length of body, male 18 mm., female 18.5 mm.; of

pronotum, male 5 mm., female 5.4 mm.; of hind femora, male 14 mm.,

February, 1905.

eS a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 35

female 14.5 mm.; of tegmina, male 20 mm. (18-24), female 19.5 mm.
(19-25) ; of ovipositor, 8 mm.

This is the only species of Orchelimum that is distributed generally
over a large part of the Province. It becomes gradually scarcer to the
north of Lake Simcoe, and I believe it does not range much further north
than Muskoka, I found it sparingly at Dwight, but it did not appear in
Algonquin Park, nor did I take it at North Bay, although the proper sort
of environment, apart from the northern latitude, was often met with.

This grasshopper is common in upland fields as well as low meadows,
and is fond of pefching in clumps of tall grass. It reaches maturity
towards the end of July, and lasts until about the beginning of October.

The song of the male is the familiar “x7...... SJL IPs [IP LOT «See :
etc,” of which an interesting and detailed description is given by Dr.
Scudder in the Twenty-third Annual Report of the Entomological Society
of Ontario, 1893, p. 73.

I bave found great variation in the length of the tegmina and wings
in this species. Individuals with unusually long tegmina, and wings which
project some distance beyond them, are not uncommonly met with in the
north. I have taken them several times at Lake Simcoe and also at Lake
Muskoka, the Bruce Peninsula, and Walpole Id., River St. Clair. These
long-winged individuals resemble O. g/aberrimum in appearance, but are
considerably smaller.

Localities: Rondeau, Sept. 14, 16, 1899 ; Point Pelee, Aug. 8, rgor;
Arner, Essex Co., Aug. 9, 1901 ; Chatham, Aug. 10, rgo1 ; Sarnia, Aug.
12, 1901 ; Walpole Id., River St. Clair, Aug. 13, rgo01; Goderich, Aug.
18, 1901: Bruce Peninsula, Aug. 12, 1901; Burke’s Id., Lake Huron,
Aug. 29, 1901; Toronto, Aug., Sept.; Lake Simcoe, July 26-Oct. 1; Lake
Muskoka, Aug. to, 1899; Dwight, Sept. 2, 1902 ; Aug. 23, 1903.

15. ORCHELIMUM GLABERRIMUM, Burm.

Xiphidium glaberrimum, Burm., Handb. der Ent, II., 13838, 707.

Orchelimum glaberrimum, Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VIL,
1862, 453-

Measurements: Length of body, male 21.5 mm., female 20 mm.; of
pronotum, male 5.9 mm., female 6 mm.; of hind femora, male 17 mm.,
female 19.2 mm; of tegmina, male 27.5 mm., female 28 mm.; of
ovipositor, 8 mm.

On September 14, 1899, I captured 3 males of this fine species from
the marshy shore of the “ Rondeau,” at Rondeau Provincial Park, Kent
Co. I took them while stridulating, their song being indistinguishable, as

”

36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

far as I could make out, from that of O. vulgare. They were found in
company with the latter among the tall grass and sedge that border the
‘“‘ Eau.” My single female was taken at Point Felee from an open marsh
bordering a creek, Aug. 8, Igor.

16. ORCHELIMUM NIGRIPES, Scudd.

Orchelimum nigripes, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIL.,
1875, 459- .

Aiphidium nigripes, Redtenb., Verh. zool.-bot., ges., Wien, 1891, 188.

- Measurements: Male, length of body, 19 mm.; of pronotum, 5 mm.;
of hind femora, 17 mm_; of tegmina, 20.5 mm. *

On Aug. 7, 1got, while collecting at Point Pelee, in a low wood
bordering a stream, I heard a sound very like the stridulation of
Orchelimum vulgare, but more subdued, the “jips” coming at much
shorter intervals, and more of them produced at atime. After two or
three attempts I succeeded in tracing the song to its source, and found an
Orchelimum, quite new to me, which proved to be O. nigrifes. I took
another male in the same way, but, although I heard many more, I was
unable to find any of them. In several cases the sound proceeded from
trees, at a height of some ten or fifteen feet, but, as a rule, it came from
tall weeds and vines which grow in great luxuriance upon the rich black
soil. I also saw a male in an open marsh bordering the same creek, but
failed to capture him.

17. ORCHELIMUM CAMPESTRE, Blatchley.

Orchelimum campestre, Bl., Can. ENT., XXV., 1893, 91.

Measurements : Length of body, male 15-18 mm., female 16 mm.;
of pronotum, male 3.6—4.2 mm., female 3.9 mm.; of hind femora, male
14.5-16 mm., female 15.2 mm.; of tegmina, male 20.5-26 mm., female
28.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 7 mm. ;

This slender and graceful species is probably confined to the south-
western section of the Province, especially along Lake Erie, where it
frequents open grassy marshes, like most of the other members of the
genus.

Mr. Caudell, who kindly compared a pair of these insects with
Blatchley’s types of O. campestre in the U. S. National Museum, says that
they agree perfectly with the latter. They are quite like a pair from
Indiana, which I received from Mr. Blatchley, and are of about the same
size.

Localities: Point Pelee, Aug. 8, 1901 ; Walpole Id., River St. Clair,
Aug. 13, 1901 ; marsh near Rondeau, Kent Co., Sept. 15, 1899.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37

18. ORCHELIMUM INDIANENSE, BI.

Orchelinum Indianense, Bl., Can. ENt., XXV., 1893, 90.

Measurements: Length of body, male 16.5 mm., female 15 5 mm.;
of pronotum, male 3.4 mm., female 3.5 mm.; of hind femora, male 13.25
mm., female 14.5 mm.; of tegmina, male 18 mm., female 20 mm; of
ovipositor, 6.8 mm.

This is the smallest species of Orche/imum found in Ontario, and is
readily known by the transparent whitish green of the tegmina, and the
dark stripe down the middle of the face. My specimens appear to average
slightly smaller than those from Indiana.

I found this pretty little species common near Sarnia, in a large tract
of open grassy marsh land bordering the St. Clair River. This land had
been entirely submerged earlier in the season, but when I visited the place
the ground was dry and cracked. Several other interesting Orthoptera
were taken here, among them Conocephalus Nebrascensis, Brun., and
Orphulella pelidna, Haan, neither of which have been noted elsewhere in
Canada.

I have also taken O. /udianense in open marshes at Arner and
Walpole Id., in each case a single example.

Localities: Arner, Essex Co., Aug. 9, 1901 ; Walpole Id., River St.
Clair, Aug. 13, 1901 ; Sarnia, Aug. 14, Igor.

Ig. ORCHELIMUM DELICATUM, Bruner.

Orchelimum gracile, Brun., CAN. ENt., XXIII., 1891, 70.

Orchelimum delicatum, Brun., Ent. News, II1., 1892, 264.

Measurements: Length of body, male 18.5 mm., female 18 mm.; of
pronotum, male 4.1 mm., female 4.2 mm.; of hind femora, male and female
16.5 mm.; of tegmina, male 20.3 mm., female 20 mm.; of ovipositor
ro mm.

I sent a female of this Orchelimum to Mr. Blatchley, who gave his
opinion that it was probably de/icatum, and kindly lent me a specimen
from Indiana for comparison. This specimen closely resembles mine in
every respect, except that the ovipositor is nearly straight, while in all of
my three females it is distinctly curved. The comparative straightness of
the ovipositor is one of the characteristics of de/icatum as defined in

Bruner’s description, so that my specimens may belong to another species.
They agree with de/icatum in other important features, however, as, for
instance, in the very delicate texture of the tegmina and in the unusual
length and breadth of the ovipositor, and it seems better to regard them
as the same species until the matter is settled by further collecting.

38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

I found all my specimens among the tall grass and sedge of open
marshes.

Localities: Rondeau, Kent Co., Sept. 14, 18, 1899 (1 male, 3
females) ; Point Pelee, Aug. 8, 1901 (1 male) ; Sarnia, Aug. 16, 1gor (1
male).

20. ORCHELIMUM GLADIATOR, Bruner.

Orchelimum gladiator, Brum, CAN. EntT., XXIII, 1891, 71.

Measurements : Femaie, length of body, 21 mm.; of pronotum, 5.5
mm.; of hind femora, 16.8 mm.; of tegmina, 20.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 10.5
mm.

I have but a single female of this insect, taken on Aug. 8; 1901, from ,
a marsh bordering a creek, just above Point Pelee.

21. ORCHELIMUM VOLANTUM, McNeill.

Orchelimum volantum, McNeill, Psyche., VI., 1891, 26.

Orchelimum Bruneri, Bli., CAN. ENT., XXV., 1893; 92.

This species is very abundant in Southern Ontario and varies so much

in size, according to locality, that I give the following measurements of
average specimens from the Niagara River, where they are very large, and
from Point Pelee, where they are much smaller :

| |\Length of|
Length of Length of} hind Length of Length of
body. ne femora. | tegmina. |ovipositor

mm. | mm. mm. | mm. mm.
pean Be —|—_—____| s
Niagara River..... 3 | 20.0 4.0 16:5 4) “240
| 24.8 4-9 19.7 30.0 10.5
PRG PEICE «sin ate oye eee giz Loy 1g.c
g 1g.0 3-9 16.3 24.3 9.0

I first came across this species on the Niagara River, below Queen-
ston, where I heard its peculiar note among the rushes growing in the
water near the shore. I took a number of males by sweeping, but only
one female. McNeill has well represented this song as “Zip, si,
hr-ze-e-e, kr-ze-e-c.” I have never noticed the preliminary “ gzf, 22.”
The last part of the song does not last more than half to three-quarters of
a second, but is kept up indefinitely.

At Point Pelee and Rondeau vo/antum is abundant in open marshes,
bordering streams, and I came across it again at Sarnia among rushes and
Sagittaria growing in a small pond.

Localities: Niagara River, Sept. 26, 1898; Rondeau, Kent Co.,
Sept. 15, 1899 ; Point Pelee, Aug. 8, 1901; Sarnia, Aug. 14, IgoI.

(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF HALICTUS FROM MAINE.
BY JOHN H. LOVELL, WALDOBORO, MAINE.

Hlalictus hortensis,n. sp. 9.—Length, 5 mm. Head and thorax
green, abdomen black, with the apical margins of the segments brown.
Head nearly as broad as long, face finely and densely punctured, thinly.
clothed with a short white pubescence; mandibles bidentate, rufous at
tips ; antennz black, pubescent, flagellum with minute appressed hairs,
brownish beneath. Mesothorax nearly bare, finely and sparsely punc-
tured ; disc. of metathorax rounded or ‘somewhat triangular, evenly and
finely rugulose or roughened. Wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures and

stigma testaceous, tegulz testaceous, pubescent, impunctate. Legs

brown-black, tarsi ferruginous, hind spur with four long teeth. Abdomen

impunctate, or with a few very fine punctures, the discs of the first and

‘second segments bare and shining, the apical segments thinly clothed with -
a short white appressed pubescence.

I have taken this bee in my garden on the flowers of the rhubarb,
blackberry, plum and rose. It is the smallest species of Halictus with
which I am acquainted in this locality.

Ffalictus versans, n. sp. Q.—Length, 6 to 7 mm. Head and
thorax dark green, abdomen oval or elliptical, black. Head broad, face
closely and finely punctured, clypeus dark purple, coarsely and sparsely
punctured, fringed with ferruginous hairs; mandibles rufous at tips ;
antenne black, flagellum slightly testaceous beneath. Mesothorax densely
and finely punctured; disc of metathorax rounded, with fine radiating
raised lines not extending to posterior margin ; truncation with a medial
fissure. Wings fuscous, stigma and nervures reddish-brown, tegule black
-with a piceous spot. Abdomen black, nearly bare, shining, a patch of
white pubescence at base of second and third segments, apical segments
very thinly and unevenly clothed with a whitish pubescence.

¢.—Length, 6 mm. Like the female, the coloration is unusually
dark ; antennz testaceous beneath ; disc of metathorax rougher, with a
more or less salient rim. Two males taken on Solidago are referred to
this species.

The female is described from specimens taken on LZ filobium angus-
tifolium ; it has also been found on Solidago and other flowers. The
head and thorax are a very dark green, the abdomen is remarkably regular

February, 1905.

40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and oval, the segments closely imbricated and the sutures not at all
prominent.

ffalictus oblongus, n. sp. §&.—Length, 7 mm. Head and thorax
green, abdomen oblong, black. Breadth of head about equal to the
length, face densely and finely punctured, clypeus with a few coarse

elongate punctures, fringed with ferruginous hairs; antenne black,
- testaceous beneath. Mesothorax minutely and closely punctured, nearly
bare ; disc of metathorax rounded, rugulose, raised lines extending to
posterior margin, with a brassy reflection. - Wings hyaline, slightly tinged
with brown, nervures and tegule reddish brown. Abdomen unusually
long, nearly bare, shining, apical segments with a very thin whitish
pubescence.

¢.—-Length, 6mm. Slender, resembles the female ; antennz long,
conspicuously testaceous beneath ; disc of metathorax darker, not brassy ;
abdomen nearly smooth. _

Both male and female specimens were taken on Eupatorium perfoli-
atum, August twenty-fourth. This species is distinguished by the unusual
length of the abdomen.

Flalictus nubilus,n. sp. (.—Length, 6.5 mm. Head and thorax
green, with a brassy reflection, abdomen black, apical margins of seg-
ments broadly light brown. Head longer than wide, face finely and
densely punctured, lower half clothed with a pale fulvous pubescence,
clypeus purple, with a few coarse sparse punctures ; antennz black,
flagellum pale brown beneath. Thorax clothed with a short pale fulvous
pubescence ; mesothorax sparsely and rather coarsely punctured;
metathorax sharply truncate, disc bluish-green, coarsely rugose, ruge
extending to posterior margin, at each superior lateral angle there is a
salient rim extending a short distance each way, centre emarginate ;
truncation grooved, pubescent. Wings hyaline, clouded with white,
nervures light yellow, tegule impunctate, piceous. Abdomen without
punctures, shining, the extreme sides of first and second segments and
apical segments entirely covered with a rather dense fulvous pubescence.

Taken on /ris versicolor and Solidago. The four species described
above belong to that section of Halictus for which Mr. Robertson has
proposed the name Chloralictus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41

ASSINIBOIA MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, COLLECTED BY MR
£_N. WILLING.

BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

Iam very much indebted to Mr. T. N. Willing, of Regina, Assa., for
the privilege of working up a very interesting collection of Micro-Lepidop-
tera. It is particularly notable in recording a number of species that have
hitherto been only known by the types, and especially so in establishing
a wide range of territory to species that have been only recorded
from California. Following this paper I have ome in preparation on the
same subject, from material collected in Manitoba by Messrs. Heath,
Criddle and Dennis, to be followed in its turn by one on Micro-Lepidop-
tera from Western British Columbia, collected by Dr. Taylor and Mr.
Bryant; later I hope to be in possession of sufficient material from the
territory east and north of Toronto, which has been less worked than any
part of North America, for a fourth paper. It is most gratifying to observe
the very great interest in these small insects that has arisen throughout:
Canada.

TORTRICIDA.
Olethreutes consanguinana, Wism.—One specimen ; Macleod, VII.
'2. The most eastern record for this species, common in British Columbia
and California.

Olethreutes deceptana, sp. nov.—Palpi, head and thorax pale gray,
thickly sprinkled with darker gray atoms, antenne pale gray, Front wing
pale gray, marked with obscure darker gray. The darker shade forming
a basal patch, a more or less obsolete middle fascia and streaks before
outer margin. The basal patch covers on costal and dorsal margins a
fifth of length of wing, but extends outward on middle one-quarter, the
outer edge is slightly indented half way between middle and costa, below
middle the edge is*#@regular and almost lost on its lower fourth. The
basal patch is thickly covered with darker, nearly black strigule and
dots, the former parallel to the outer margin of patch. Central dark fascia
from middle of costa and narrowest just below costa; its inner edge
slightly indented below costa, broadly indented on cell and slightly above
dorsal margin ; its outer edge is slightly indented below costa, deeply and

narrowly at end of cell, thence obliquely towards anal angle, but before
. a
February, 1905.

42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

reaching it abruptly turning downward into dorsal margin. Like the basal
patch, it is transversely strigulated with nearly black lines and dots. A
narrow dark half fascia arises just below middle of outer margin, proceeds
obliquely inward towards costa at outer fourth, but terminates before
reaching it; it is widest and rounded on its upper end. Between this
short fascia and middle fascia, the narrow streak of lighter ground colour
is divided by a darker line. The pale ground colour between basal patch
and middle fascia, at apex and along outer half of costa is also strigulated
with darker gray shades and dots. The costa is marked as follows: In
basal patch with two dark dashes ; in ground colour before middle fascia
with four dark dashes; in middle fascia, the margins of which are nearly
black, make two and between them a third dark dash ; beyond middle
fascia to apex are four paler ground colour oblique lines, each two divided
by a darker dash and each with a darker dash in its middle. The inner
pale-ground-colour line continues down to anal.angle, the second and
third merge together below and outline the upper end of marginal semi-
fascia, and then continue around its outer edge to middle of outer
margin ; the fourth and outer pale line runs obliquely into outer margin

below apex and outlines the darker apical spot. Cilia with seven whitish
and seven dark gray spots, evenly spaced. Hind wing smoky fuscous,
paler along costa and basally. Cilia paler. Under side: Front wing
smoky fuscous, with whitish spots repeated from above along costa and
outer margin; hind wing grayish fuscous, a shade darker at apex.
Abdomen gray above ; below and legs cinereous.

One 6, Regina, VII., 20. Three ¢, Aweme, Man., VII., 24, to
VIIL, 8 (Norman Criddle). One ¢, Chicago, Ill., June (Jos. H. Read-
ing). Co-types, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8205, Mr. Willing’s and my collec-
tions.

I think this is the species that has been masquerading in our lists as
hartmanniana, Linn., and propose to drop the latter name from our
American list. I havea long series of Aartmanniana from Europe, anda
very careful comparison leaves no doubt of their separate identity. In
hartmanniana the central fascia is differently indented, there is a tendency
to its being entirely divided on cell by ground colour, leaving a conspicu-
ous dash half fascia from costa and a dark shade on dorsal margin ; there

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43

is also a dark dorsal shade in hartmanniana from base to angle, which is
entirely wanting in our American species.

Decepiana is not unlike Archips affictana, Walk., but can readily be
separated by structural characters. The ¢ of affictana has a costal fold,
which is absent in deceptana. The median vein of hind wing of deceptana
is hairy at base above, which is not the case with affictana. The costa
of deceptana is more rounded or arched than affictana. Zeller’s identifi-
cation of fartmanniana was from specimens collected in Mass. by
Burgess. JI am much inclined to the opinion that these specimens were
afjiictana, which is common in the Eastern States, or it is possible that
they were more or less rubbed specimens of a/beo/ana, Zell. By removing
hartmanniana from our lists, Zeller’s species a/beo/ana, which has been
listed as a variety of artmanniana, will become a good species, and
represent the very distinctly marked species, the larve of which are
always found on birch (Betula alba). Hartmanniana, according to
Meyrick, feeds on Willow (Salix).

Olethreutes vetulana, *W\sm.—One f , Regina, VIII., 30. Described
from California and Texas and not since recorded. Type, 17 mm.

Regina specimen 22 mm., and more of a dark chocolate-brown than
California specimens and type, which are a reddish-brown.

Olethreutes campestrana, Ze\l.—Three specimens, Regina, VIIL., 13,
and Pincher, VII., to; marked identically with Zeller’s figure, but
expanding only 12 mm. All other specimens in my collection and the
types expand 16 to 18 mm. These may be diminutive examples of
campestrana or a new species, but I would long hesitate describing as new
anything in this genus with the characteristic white inner and outer bands
and dark fuscous or dark-brown basal patch, central band and sometimes
apical patch, forming four or five well-defined vertical fasciz, as there are
already seven species (5469 to 5475, Smith’s List) so closely allied that I
have yet been unable to separate them. Besides the above is a fourth
specimen labelled Indian Head, VI., 29, that is darker and differing in
the indentations of the white fasciz, and especially in the ornamentation
of the apical patch, which seems closer to dealbana, Walk., but is too
badly rubbed to be positively identified.

*Smith’s List, 1903, No. 5454, erroneously printed vestz/ana,

44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Eucosma Morrisont, W\ism.—Two specimens, Macleod, VII, 8, and
Lethbridge, VII., 11. A trifle smaller and paler than Colorado and
Montana specimens.

Lucosma circulana, Abn.—One specimen, Regina, VI., 18. Same
size, but differs somewhat from Eastern specimens, and additional
material may prove it to be a new species, or at least a good variety.

Eucosma argentialbana, Wism.—Two specimens, Regina, VI, 18.
I have no authentic specimens from Texas, where the types were taken,
to make a comparison, but feel reasonably sure of this identification,
although the Regina examples are more distinctly marked and capable of
a much more clearly defined description than that of the type.

Eucosma culminana, W\ism.—Two specimens, Regina, VIII., 13 and
15. This is a very interesting capture, described by Walsingham, 1879,
from California. It has not since been recorded or, as far as I know,
taken.

Eucosma iilotana, Wslm.—One specimen, Regina, VI, 18. This is
also an interesting record, as I am not aware of any printed record of its
capture since Walsingham took it in Oregon more than twenty-five years

ago. It is not, however, the most Eastern specimen, as I have one from
Chicago, taken by Mr. J. H. Reading.

Lucosma Smithiana, W\ism.—Two specimens, Macleod, VI., 25, and
VIL, 8. Iam rather doubtful of this determination, the specimens are
somewhat rubbed, but as far as can be seen agree with the description.
If not Smithiana, | do not know of anywhere else to place them, and
additional material may prove it to be new.

Thiodia dorstatomana, sp. nov.—Palpi inwardly and basally white,
outwardly and second joint above tinged with fuscous ; head and patagia
pale brown or fawn ; thorax grayish-brown.

Front wing: Shades of pale olivaceous-brown or fawn, with a white
divided median stripe, ocellic spot, sub-apical costa markings, and inner
two-fifths of costa narrowly edged with white.

The brown shades are palest along the dorsum, below cell ;-between
median streak and costa ; above ocellic spot and in a narrow sub-marginal
area. The white median streak extends from base to end of cell and is
evenly divided its whole length by a narrow black line, a heavier black

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

line outlines the white streak below, and a less well defined one above.
The inner half of costa is minutely dotted with brown. The dorsal margin
from inner fourth to anal angle is distinctly marked with seven or eight
equally spaced black dots. Ocellic spot, a broad horizontal white bar,
with a luteous-white spot above and below it at each end; above and
below the bar is a narrow, short black line, and beyond the two outer
spots, two or three black dots. The outer two-fifths of costal margin
covering a quarter of the width of wing is a beautiful scroll-work of
geminate white lines, edged internally with black and enclosing three
small spots of ground colour; the outer spot double the width of the
middle one and the inner one but little more than an oblique streak, The
inner pair of lines from costa just beyond middle, obliquely to and
almost touching ocellic spot, the second pair are shorter and curve around
parallel to costal, enclosing middle ground colour spot and joining third
pair ; the latter entirely enclose the large outer ground colour spot, and
the lower line of this pair separates from its companion and dips down
beyond and defining the ocellic spot, thence curves upward into apex,
forming a white apical dash. Cilia long, whitish, finely speckled with gray
inwardly, followed two narrow fuscous lines.

Hind wing: Dark smoky-brown, cilia gray, with a darker basal
line. Abdomen above and tuft gray, below and legs whitish, tarsi shaded
with brown.

Three ¢, expanse 17 to19.5mm. One 9,18 mm. Regina, VL,

15 to 18, Macleod, VII., 2. Co-types, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8210, Mr.
Willing’s and my collections.

Allied to striatana, Clem., spiculana, Zell., argenticostana, Wl\sm.,
and clavana, Fern. Without any other characters a very easy means of
distinguishing these species may be found in the scroll-work on costa
before apex, which I purpose using later in synoptic tables ; the species,
all of which have the white or pale median streak, can readily be separated
as follows: The white sub-apical streaks of s¢vatana are broad, oblique and
nearly straight, the inner and apical are geminated, the middle pair entirely
separate. In spiculana the white costal streak runs into the inner pair,
and there is only one broad white apical dash. The costal streak in argenti-
costana continues clear to the apex as a narrow line, the streaks are
almost obsolete. C/avana,1I have not seen, the description only says

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

“ several oblique irregular streaks,” very indefinite, but as this species is
stated to have a double dark brown line below the white median streak, it
should be readily separated.

I have two other specimens from Verdi, Nev., which do not seem to
match any of the above and may be new, but await a larger series before -
describing.

Lhiodia tenuiana, W\ism.—One specimen, Regina, VIII., 13. This
specimen is rather badly rubbed, but compares closely with an example
so named by Prof. Fernald in the American Museum of Natural History.
It is not quite like Walsingham’s figure, which, with the closely allied
species arvana, W\sm., and minimana, W\sm., are very poorly drawn,
the descriptions are also so general that an actual comparison of the types
will be necessary to properly separate them. Vein IV. of hind wing is
entirely absent in this specimen.

Thiodia parvana, W\sm.—Three specimens, Macleod, VI., 29, and
Regina, VI., ro. I have but little hesitation in placing these specimens in
this species; they agree with Walsingham’s rather meagre description and
indifferent figure, except that the hind wings are most distinctly fuscous
rather than “ very pale grayish white.” Originally described from north
Oregon, and not recorded since.

Thiodia refusana, Walk.—Two specimens, Regina, VI., 18. I feel
certain of this identification, although both Walker and Walsingham’s
descriptions very inadequately describe this beautiful species. It closely
resembles Hucosma circulana, Hbn., but can be quickly separated by the
¢ costal fold of the latter. The Regina specimens are yellowish-brown,
or ‘‘ cinereous-ochreous,” except along the costa, which is whitish. The
metallic lines are a dull leaden metallic, and form an almost perfect
circle, involving nearly the entire outer third. Within the lower half of
this circle is the ocellic spot composed of a cluster of velvety-black dots
on a white field, and bounded outwardly on both sides and through the
middle (vertically) by short metallic lines. In the upper half of the circle
are three horizontal rows of black atoms. Between the circle and costa
are a number of oblique metallic lines on a paler field ; and through the
middle of the wing, from base to circle, about one-third below costa, is a
paler, nearly whitish line. The descriptions of refusana apply much
better to civcu/ana, especially where the ground colour is stated to be

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47

‘*profusely irrorated with brownish scales,” If further examination of
Walker’s type in the British Museum should show that it has a costal
fold—the description states it is a $ —vefusana would fall as a synonym
of circulana, and leave our present species without a name.

Thiodia triangulana, sp. nov.—Head and palpi cinereous or ashy-
white, latter fuscous outwardly, thorax same, but posterior ends of scales
and patagia cinereous.

_ Front wing divided into three nearly equal triangles, by two oblique
fasciz ; the inner from dorsum at first quarter continuing obliquely two-
thirds across the wing, the outer from centre of costa to anal angle.

Costa almost straight ; outer margin oblique, 45°, straight in three
specimens, very slightly concave in the fourth; dorsal margin evenly
convex. III. and IV. of hind wing stalked from two-thirds to four-fifths,
length of: stalk is not constant. ,

Fore wing: Ground colour varies from dead white to white with an
olivaceous tinge, with olivaceous-brown fasciz, spots and irrorations. An
inner narrow fascia arises from inner fourth of dorsum and points towards
the inner of the three pre-apical costal spots, but ends abruptly just above
middle of wing ; itis more sharply defined outwardly than basally, and
its outer margin is indented just above dorsum. The basal triangle
within this fascia is thinly irrorated with the dark colour, more concentrated
in a narrow line on costa, extending nearly to outer fascia and along the
dorsal margin ; below and paralleling the costa are a row of dots, dupli-
cated in a shorter row below middle; between these are three faint
horizontal lines, the lower one the most distinct, and in some specimens
continuing outward, defining upper end of inner fascia, through outer
fascia and ocellic spot. The outer fascia begins on costa and terminates
in anal angle, before and defining ocellic spot; its inner edge is less
sharply defined than its outer, and is nearly straight, being sharply
indented below middle by a narrow spur of white ; the outer edge curves
outward as far as middle of wing, and below is sharply indented by the
white ocellic spot. The basal triangle, thus enclosed, is crossed _hori-
zontally by faint lines of the dark colour, between the veins, the Jatter being

white ; the dark colour forms a shade along the dorsum and in one (the
freshest) example a small spot on dorsum at outer two-thirds.

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The apical triangle, above the ocellic spot is the whitest part of the
wing, irrorated with fuscous below and interrupted on costa by three well-
defined, large costal spots, the outer the largest ; a line of pure white sur-
rounds these spots on all sides except the costal. The ocellic spot
occupies the lower half of wing, bounded outwardly by a narrow, irregular,
silvery-metallic line, beyond which are two to four small black dots, the
spot is white and is crossed horizontally by a row of dark dots above, a.
faint line and a dark shade below ; the silvery-metallic outer line, in some
specimens continues around below the spot and up on its inner edge,
almost completely encircling it. Before the cilia is a pure white line,
from just below apex to dorsal margin and before this is a slightly wider
fascia of the dark colour, which continues into the apex. Cilia white,
lightly dusted with the dark colour. Ss

Hind wing: Smoky, fuscous, rather shining ; cilia pale fuscous, with
three very narrow basal lines, middle fuscous, outer and inner, whitish.

Under side: Front wing, dark, smoky fuscous, paler along dorsum
and costal spots darker, faintly outlined with paler scales, a white dash

between outer spot and apex. Cilia same as above and preceded by a
pure white line. Hind wing, grayish fuscous, becoming darker at apex
and with one apical and two small costal dark spots. Cilia same as above.
Abdomen, above and sides grayish, below each segment black anteriorly, —
cinereous centrally and gray posteriorly, giving it a very striped appear-
ance, Legs: Femora, whitish gray, tibie and tarsi cinereous.

Described from four ¢’s. Expanse: 20 to 24.5 mm.

Two from Regina, VII., 18 and 20, and two Aweme, Man., VI., 209,
and IX., 31 (Norman Criddle). Co-types, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8206, Mr.
Willing’s and my collections.

Since writing the above I have received from Mr. Ernest Oslar,
several additional specimens, collected in Platte Canon, Colo., VIIL., 16,
and three specimens from unidentified material in U. S. Nat. Mus.,
collected by Dr. W. Barnes, Glenwood Springs, Colo., Aug. and Oct.
The latter are of bright ochreish-brown shades, Oslar specimens olivaceous-
gray. The maculation of all are the same; the species has therefore a
variation in colour, from ashy-gray, through the olivaceous-grays to a clear
ochreish-brown. (To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49

- - ———— —

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T.

BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA., N.-W. T.

_(Continued from page 28.)

[172. Hadena allecto, Smith.—The receipt of specimens of mactata
from the east has caused me to doubt the distinctness of ad/ecto. |

219. lV. havile, Grt.—I confused this with the foregoing species until
quite recently, so cannot state positively whether it is common or not.

From memory I should say at least not rare. I picked four out of my
series of twenty-five c/andestina and sent two to Prof. Smith as possibly
havile, but questioned their distinctness. He called them avi/e, and
added, “ The differences seem obvious enough in my collection. It has
the ground colour of primaries lighter, has a peculiar strigate appearance,
and lacks all the red-brown that occurs in clandestina.” I much regret
having confused the species, and being on that account short of material.
My specimens are dated June 16 and July 18. Light.

220. LV. atricincta, Smith.—Described from Calgary. The type is at
Washington. A few are taken almost every year at light and treacle,
though I have never seen it very common here in the hills. It was com-
paratively common near the mouth of Fish Creek (Bow Valley) in 1893,
and may be of frequent occurrence there annually. It may be more of a
prairie than a hill species, as I found it fairly common at treacle on the
Red Deer River, about 5¢ miles north-east of Gleichen, in a strictly open
prairie district, in the third week of June, rgo1. End of June and July.
A very variable species, some specimens being almost immaculate gray,
and others very strongly marked. A striking feature, and one not men-
tioned in the description, is that in most specimens, particularly the 2 ?,
the veins on primaries are conspicuously pale-lined. The t. a. and t. p.
lines are often well marked in blackish, and the orbicular may be quite
distinct. Secondaries generally smoky outwardly, occasionally pure
pearly white. They sometimes have a smoky transverse central line.
The species is figured with the description.

221. Chorizagrotis auxiliaris, Grt.—June and July.

222. C. introferens, Grt.—June and July. One specimen, Sept. gth.

223. C. agrestis, Grt —June and July. One specimen, May roth, and
another ‘Circa Sept. 9th.” Both dates seem exceptional,

February, 1905.

5D THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

224. C. inconcinna, Harv.—June. Have no July specimens, but it
seems quite fresh up to the end of June.

The above four species, though sc¢arcely to be met with at all some
years, are decidedly common in others, awxi/iaris being about the least
common of the four. They come to both light and treacle, and may be
found commonly in the daytime under loose boards and in similar situa-
tions. My material representing the group consists of about 150
specimens, the sexes being pretty evenly divided. I have always had
some difficulty in separating the first two and the last two species, a
difficulty in which I apparently do not stand alone. For instance, Sir
Geo. Hampson, in his Catalogue, treats zutroferens as a var. of auxzliaris,
and, incidentally, he places sovor in the same position. With Prof. Smith’s
aid, however, who kindly sent me.a named pair of each of the four from
other localities, with explanatory notes on their distinctive features, I
think I have my series of awxi/iaris and introferens satisfactorily placed,
though I still fail to be able to draw any line between agrestis and
inconcinna. Touching the first two, he says: ‘‘ They are not really
‘difficult with a good series of each, provided you first separate the sexes,
for, curiously enough, the @ @ of one species tend to resemble the ¢ ¢
of the other. The ¢ ¢ tend to a reddish shade and sharp markings ; the

? ¢ to gray and obscurer types. Awxil/iaris g has a clear bright costa]

region ; in the @ it tends to become concolorous, like the ¢ of zutro-
ferens.’ Taken as a whole, awxi/iaris seems to have the markings more
clearly defined, show greater colour contrasts, and have a very conspicu-
ously pale costa and collar. Jntroferens appears more sordid, browner,
and has a much less contrasting costa, otherwise the maculation seems
practically the same in the two species. But I have an almost intermedi-
ate series, though certainly leaning nearer to introferens, in which the
colours are often rather bright and collar and costa suspiciously pale.
Two ¢ ¢ of this series have, however, been labelled ‘‘ zutroferens, very
like the average Colorado specimens.” I am not aware that either species
has ever been carefully bred. ‘“Agvestis and itnconcinna,”’ writes Prof.
Smith, ‘‘ are much less satisfactorily separated, and some examples seem
as well placed with one as with the other name. ‘They wili never be really
defined until a batch of eggs from a known 9 has been bred to maturity.”
I have tried boxing 9 2, but failed to induce them to lay. I see the
larva of agrestis has been described by Dr. Dyar, and the description is

_

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51

given in Hampson’s Catalogue. I take it that typical specimens of
imconcinna are more or less unicolorous, reddish-brown, the dark inferior
portion of the reniform being the only really conspicuous marking, while
agrestis is more variegated with distinct maculation. The latter species
is immensely variable, and as I admit inability to make any really
satisfactory separation of ¢zconcinna the real range of variation in that is
impossible for me to state. Grote described his agres#/s as a variety of
auxtliarts.

225. C. terrealis, Grt.—Very rare. One g and four 9 9 have been
taken. Two 9? 9 July 6th, 1896; another Aug. 23rd, 1901; a ¢ July
5th of the same year, and a 2 on June 30th, 1904. Prof. Smith has the
6 and has seen three ofthe 9 9. He says: ‘“Itis not the typical
form, and comes from an unexpected locality ; but the species of this
genus are all widely distributed, and in the essential points agreement is
sufficiently close to make me feel safe in the name. The typical form is
more red-brown and the costal margin a little paler.” My specimens are
very dark brown, faintly tinged with chestnut. In one, the darkest, the
maculation is obscured and the reniform rather faintly outlined in whitish
and produced along median vein towards the orbicular, a character I can
find in no other specimens of the genus. The other two have distinct
maculation, and the discoidals, particularly the reniform, are conspicuously
outlined in whitish, and are much paler centrally than ground colour. In
none of them is there any sign whatever of a paler costa. The description
in Sir George Hampson’s Catalogue is, ‘‘ Dark fuscous brown....the
costal area brick-red,” and in the figure this latter feature is as conspicu-
ous as in auxi/iaris, though, of course, the colours are different. Itseems
by no means improbable that the Calgary form is another species.

226. C. balanitis, Grt.—Has been rare of late years, but I have seen
it very abundant, and then it was a bad pestat treacle. In 1894, near the
mouth of Fish Creek, it positively swarmed. I have certainly seen
Noctua clandestina in greater numbers, but not at treacle. I don’t think
I exaggerate when I say that on each of two consecutive nights in early
July of that year,I could have captured two thousand on not more than
forty treacled posts. That was one of my earliest experiences of treacling
in the Northwest. I never saw anything to equal the sight before, and
though I have on one or two occasions since seen treacle almost or quite
as prolific, one species has not so largely predominated. June to middle
of August.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Or
bo

227. Rhizagrotis flavicol/is, Smith.—Sometimes fairly common. July
and August. The collar and costal region appear to be either ochreous
or reddish, irrespective of sex, and in some ? ? gray, but I have no
similar ¢ ¢.

228. Feltia Hudsonit, Smith.—(Can. EnT., XXXV., p. 130, May,
1903). Named after Mr. Arthur F. Hudson, who does a consider-
able amount of collecting in this district. The type, a Calgary specimen,

is at Rutgers College, and two 9 @ co-types are in my collection. Prof.
Smith says in the description, “ It is decidedly smaller (than subgothica)
more slenderly built throughout, much paler in colour, with white
secondaries in both sexes. The antennz of the ¢ are less obviously
‘‘brush-like”’ than in the allies, and, altogether, the new form is perhaps
the best defined of any in this series.” I believe it to be a good species,
though I for long confused it with szdgothica. It averages smaller,
though I have specimens of swdgothica just as small. The build is lighter,
and the insect has a more flimsy appearance. The antenne are a little
finer in both sexes, but I do not seem able to rely upon this as a distin-
guishing feature. The secondaries are smoky outwardly, as in the older
species, but their ground is pearly-white instead of cream-coloured. I
have, however, two ¢ ¢ from Victoria, B. C., which have secondaries
almost as white as Hudsoniz, but the stouter build of the specimens and
darker colour generally place them with swbgothica. I have seen it
common at light with swdgothica. End July and August.

229. F&. subgothica, Haw.—Common. Middle July and August.
At light, treacle, and sometimes on flowers in daytime.

230. F. herilis, Grt.—Usually rare. End July to middle August.
Light and treacle. The species agrees with figure of Aezz/is, in the
November number of Can. Env. for 1895.

231. &. venerabilis, WWalk.k—Common at light, treacle, and some-
times on flowers in daytime. Have occasionally bred it from ‘* cutworm ”
larvee found in gardens. Middle August to end September, The name
is as given me by Prof. Smith some years ago, and ¢ specimens in my
series are exactly like Ir. Holland’s fig. 26 in pl. XXII. under that name,
though the figure is stated by Mr. E. J. Smith in Ent. News, XV., 221
(June, 1904), to be that of voludilis. My 9 @ are all darker than Dr.
Holland’s fig. 23, vo/wbi/is, and none have the round orbicular, Of Sir
George Hampson’s figures of the ¢ g of both, my species is most like

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53

that of vo/ubi/is, but has a very much more elongated orbicular, and is
not so dark in colour. I have ¢ 4 sent me as voludilis from Chicago,
which are almost exactly like my species, but a little darker. Some
Calgary specimens have the secondaries equally dark, but this is a very
variable feature. My difficulty lies in my ignorance of the distinguishing

points of the two species.

232. F. Vancouverensis, Grt.—A single ¢, dated June goth, 1897,
agrees fairly well with Vancouverensis that I have from Victoria, B. C.,
but is rather paler and not so heavily marked. The specimen is slightly
rubbed.

233. £. obliqua, Smith.— (Can. ENT., XXXV., 5, p. 127, May, 1903).
Not common. At light and treacle. June. Described from Calgary.

The type is at Rutgers College, and I have two ¢ co-types. Rather
hke the preceding species, under which name I had it fora long time.
Compared with that it is more unicolorous, and entirely lacks the purplish
shading and the dark shade preceding s. t. line.

- 234. Porosagrotis catenula, Grt.P—I have three ¢ ¢ and two ? 9
of a species to which Prof. Smith gave me this name some years ago.
Dr. Fletcher, however, tells me that they are not a bit like catenuZa in his
collection. My specimens are much more like Dr. Holland’s figure of
vetusta than Sir Geo. Hampson’s of catenu/a, and of Sir George’s descrip-
tion, agree rather with the former. I fancy the Calgary species is rather
more common on the plains than in the hills. At light, treacle and sun-
flowers. End July and Aug.

235. P. mimadlonis, Grt.— Very rare. Middle July to middle Aug.

236. [P. orthogonia, Morr.?|—A ¢g dated Aug. 22nd, 1895, taken at
iight, was so named, doubtfully, by Prof. Smith. It does not appear to
be the same species as a Q sent me by Dr. Barnes, labelled ‘ So. Utah.”
The Calgary specimen is badly rubbed, but I am unable to associate it
with anything else in my collection.

237. Euxoa rumatana, Smith.—(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX.,
203, June, 1903). Described partly from Calgary material. The type is
from Volga, S. Dak., and is at Rutgers College. Rather like m/vet/inea,
under which name I had it for years, but differing chiefly in having dark
margined secondaries, Very rare. August.

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

238. £. plagigera, Morr.—Not common. Light and treacle. July

and August.

239. £. olivalts, Grt—Common some years. July to middle Sept.
My specimens entirely lack the pale contrasts shown in Holland’s figure,

and the costa is scarcely paler than the rest of the wing.

240. £. maimes, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXV., 5, 131, May, 1903.)
Described partly from Calgary material. The type is a Calgary specimen,
and is at Rutgers College. It stood for years in my collection, and was
sent out as Aidingstana, of which it appears to be the northern represen-
tative. In the description, comparing it with that species, Prof. Smith
says, ‘‘it is smaller, darker, less powdery in the 2 9, with rays on the
veins even less marked-............ In the @ ? the distinction is well
marked, that of maimes differing little from the ¢, while in Ridingsiana
all the examples of that sex are paler, more ashen, dusty gray, with less
contrasting maculation.” Common some seasons. End July to middle
August.

241. &. pugionis, Smith.—Described partly from Calgary material.
The type is from Coforado and is in the U. S. National collection. Form-
erly confused with ffavidens. Comparing them, Prof. Smith says in the
description, “ In the new form the general colour is lighter, the contrasts
are much greater, and the secondaries are pure white.’’ In several of my
specimens, however, the secondaries are distinctly smoky on the outer
third, or even outer half. Rare. August and Sept. At light and flowers.

242. E. cogitans, Sm.—A fine ¢ at light. August 13th, 1903.
Prof. Smith says, ‘A little smaller and not quite so well marked as my
Colorado specimens, but the same, I think.” Sir George Hampson treats
cogitans as asynonym of choris, Harv., and 1 cannot be sure that his
figure of that species is not the same as my specimen.

243. E. perfusca, Grt.—A g. July 26th, 1900. Smaller than Prof.
Smith’s examples from W ashington, otherwise similar.

244. FE. punctigera, Walk.—Rather rare, and all my specimens but
one are 2 2, that one having been taken zz cop. It is redder than any
of my 2 2,andasa ¢ that I have from Regina, Assiniboia, is of much
the same shade, the colour difference appears to be sexual. I had the
name fi/udatis given me for this species, and have sent specimens out as
such. Zitudatis 1 have never taken here, July and August,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55

245. £. acornis, Smith.—Described from Calgary. An extremely
variable species in both colour and maculation. I have 23 ¢ ¢ and one
9, and no two are alike. The colour of primaries varies from pale
creamy-luteous to almost slaty-gray. The maculation is sometimes practi-
cally obsolete, at others quite distinct. The transverse lines may be either
geminate or single, and central shade distinct or wanting. The second-
aries have generally more or less of a smoky terminal or subterminal shade,
and sometimes also a median transverse line, but are occasionally pale
smoky throughout. The figures of the species in Ent. News, VI., ro (Dec.,
1895), and in Sir Geo. Hampson’s Catalogue are both good ones. The
type is at Washington. I have seen the species very common at both
light and treacle, but it has been a rarity of late years. Middle August to
middle Sept.

245a. EL. megastigma, Smith.— Described from two Calgary 2 9. I
suggested to Prof. Smith some years ago that, judging from the descrip-
tion, this seemed to be a var. of acornis, and he said he believed I was
right. Though he lists it as distinct, he tells me he is still of the same
opinion. I have no specimen in my collection named by him, and have
nothing like Sir Geo. Hampson’s figure of megastigma, which does not
look to me like. acornis, the space between discoidals being too dark,
besides a general dissimilarity. The figure, however, is taken from the
type, which is in the U. S. National Museum. Aug. 24th, Sept. rsth.

246. £. scandens, Riley.—A single ¢ in fine condition, taken by Mr.
T. N. Willing at the Calgary town lights,on Aug. Ist, 1904, is evidently
the same species as scandens sent me, named, from Chicago and from
Cartwright, Man.

247. £. vulpina, Smith.— Described from Calgary. I have two fine
6 6, all I ever saw besides the type. The figure in Ent. News, VI., No.
10, Pl. XV., is a good one, though in that in Sir George Hampson’s work
the maculation seems much too distinct. Both figures are of the type,
which is in the Museum at Washington. The species is quite even in
colour in both primaries and secondaries, and, except for the faintly pale-
ringed discoidals, almost immaculate. It might be taken for an extreme
form of imca/lida, but has more hairy thoracic vestiture. This fact,
coupled with its later date of appearance, convinces me of its distinctness.
Sept. 2oth, Oct. 3rd and 15th, in different years.

248. £. vall/us, Smith.—Described from a single ¢ from Laggan
(B. C. in error), 5,000 ft. (Thos. Bean.) The type is at Washington, and

56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Sir Geo. Hampson’s figure of it is unlike anything known to me
Sept. oth.

249. &. pleuritica, Grt.—Sometimes common. Prof. Smith says of
a series I sent him, “‘ Darker than normal, and much tending to messoria.
Did the darkest example come to hand alone I should put it with messoria
without question.” I am not aware that I ever took messoria here, but have
a few specimens from Eastern and Western States, from Vancouver Is]. and
from Manitoba. Its resemblance to p/euritica is less apparent in a series

than when single specimens are compared. Zessoria has a duller, grayer
appearance, and secondaries are paler. /leuritica has generally both
ochreous and rusty tinges, not present in any of my messoria. End June
and July. Here I must mention that in this species, as in several others
of the genus, there appears to have been, at some time or other, a serious
error in association of type labels, or else wrong .identification of types.
Sir Geo. Hampson’s figure of zuzsignata, of which the types are in the
British Museum (Nova Scotia specimens) is, I should say, without doubt,
the species treated here as No. 248. Jnsu/sa (type from Vancouver Isl.)
is given as a synonym of messoria, of which the type is at Boston. The
latter species is figured only by a very poor wood-cut. Decolor, of which
neither the locality nor present location of the type are given, would seem
to have been correctly identified as one of the forms of what has long been
known in North America as imsu/sa. The matter requires probing to the
bottom by those who have access to the older collections. Many of
Walker’s types are, I believe, impossible to identify with certainty.

250. £. incallida, Smith.—Used to be very common at light and
treacle, but has been almost entirely absent of recent years. An enor-
mously variable species, chiefly in number and intensity of markings.
Some specimens are wholly suffused with black scales, and others are’
dark smoky-brown. Prof. Smith originally gave me the name /utu/lenta
for this species, and referred izca//ida (in MSS.) as a synonym. Sir Geo.
Hampson called my species ¢zca//ida, and Prof. Smith tells me now that
he is right, and that /u¢u/enta is a good species. Of this he sent me an
example from Glenwood Springs, Colo. This, from the predominance of
pale markings, looks quite different from any of my series of over 50
incallida from the Northwest, but is not at all like Sir George’s figure,
which I can fairly well duplicate. I have a long series from Cartwright,
Man., from Mr. Heath (supposed to include 5—-/imea, probably a synonym,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57

according to Prof. Smith) which, as a whole, are smaller, less powdery,
and lack that faint ochreous tinge present in all Calgary specimens. In
fact, Sir George’s figure of zmca//ida resembles the Manitoba form, whilst
that of Zutu/enta is much nearer the Calgary series. The two series look
more distinct than many recently closely described species in the
NVoctuide, though the constrast is hardly apparent when single specimens
are compared. However, I think it probable .that, were more known of
the geographical variation of this, as of so very many other poorly-defined
forms, we should find that it had more synonyms already than have ever
been suggested. Middle July to middle Sept.

251. &. Laggane, Smith.—Described from Laggan (B. C. in error),
one f (T. E. Bean). The type is in Washington, and is figured in Can.
Ent., XXXII., Pl. 5, and also in Sir Geo. Hampson’s Catalogue, PI.
LXIV. The figures bear no resemblance to one another whatsoever.

252. &. testula, Smith.—The type isa Calgary Z, and isin the U.
__§. National collection. It seems to bear no date. I cannot recall the
specimen, but from Sir George Hampson’s figure I strongly suspect that it
is a form of acornis.

253. £. difformis, Smith.—A single ¢ at light, Aug. 16th, rgor,
which Prof. Smith thinks must be this species. It is, however, not at all
like Sir George Hampson’s figure of the type.

254. £. recticincta, Smith.—Described from a single 2 taken at
light, August or September, 1894, and figured with the description. It
still remains a unique. When more 2 2 of acornis come to hand, this
may prove to be a form of that very variable species. The type is in the
Washington Museum.

255. £. holoberba, Smith.—Described from here. Very rare. July.
Treacle. The type is at Washington, and is figured in Can. Enr.,
Ae, No. 8, Pl. 5.

256. £. objurgata, Smith.—I have taken ¢ specimens so named by
Prof. Smith, and have two or three others which uaquestionably fit into
the series. To my eye, however, the form is poorly defined, coming from
a group of over 70 specimens which have long been a puzzle to me, and
to individuals of which Mr. Smith has at different times given me different
names. For instance, I am unable to separate one of my co-types of
pestula from Calgary so-called objurgata. I may be wrong, but feel sure
that some of these species can never be separated without the most

February, 1905.

58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

careful breeding. Middle July and early August. My specimens in no
way resemble Sir Geo. Hampson’s figure, which has far more black
markings. Odjurgata was described from Pullman, Washington, and from
Dakota.

257. £. intrita, Morr.—Used to be fairly common at light in the
town of Calgary, and lower down the Bow near mouth of Fish Creek. It
seems to be less frequent in the hills, and of late years I have rarely met
with it anywhere. Prof. Smith originally cited the form as new, but
subsequently wrote: ‘‘I have associated it with examples of zwtrita from
Colorado and Washington. It is an obscure species.” I should never
have suspected that Sir George Hampson’s figure was the same as the
Calgary species, and am inclined to doubt it. July and August. Jntrita
was described from Vancouver Island.

258. E. mollis, Walk.—Two specimens only, both I think taken here
in the hills. One, in 1894, is in the collection of Prof. Smith; the other,
also seen by Prof. Smith, July 25th, 1895, is a ¢ in my own. My
specimen is not quite like Sir Geo. Hampson’s figure; but may be the
same species. A 9 taken at light on Sept. 3rd, 1904, is smaller, darker,
and less clearly marked, but nearer to this than anything else I know.

259. &. reuda, Streck.—A single ¢, Aug. 10th, 1896. Damaged in
mails. Prof. Smith calls it ‘‘ vezda, rather a well marked form.” It is
not unlike Sir Geo. Hampson’s figure, and may be the same species. I
do not, however, recognize the form amongst a number of Euxoa sent me
unnamed from Vancouver Island, supposed to contain reuda.

260. #. rena, Smith.—Used to be common at treacle, but very rare
of late. I have specimens very like Sir George Hampson’s figure (except
in colour, which, be it said, in those plates is often very misleading).
Middle July and August.

261. £. insulsa, Walk.—The species hitherto known by this name in
N. America is one of the most regularly common of the genus here, but
insuls@ is treated by Sir George as a synonym of messoria. I have
specimens approaching to, but not quite so contrasting as Hampson’s
figure of decolor, Morr., by which name the species may perhaps have to
be known, if Sir George’s diagnosis proves correct. A Manitoba series
shows a much wider range of variation than the local captures. July and
August. Light and treacle.

262. &. albipennis, Grt.—Fairly common some years at light and
treacle. August and September.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 59

263. £. tessellata, Harr.—Not common. Treacle. July to middle
August. Exceedingly variable. I have ¢ gin which there is a tendency
to a paler shade on the costa, especially near the base. These bear a
resemblance to some forms of zordica, insomuch that I have sometimes
confused them. Vordica, however, besides being larger, seems always to
have a bluish-gray ground colour, which this species does not possess.
Prof. Smith has repeatedly seen my species, so there cannot be much
doubt that it is the one designated in North American lists as fesse//ata.
Sir George Hampson, however, recently had specimens from me, and
says: ‘‘What you send as fesse//ata, Harr., I should call a dark variety of
messoria. It is identical with the types of zzsu/sa and expulsa, Walk.”
Lnsulsa, as I mentioned under that head, and exfu/sa, he considers
synonyms of messoria. His reference of my No. 263 to messoria is
puzzling. Moreover, in Vol. IV., p. 258, of his Catalogue, the type of
Walker’s zzsignata is stated to be in the British Museum, and is treated
in the text as a synonym of fessellata. Yet, on p. 269, insignata, also
Walker’s species, and in the Museum, is treated as a prior name to
pleuritica, soit would appear that Walker attached zzszgnata type labels
to different and generally dissimilar species. Taking the names as they
now stand in our lists, whilst it is conceivable that bad or poorly marked
specimens of fesse//ata and insu/sa might be confused, or, still more easily,
of pleuritica and messoria, it seems hard to understand that either of one
pair could be mistaken for either of the other. Yet it is a noteworthy
fact that each of the names, zusulsa, expulsa and insignata, have been
applied to one or both of each pair. Of the four species, messoria is the
only one not yet recorded from Alberta.

264. #. focinus; Smith.—(Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XI, 7, March,
1903.) Described partly from Calgary material. ‘‘ It is the species,” says
Prof. Smith, ‘‘that I have mistaken for /rzadz/is in collections, and have
so named for correspondents.......... It is an ally of fesse/lata, but
grayer and narrower winged, with larger ordinary spots.” Ihave one f
and seven 2 ? bearing his own labels, but none of them bear any
resemblance to what he has named /esse//ata for me. Both this and the
following species, however, look to me like zordica without the black
markings. A parallel variation is found in ochrogaster (vide infra). How-

ever, I have not yet heard of mordica from elsewhere in the range given
for focinus, viz.: Pullman, Wash.; Glenwood Springs, Colo., and Cali-
fornia. The type is at Rutgers College, but I am not sure whether it is a
Calgary specimen. Rare. July and Aug.

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

265. £. pestula, Smith.—(Can. EntT., XXXVI., 150, June, 1904.)
Described from twenty Calgary specimens. July, Aug. and early Sept.
Of these, 4 ¢ 4 and 8 9 2 are in my collection, all bearing Prof. Smith’s
own labels, 1 g¢ and 4 9? 9 being labelled “‘co-type.” Prof. Smith says in
the description, ‘ The relationship is to messoria, because of the obvious
median line ; but also to ¢esse//ata because the space between the ordinary
spots is darkened. It is one of the group containing zmcubita, terrenus and
pleuritica, differing from each as much as they do from each other.” My
remarks under o4jurgata, focinus and nordica should be here referred to.

They comprise a ‘‘ bunch” containing from seventy to eighty specimens
at present in my collection, and, I fancy, over thirty more in that of Prof.
Smith, which, though I have studied them through eleven seasons, have
always been, and are still, a perfect puzzle to me, and certainly have been
in the past to Prof. Smith also. It is with profuse apologies to him that
I feel bound to state in explanation that I have no less than ten so-called
specific names which he has either directly given to or suggested for different
specimens of the group. I do not include servitus (vide infra), which I
feel sure was a slip, nor ¢esse//ata, which I have more than once placed in
the true zordica part of the group myself, but for which he was in no way
responsible. Iam quite unable to separate some of the specimens bear-
ing his label, including co-types, of pestuda from focinus and objurgata
labelled by him. If there is any distinction, I can only recognize it
between these and zordica by the existence in the latter of black mark-
ings. All three of the newer names (2. ¢., except objurgata, one specimen
of which I believe is a unique, as far as my collection is concerned) refer
to enormously variable forms (?), and festuda and focinus can hardly even
refer to varieties for that reason. Prof. Smith has, at different times, seen
every one of the specimens I have referred to, except a few taken during
1904, and recently he saw over seventy of them all at once, so he should
understand at least as much about them as I do, and it is not for me to
sink any of the names. The group used to be fairly common, and eight
or nine years ago I must have sent out some numbers, but of late years
they have been so rare that I have never cared to risk spoiling 9 9? on
the chance of getting eggs. The type of pestu/a is in Prof. Smith’s
collection.
266. £. basalis, Grt.—Common. July and Aug.
(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61

PIERIS BRASSICAE.
BY ALBERT F. WINN, WESTMOUNT, P. QUE.

On September 4th I found, feeding’on leaves of Nasturtium, two
larve which I had never seen before, and which agree exactly with figures
and descriptions of the larvee of the “ Large White Butterfly ” of Europe,
Pieris brassicae.

Both of these larve succumbed to attacks of Hymenopterous
parasites, and while it is to be hoped that the rest of the larve in the
neighbourhood have shared the same fate, it is scarcely likely, as there are
large fields of cabbage. within a short distance of the place where the two
were found, and unless the winter kills them off, I fear we shall have
another immigrant to add to our list, and a most unwelcome one. Next
summer will tell the tale as to whether the species has established itself
permanently or not, and any specimens seen should be at once reported.

NOTE ON SOME GEOMETRIDA IN THE HULST COLLEC-
TION, RECENTLY EXAMINED BY DR. DYAR.

BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.

Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, in the Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of Washington, VI., No. 4, has given us a very interesting and
important paper on the Hulst collection of Geometride.

In this paper he has shown, from an examination of the type
specimens, that a considerable number of Dr. Hulst’s supposed species
are not really entitled to specific rank. Of course, any entomologist
describing as freely as Dr. Hulst did would be sure to make some mis-
takes and create some synonyms, and I have no doubt that Dr. Dyar is
perfectly correct in his judgment in the majority of cases that he cites.

When, for instance, he tells us that the types of Zhallophaga
fautaria and Tetracis hyperborea are specimens of the well-known
Anthelia nigroseriata, of Packard, we can readily believe it, because on
referring to Hulst’s descriptions we can see that nigroseriata must have
been the insect before him, and so we cross fautaria and hyferborea off
our lists, and it is the same in the case of most of the species with which

Dr. Dyar’s paper deals. But there are one or two cases in which, while
not doubting Dr. Dyar’s facts, I find I cannot accept his conclusions. In
these cases the Doctor’s determinations of the types seem to raise a real
difficulty. For instance, he tells us that the type of Somatolophia
umbripennis is a specimen (a single female) of A/cis Haydenata, and he
adds, “ Thus both genus and species fall.”

62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

+

Now, Hulst described Somatolophia umbripennis (Trans. Am, Ent.
Soc., XXIII., p. 350) from a specimen or specimens, he does not say how
many, from Colorado, and from the description I should have expected
his type to have been a ma/e, because he gives all the male characters in
the new genus he proposes for the species, and says not a word about the
female. He describes his genus Somatolophia minutely, telling us that
the male has zo hair pencil on the hind tibia, and has Zong pectinations
to the antennz, both characters at variance with the genus Aé/czs. He
also tells us that the rst and 3rd segments of the abdomen bear dense
dorsal tufts of hairs, and in his description of the species wmbripennis he
adds that the hairs on the 1st segment in that species are black. ,

Now, it seems to me absolutely inconceivable that Dr. Hulst could
have drawn up either the generic or specific description from a single
female Alcis Haydenata. It is quite true that in the brief diagnosis of
umbripennis there are many points of resemblance to Haydenata, and I
have many times gone over the description with specimens of Haydenata
in my hand, but I have always given up when I came to those dense
dorsal abdominal tufts, which certainly are not present in the slightest
degree in Alcis Haydenata.

The explanation suggesting itself to my mind is that Dr. Hulst had
other specimens before him when he drew up his description of 5S.
umbripennis, that he mixed with them this female Haydenata and that at
some later date the original male type in some way came to grief, leaving
only the female, which was not really ‘conspecific, to’ represent the species
in his collection. But the point I want to raise is this: Ought we to
strike out the genus and species on the evidence of a specimen marked
type when it is evident that that specimen was not the one from which the
original descriptions were made? For my own part I doubt the propriety
of doing this, so I shall for the present retain the names in the expectation
that sooner or later the genuine Somatolophia umbripennis will come to
light.

A similar case is that of Déastictis festa. Dr. Dyar says that the
type is-a specimen of the moth subsequently named by Hulst himself,
Deilinia pulveraria. Were the description of festa (Trans. Am, Ent.
Soc., XXVIL, p. 335) 1s manifestly that of a Dvastictis, not a Dezlinia,
and in this case, too, I am convinced that the specimen now doing duty
as type cannot be the one from which the species was described. For
the present, therefore, I retain D. pulveraria on our lists as a good

species and not a synomyn of festa. ‘The moth in question (pudveraria)
is not rare in the Kootenay district.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63

CORRECTIONS IN EVANIIDA, ETC.
BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, ITHACA, N. Y.

In Schletterer’s “‘Die Hymenopteren Gruppe der Evaniiden,” Annalen
d.k. k. Nath. Hofmuseum Wien, IV., p. 311, read ¢rochanterata, Cameron,
for trochanterica, Cameron. Page 338, the locality for Evania semirubra,
Cresson, should be Cuba. Page 118, in synonymy of Zvania, date 1829,
after ‘‘ Evania, Curtis,” should come the following reference: “ Brachy-
gaster, Stephens, Systematic Catalogue of British Insects. _ I. p. 343, 1829.
On page 143, under synonymy of Evania minuta, the same reference,
Brachygaster minutus, Stephens, should be put in after Zvania fulvifpes,
Curtis. In Dr. C. G. De Dalla Torre’s ‘“‘ Catalogus Hymenopterum,”
Vol. III., p. 1076, under Zvania, Brachygaster, Leach, Edinb. Encycl.,
1817, should be struck out and Brachygaster, Stephens, Syst. Cat. of Brit.
Insects, 1829, replace it. Leach, in the reference given simply under a
description of Lvania minutus, states as a synonym “ Brachygaster
minutus, Leach, Mss.,” which is not even an attempt, let alone sufficient
to establish a genus. So a corresponding change should be made after
Liiania minuta, Lamarck, on page 1082. Thus we have 1829 as the
date of establishment of the generic name “ Brachygaster,” but in 1826 it
was used for a genus of Diptera by Meigen. Hence it falis as ahomonym,

and as the genus is to-day recognized, I propose the change:

BRACHYGASTER, Stephens, name preoc. = SEMHODOGASTER, new name,

In plate I.. Dr. Schletterer, has represented (figs. 5 a—e) veins that are
atrophied and visible only as mere traces. This is apt to cause confusion,
as they are sc strongly drawn as to give the impression of distinct veins.
E. amazonica (fig. 5 e) can scarcely show a trace of an extra vein between
the transverse discoida] and transverso-medial veins. Such a condition is
not found in any Hymenoptera higher than Phytophaga, and Dr. Schletterer
must have mistaken a mere coloration for a trace of a vein. The more
correct figuration is shown in Kieffer’s “ Evaniide,” in Wytsman’s
“ Genera Insectorum,” plate I., fig. 7.

Kieffer, in Zeitschr. fur Hym. u. Dipt. III, p. 111, establishes
Pseudevania for E. trochanterata, Cameron, and marginata, Cameron,
without giving any characters. The two are utterly unlike and generically

February, 1905.

64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

distinct. Evania marginata is by far the most distinct, and from
Cameron’s descriptions and figures worthy of generic rank. So we will
call it the type of Pseudevania, while trochanterata falls back into
LEvania.

In Kieffer’s ‘ Evaniide” of Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, p. 2 and
elsewhere, I would call attention lest someone should not understand him,
that by ‘‘ Ashmead, State Board of Apric.,U, 5S. A;, Catal Tasoaeee
means Smith’s list of the insects of New Jersey. P. 5. Srachygaster
floridanus, Johnsoni, and Weithi, Ashmead, should be listed under genus
Fiyptia, as Dr. Ashmead placed them in their original descriptions. P. 6.
The absurdity of erecting Foeninze as a sub-family on the genus
Gasteruption is evident. It should be Gasteruptionine. Kieffer over-
looks Ashmead’s “ Classification of the Ichneumonoidea,” Proc. U. S:
Nat. Mus., rgot, in which this sub-family had already be recognized.

In Dr. Ashmead’s ‘‘ New Species of Evaniide,” Can. Ent., rgor, p.
303, Hyptia Johnsoni should have the locality Jamaica, instead of
Philadelphia.

EVANIELLA, n. gen.

Evania Neomexicana and £. Californica, p. 304, belong to a new
genus, which I shall shortly describe under the name Zvaniella. Here
also belongs and stands as type the species which Dr. Ashmead (p. 304)
calls unicolor, Say, but is not that species. Say’s description applies to
E. appendigaster, which could easily have spread into the interior with
the early settlers, inasmuch as it is parasitic on cockroaches.

Hypolacpus Viereckit, Bradley, Can. Ent. 35, p. 47, Dr. Mac-
Gillivray kindly points out to me is synomymous with Pferonus ventralis,

Say. It is identical in characters with Hyfo/aepus, to which it would run
in Dr. Ashmead’s tables. The value of the characters is doubtful.

The following typographical errors occur in an article by the writer
on the Genus laty/adus in Can. Ent. 35, p. 275: Page 277, under
heading 1, paragraph beginning “ Metallic blue” should be co-ordinate
with the first, and should end with a reference to (4). “4. Abdomen
more or less rufous” should have after it a reference to (6). Page 279,
“ Tusernenis, n. sp.,” should read ‘* Luzernensis, n. sp.”

j THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 65

NEW NOCTUIDA: FOR 190s—NO. 1.

BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.
MINOFALA, n. gen.

Head of moderate size, not retracted ; eyes round, hardly prominent,
yet distinct and of good size; front protuberant inferiorly, with a
roughened depression guarded by a sharp rim; palpi small, slender, not
attaining the end of the protuberance ; tongue weak, yet of moderate
length and, perhaps, functional ; antenna in the male with the joints a
little marked, ciliate rather than bristle tufted. Thorax oval, convex,
collar and patagia distinct but not uplifted; vestiture scaly ; no tufts;
legs moderate, of normal proportions, without spines, spurs or other
armature save the usual spurs of tibie. Abdomen cylindric ; well exceed-
ing the secondaries ; untufted. Primaries elongate triangular, apex well
drawn out, though not acute, outer margin oblique ; venation apparently

normal. Secondaries trigonate, proportionate.

MINOFALA INSTANS, 0. sp.

Ground colour a dirty, pale luteous, overlaid by smoky scales and
relieved by white scales. Head and thorax of the ground colour, lightly
irrorate with black scales. Primaries with all the maculation obvious; a
blackish, diffuse shade from the middle of t. a. line to outer margin above
the middle, forms the salient feature of the wing. Basal half line marked
by a geminate dusky spot on costa and by dusky and white scales below
that point. T. a. line geminate, much broken, defining lines dusky,
included space whitish, very irregular and with large angles. T. p. line
geminate, much broken, defining lines blackish, slender, included space
more or less white, well removed outwardly, abruptly bent from costa over
cell and obliquely incurved below. S. t. line very close to margin, white,
irregular, two little teeth on veins 3 and 4 reaching the outer margin.
_ The apex is pale and a dusky shade precedes the line; below is a pale
shade from reniform above a pair of sagittate spots which continue the
dark median shading and beyond which the terminal space is also dark.
There is a broken black terminal line. The fringes are long, luteous-gray,
cut with whitish. There is an obscure median shade line, obvious only
toward inner margin. The claviform is indicated by brown scales.
Orbicular small, round or nearly so, whitish, edged with black scales. The

February, 1905.

66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

reniform is obscured by the dusky shading and has no defining lines.
Secondaries whitish with a smoky outer border, an incomplete smoky
extra median line and a dark discal lunule. Beneath, primaries smoky,
paler outwardly, this lighter space crossed by two dusky lines. Second-
aries whitish, powdery, a little infuscated along the costa and outer
margin, with an outer dusky line and a dusky discal lunule,

Expands: 1.05 inches=26 mm.

HapitaT: Galveston, Texas, in May.

One male in good condition, from Prof. F. H. Snow, is the generic
and specific type. The general resemblance to Fala ptychophora, Gtt.,
is obvious, but this is a much smaller insect.

LEUCANIA PENDENS, DN. Sp. |

Ground colour dull reddish-luteous with smoky shades and powder-
ings. Head with smoky powderings. Collar with three transverse leaden
gray or smoky lines, of which the middle is narrower than the others, the
upper being just below the tip. Dorsum smoky, as is also a narrow sub-
marginal line on the patagia. The primaries have much the appearance
of unipuncta, with the strigate tendency of phragmatidicola. A smoky
streak extends along the median vein to the end of the cell and beyond
it between veins 4 and 5 to the sub-apical shade, into which it merges
beyond the t. p. line. The white dot at the end of the median vein is
included in this shading. There is a distinct black spot below the streak
at the place of the t. a. line. T. p. line consists of an even series of
black venular dots. The fringes are dusky. There is a vague dusky
shade on costa before the apex and another below it, leaving the apical
area a little lighter; but there are no strong contrasts. Secondaries
smoky, whitish at base, veins smoky, fringes yellowish. Beneath, pale
luteous, lustrous, disc and fringes of primaries dusky ; secondaries paler,
powdery along the costa.

Expands: 1.32 inches=33 mm.

HapitatT: Chokaloskee, Florida, in May.

One female in very good condition, from Mr. George Franck. The
species is obscure in appearance and has resemblances in all directions.
The most characteristic feature seems to be the dusky central streak
which extends, without break other than the inclusion of the reniform,
almost to the outer margin.

te he

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 67

EUCALYPTERA GIGANTEA, N. sp.

Ground colour white, overlaid by a creamy tint, uniform, lustrous.
Head, thorax and abdomen immaculate. Primaries with a black streak

through the centre, starting as a point in the cell near the base, extending
just above the median vein and broadening very slowly to near the middle

of the outer margin, but a little distance from it, where it ends somewhat
diffusely. Secondaries a little whiter than the primaries, immaculate.
Beneath powdery: primaries suffused with blackish along the costa and
through the centre ; secondaries with costal area dusky. The legs are
stout and very heavily clothed with hair.

Expands: 1.56 inches=39 mm.

Hasirat: Galveston, Texas, in May.

One male from Prof. F. H. Snow, in good condition ; but becoming
greasy. The primaries are narrower than usual, and that character, with
the large size, heavy body and simple maculation should make the species
an easily recognizable one.

LYTHRODES SEMILUNA, Nl. Sp.

Ground colour white, with a faint olivaceous tinge. Thorax mottled
with olivaceous scales ; defective. On the primaries the basal area is clear
nearly to the middle, then comes an olivaceous brown shade extending
from costa to inner margin, incurved, the inner border fairly defined, the
outer diffuse and shading into the ground to a point beyond the cell, where
another shade, starting from costa before the apex, curves inward and
again outward to the outer margin at vein 3.- This darker area also
lightens outwardly, leaving the apex of the ground colour, and the veins
through this area are also white. The ordinary spots are indicated ; the
orbicular by blackish scales on the inner shading, the reniform by a dusky
slender lunule at the end of the cell. Secondaries white, with a narrow
smoky margin. Beneath, primaries smoky, fringes white: secondaries
white, with an extra median and marginal dark band and a small discal
spot.

Expands: .8o0 inches 20 mm.

Hasirat: Cochise County, Arizona, April 8.

A single male specimen from Mr. George Franck. The body is
defective ; but the wings are in good condition and, while the markings
are really very different from those of all the other species, the character-
istic strigate appearance is obvious.

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

PHURYS CAMPANILIS, N. sp.

Ground colour of head, thorax and primaries a deep, dark bluish-
gray, the maculation smoky-brown or black. Head and thorax immacu-
late. Primaries, t. a. line a somewhat diffuse blackish outer line, preceded
by a somewhat indefinite orange line ; outwardly oblique, with outward
little teeth on the veins and incurves in the interspaces : t. p. line geminate,
the defining lines diffuse, black and irregular, included space broad, orange
in colour, conspicuous ; in course almost rigidly upright. The main part
of this t. p. line is really the orange centre, which is continuous; the
preceding Jine is broken and not well marked except on costa and inner
margin ; the following line is broader, well marked, expanding into an
oval spot in the sub-median interspace and again opposite the cell. S. t.
line seal brown, narrow, outwardly denticulate on the veins, incurved in
the interspaces, preceded by undefined paler shades. A series of terminal,
venular, blackish dots. Fringes ccncolorous. Orbicular wanting.
Reniform black, oblong, oblique, of moderate size, not weil defined.
Secondaries deep ochraceous overlaid by smoky, with a vague yellowish
median shade and a subterminal denticulate line, only recognizable on
close examination. Beneath, uniform tawny-yellow, with leaden-gray
fringes.

Expands: 1.40 inches= 35 mm.

Hasirat: Chokaloskee, Florida.

One male, in good condition, from Mr. George Franck. Most closely
allied in some respects, to P. ovadis, Grt.; but obviously distinct by the
irregular t. a. line and the vaguely marked secondaries.

PHURYS CAROLINA, N. sp.

Ground colour smoky-brown overlaid by violaceous gray. Head and
thorax immaculate. Primaries with the maculation evident in the male,
barely indicated in the female. T. a. line obscure, smoky-brown, diffuse,
even, outwardly angulate on the median vein. _T. p. line geminate, evenly
outcurved over the cell, then almost evenly oblique to the inner margin ;
the inner defining line is a narrow edging of brown scales which may be
traced through the full course ; the outer line is broader, deeper brown, a
little diffuse and at about vein 5 joins an oblique streak of the same colour
that extends to the apex ; the included space is yellow and also follows
the apical streak, only scattering yellow scales attending the real line to
the costa. The first appearance, therefore, is that of an oblique double
line from apex to inner margin, one-third from anal angle. S. t. line

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69

wanting. There is a narrow brown crenulate terminal line, emphasized by
better defined blackish interspacial dots. Orbicular wanting. The
reniform is a vague, undefined, oval, blackish spot. Secondaries dark
smoky brown, without obvious markings. Beneath, yellowish with smoky
powderings and an ill defined discal spot on all wings.

Expands: 1.36 inches=34 mm.

HasitatT: North Carolina, in August.

One male and one female ; the former in very fair, the latter in
defective condition. I have no recollection as to the source of the
specimens and no indication as to more exact locality. The difference
between the sexes is striking ; but whether it is always so I am not able to
say. The species belongs with g/ans, Grt., and flavistriaris, Hbn., which
is not the same as the flavistriaris of Guenee. I have notes on all the
type specimens in European Museums, but have been unable to get
material upon which I might base a revision of the species, some of which
are wrongly named in nearly all collections.

BOMOLOCHA HEULOA, Nn. sp.

Ground colour dull, dark smoky-brown, all the maculation obscure.
Head and thorax concolorous with primaries, not maculate; abdomen
with dorsum a little darker, the sides a little paler than secondaries.
Primaries with median lines narrow, just defined, black with a vague paler
edging outwardly. T. a. line upright, regular bisinuate. T. p. line at or
a little beyond the middle, roughly parallel with the outer margin, drawn
in below the cell, more or less outcurved above and below that point. S.
t. line punctiform, blackish, variably defined, a little sinuate. Terminal
line blackish, broken, sometimes not traceable ; fringes concolorous. The
orbicular is a small patch of black, elevated scales. The reniform is a
narrow curved line of such scales, outwardly with a vague paler shading.
Under the lens the surface appears flecked with metallic-blue scales.
Secondaries a little lighter than primaries and palest at base. Beneath
with a grayish tinge, powdery ; secondaries with a discal dot and traces
of a powdery median shade line.

Expands: 1.18-1.24 inches= 29-31 mm.

Hapitat: Cochise County, Arizona, in July.

One male and two females in passable condition, from Mr. George
Franck. As is usual in this genus, the male is a little larger and more
robust than the female, and also a.little more sordid in colour. The

primaries are distinctly angulated at middle of outer margin in all the
specimens ; but in the females the angle is better defined and there is a

70. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

distinct excavation below the apex. In wing form, dark colour and
similarity of sexes the relationship is closest to B. toreuta, Grt.

HYPENULA CAMINALIS, DN. sp.

Ground colour smoky-blackish, with all maculation fragmentary and
obscure. Head, thorax and abdomen concolorous. Primaries with the
median lines denticulate, black, scarcely or not at all relieved from the
ground colour. T. a. line irregular, but on the whole nearly upright. T.
p. line rather evenly bisinuate. S. t. line very narrow, pale, irregularly
dentate. A very narrow pale terminal line and a series of preceding
black spots. The reniform is a narrow, upright, yellowish mark, scarcely
relieved. Secondaries with a dusky extra-median shade and a paler sub-
marginal line. Beneath, paler than above, .powdery, more yellowish
toward base, a common extra-median shade line and an s. t. line which is
pale, broken on the primaries and continuous on the secondaries.

Expands: 1.12-1.25 inches= 28-31 mm.

Hapirat: Cochise County, Arizona, June and July.

Two males and seven females; all in rather poor condition, from
Mr. George Franck. The species is obviously allied to acuminalis, but
is decidedly blackish instead of brown, and it lacks the white scales
characteristic of the Texan form. It seems also, on the whole, a little
smaller. The specimens had been papered and are all defective as to
legs.

RENIA RIGIDA, DN. sp.

Ground colour dull reddish-gray with a smoky shading which forms
the basis of the maculation. Head and thorax concolorous. From
the base to the median shade the primaries are of the reddish-ground and
contrast a little against the rest of the wing. The t. a. line is obscurely
indicated in the male, as is also the orbicular spot. The median shade is
broad, outwardly diffuse, makes the most conspicuous part of the macuia-
tion and extends rigidly oblique from the basal # of the costa to the same
point on the inner margin. T. p. line single, crenulate, somewhat diffuse
inwardly and merging into the dark median area, squarely exserted over
the cell, then very oblique inwardly to the inner margin. The reniform is
upright, narrow, dusky with a vague paler margin. S. t. line is a more or
less obvious black shading before a fragmentary pale line which is a little
irregular, but on the whole parallel to the outer margin in course. There
is a series of black terminal dots on the interspaces, where the margin is a
little notched. Secondaries a little more blackish in tint, without obvious

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. vk

maculation. Beneath powdery, primaries darker with a vague tendency
to reproduce the maculation of upper side: secondaries paler, darkening
outwardly ; with two smoky bands across the disk and, in the outer dark
space, a narrow, pale, submarginal line.

Expands: 1 inch=25 mm.

Hapitat: Oak Creek Canyon, Arizona, 6,000 feet, August.

One male and one female in fair condition, from Prof. F. H. Snow.
The species is one of the smallest of the genus and belongs with sodrialis
and /arva/is as well by general colour as by the angulated exterior margin
of primaries. It differs at once, however, in the very distinct, rigidly
oblique median shade as well as in the details of the maculation generally.
SIMPLICIA ALBISINUATA, 0. sp.

Ground colour deep smoky-brown, no contrasts except for the
sinuate, white s. t. line of the primaries. Head and thorax concolorous,
the abdomen paler. Primaries with the median lines vaguely traceable,
darker, irregular. S.t. line obvious or prominent ; pale or even white,
with an obvious incurve opposite the cell, else rather even. Terminal
line pale, narrow, sometimes obsolete, preceded by blackish lunules, the
fringes slightly indented. Orbiculara diffuse spot, a mere dot, or altogether
wanting. At its best with a bluish white certral dot. Reniform
large, kidney shaped, always in part obscure, sometimes a diffuse blotch,
usually with the inner margin marked by a few bluish white scales with a
blackish surrounding. Secondaries with an extra median paler shading,
vaguely marked ; the fringes a little paler. Beneath a litle paler and less
smoky than above, more powdery; with\a whitish, irregular s. t. line,
broken on the primaries and, on the secondaries, a somewhat obscure
median shade line and discal spot.

Expands: 1.38-1.50 inches=34-37 mm.

HapitaT: Cochise County, Arizona, July and August.

Three males and three females from Mr. Franck, all received in
papers and in more or less defective condition. In 4 of the examples
the apices of primaries are distinctly acute, in the others the wing is
broader, all the margins a little fuller and the apex not so obvious.

This ts the first occurrence of this interesting Central American genus
in our fauna and the species is evidently allied to aonia, Druce, recorded
from Panama and Guatemala. In the lists the species may be placed
next to Pa/this, with which the genus agrees in the exaggerated tufts of
the legs and palpi in the male.

12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

——_

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL.CLUB OF THE A. A. A: S.

A meeting of this club was held in the rooms of the American
Entomological Society in Philadelphia on Friday evening, Dec. 30, 1904.
Over thirty persons attended. The President, Dr. Henry Skinner, spoke
of the meeting of the Club held 20 years before in the Hotel Lafayette in
Philadelphia. Mr. H. A. Morgan was elected President and Mr. G. W.
Herrick Secretary for the New Orleans meeting. Dr. Skinner was elected
Permanent Secretary. The report of the Committee on a National
Organization of Entomologists was read and adopted. It provided for
the appointment of a committee which should communicate with certain
Entomological Societies, inviting each to add a member to the committee,
and when thus formed it should prepare a constitution, by-laws and plan
of work for an association of North American Entomologists, and call a
meeting in 1905. Dr. John B. Smith, Dr. James G. Needham and Prof.
C. P. Gillette were appointed on this committee.

The President spoke of the history of American Entomology,
especially of Thomas Say, and exhibited a set of albums belonging to the
American Entomological Society, containing the photographs of many
older as well as contemporary entomologists. All were invited to con-
tribute to these. Mr. Rehn exhibited numerous old and rare entomo-
logical works and editions. Dr. Cook stated that the Gundlach collection
was in an excellent state of preservation in Havana, where was also Poey’s
collection.

Dr. MacGillivray spoke of the Comstock-Needham system of wing
venation. He claimed that it represented the real homologies of the

veins inall orders. In practically all saw-flies the radial sector arose from
the base of the stigma, and what appears to be the base of the radial
sector from near the apex of the stigma in all higher Hymenoptera, but
he had recently proved that in reality the base of the radial sector has
been lost in the latter case, and the radial cross-vein has assumed its
functions. He showed that specialization had occurred by addition in
such orders as Odonata, and by reduction in Diptera, etc. The subject
was discussed by several members. Dr. Fernald complained of the
inaccuracy of the terms used in the question of mimicry. He placed on
the board a tentative table to classify such phenomena. Mr. Summers
put a similar table on the board. The subject was discussed at length.
Mr. Washburn then spoke of the attractions Minnesota offered to the
entomologist, and the meeting then adjourned.

J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Sec, pro tempore.

Mailed February 4th, 1905.

The € anadian ¥ontomotogist.

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, MARCH, 1905. No. 3

CONTRIBUTIONS TO- THE KNOWLEDGE OF NORTH
AMERICAN ARCTIIDA.—IV.*

BY OTTO SEIFERT, NEW YORK.

Arttia proxima, Guérin.—To obtain a feasible knowledge of the
extent and direction of variability in this species, extensive material was
procured by recrossing original broods and again their inbred progenies.

Some of the freshly-formed pupz thus obtained were either subjected
to treatment by excessive cold (—12° C. for two to three hours repeatedly),
_or kept at a temperature of about +4°C. for thirty days, while others
were exposed to + 38° C. for 100 hours. Gravid females were obtained
from Morelos, Mex.; Los Angeles, Cal., and several more through the
_ kindness of Dr. R. E. Kunzé, who took them at Phcenix, Ariz. The
female from Morelos deposited only a limited number of eggs by October
26th, which hatched November 5th, producing the form proxima, Guérin,
in December. The eggs from Los Angeles were obtained the latter part
of April, the imagoes appeared the beginning of June, all the males being
of the form autholea, Bdv.

_ The eggs of two females taken by Dr. Kunze at electric light, com-
menced to hatch October 18th. The larve were fed during winter on
Cichorium endivia and Lactuca sativa, var. Romana (Cos lettuce), this
diet being varied sometimes by winter-spinach. The rearing of the
progenies had, of course, to be accomplished at the regular temperature of
a dwelling room.

The larvz grew rapidly ; November 16th the first pupz were obtain-
_ ed, all others finishing their iarval state by December 1st ; the majority of
moths appeared from December 3rd to 15th.

Three successive inbred generations were then reared. Another
gravid female taken at Phoenix, April 18th, arrived at New York April
24th; the eggs hatched April 28th, and the final metamorphosis took
place from June 4th to 15th.

*Parts I., II. and III. appeared in the Journal N. Y. Entom, Soc., Vol. X,

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The course of development, as well as the general appearance of the
imagoes of all broods were practically alike. In its life-history, the
species differs somewhat from our eastern forms in moulting only five
times, and all the individuals of a whole generation passing their trans-
formations quite regular in about eight weeks, from the deposition of eggs

to perfect insects. The last larval stage has a prolonged duration and the
very restless larve at this period are inclined to attack and destroy each
other. The very active and erotic males of this and other species of our
N. A. Arctians manifest a decided inclination for uniformity of colour,
gradually eliminating the probably original black to finally uniform white ;
the conservative females apparently striving to retain and extend their
dark colour. More constant forms like virgo, even show in the male sex
a varying but decided paleness of the red colour of hind wings. In
closely related European and Asiatic genera the wings of the sluggish,
retrograde females are rudimentary. (Ocnogyna; Tancrea pardalina ;
Rhyparia leopardina. )

The tendency of the males to diffuse the light colour from the
probably original sources—the veins*—and its transmission by the male
parent seems to be constantly counteracted by the conservatism conveyed
by the female parent. The vacillating, but still aimed variability of some
of our more vital species, perhaps finds here its principal solution. In the
much-disputed zazs group, for instance, the females of the four distinct
species (all probably originally deriving from zais, but now distinct) are
recognized and separated from each other without the slightest difficulty,
while the males, striving finally towards uniform and light coloration, are
naturally bound to create resembling forms, merely by the two antagonis-
tic principles inherited from the male and female parents. To consider
these species as lingering in a status nascens might as well apply to all
variable forms.

Stimulated by high temperature, it seems with the males of proxima
that the black colour is gradually eliminated ; the process generally begins
with the area from 2nd to 4th transverse bands, which, widening in excess,
jeave (as far as the experiments reach) only two black irregular costal
marks and a geminate dot at interior margin of middle area, besides
traces of the black colour near base; the dorsal black maculation of
abdomen is almost entirely superseded by red and the black of terminal

* Dr. Chr; Schroeder, Zeitschrift f, Entom., July, 1904, p. 257.

.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75

segment by sordid white. Extreme cold, as well as prolonged low
temperature, with the males, seems to destroy or disintegrate the black of
the scaling near inner angle of primaries, reducing it near apex more or
less, leaving in extreme forms only a few costal spots and at base two
broad black dashes ; the hind wings losing besides the black marginal
spots even the pinkish abdominal margin.

The females are far less inclined to yield in regard to colour and
design to the stimulating influences of temperature. Heat mostly widens
especially the transverse anterior band, and the deep red of the hind
wings is changed to a much paler colour. Low temperature, namely
excessive cold, also affects the inner angle of primaries as in the male, but
in a far less radical manner ; while at the middle and basal area the black
predominates, replacing even the transverse bands; leaving only the
white submedian stripe with a trace of median line. The hind wings also
change to a paler colour and the maculation is reduced in Size.

Among the immense number of individuals reared, not a single male
was obtained with pinkish hind wings, or a female with yellow second-
aries ; though many specimens had the black maculation bordered by
pale orange, as is often the case with other species of the genus. Melanic
forms have a dusky shade cast over the white bands, often only the upper
part of primaries to median vein is thus affected.

The weakened condition of the inbred generations made itself evident
by an inclination to morbid diseases during the larval period and in
general smaller size and less intense colours of the moths.

Arctia proxima may be at once distinguished from its nearest relation
and neighbour, Arctia incorrupta, Hy. Edw. (Papilio I., p. 38*), by the
total absence of the basal half-band in proxima; besides, the “ median
vein is narrowly and continuously lined with white scales” in the latter
species (Neum. & Dyar, Revis. of Bombyces).

In size proxima varies not inconsiderably ; the offspring reared
from Los Angeles parenfs reaching 4.3 Cm. ¢ g, and 5.2 Cm. 9? 9;
Morelos and Arizona progenies from 3.5 to 4.2 Cm. ¢ g, and 3.7 to 4.7
Cm. ? @.

Male and female pvoxima mostly remain in coitu for about twelve
hours ; one pair even being unfortunate enough to be unable to separate

tina

*Probably by an error in proof-reading the text on page 39, Papilio, I., reads: ‘3
females, Prescott, Ariz.; 1 male, Dalles, Oregon.” Henry Edwards had no females of this
species. In his collection at the Museum of Nat. Hist., New York City, are 3 males
from Prescott, Ariz., and 1 male from Dalles, Oregon,

~I
exp)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

again. With many of our eastern species (virgo, phalerata, etc.) the .
pairing generally takes less than an hour.

A sound fertilized female lives about seven days, disposing of about a
thousand eggs at intervals, in loosely connected clusters or clumps of
more than a hundred eggs each, rarely in patches ; some liberated them-
selves of their whole stock of eggs in two large clumps ; others again, as
is often the case with virgo and pha/erata, resting on the under side of a
leaf and bending the abdomen downward, drop the eggs singly, occasion-
ally changing the place ; the eggs are dispersed considerably on account
of their springiness.

The eggs of proxima are in appearance like those of almost all of our
eastern species; rather bright, pale yellowish, more conical than rounded
(blunt cones) and measure at base about 0.7 mm. Magnified they show
essentially a like reticulation; the same is the case with the eggs of Arctia
incorrupta, and as Mr. Gibson (Can. Ent, Vol. XXXIL., p. 321) describes
the eggs of Arctia americana, Harris, also as pale yellowish and semi-
ovoid, it is interesting to compare the eggs of Arctia caja, L., from Europe,
which are decidedly rounded and apple green; while those of Arctia caja,
from beyond the Ural Mts., are described as pearly white (Berliner Ent.
Zeitschr., Vol. XLIX., Aug., p. 36).

The mature larva forms a voluminous resting place, with little spinning,
between moss or rubbish on the ground, changing after several days to a
dark brown or pale pinkish-brown pupa, which soon becomes covered
with bluish bloom ; pup remaining without this bloom will not develop.
The pupal rest extends from fifteen to twenty days; the females appearing
first, mostly in the morning.

The wide range of proxima still seems to be limited to certain
altitudes. In more southern regions the habitat of the moth may be
extended to far higher elevations than, for instance, at Phoenix, Ariz., but
it seems to avoid continuous severe cold.

All the females obtained from Dr. Kunzé and taken at Phoenix at an
elevation of about rroo ft. were Arctia proxima, Guérin, and with every
generation derived from these there were always nearly one third aztho/ea,
Bdv., as well as all intermediate forms to the one with marginal row and
discal dots of hind wings. At Prescott, Ariz., with an elevation of about
5400 ft., proxima seems to be replaced by Arctia incorrupta, Hy. Edw,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77

In “ Entomologica Americana,” Vol. L, p. 117, Dr. H. G. Dyar de-
scribes the preparatory stages of Arctia proxima; hence it would be useless
to refer again to the larval stages of this species, did not the rearing in
vast numbers reveal similar flexible and pliant endowments for the larve,
as it did in regard to the imagoes.

The larve in their earliest stages change their original whitish ground-
colour gradually to light yellow-brown or dull amber, and during their
growth toward maturity, to dull or dusky orange and reddish-brown.

At third stage brown pigment accumulating at first patch-like, mostly
near the bases of warts I. and II., forms a broad, brown subdorsal sphere
or band, in which the two warts are situated. The dull, dark coffee-brown
colour, spreading by degrees along the segmental folds to ventral region,
increases in extent and deeper shade with the growth of the larva. After
fourth moult (fifth stage) the larger, central part of segments from dorsum
toward stigmatal line and often beyond it, appears deep velvety-black ;
the dull, greasy brown colour spreading subventtally from the segmental
folds, sometimes at this stage overcomes the remaining orange ground
colour entirely ; mostly though reducing it to irregular, often confluent
patches, above and below the bases of subventral warts, thus appearing as
broken, irregular bands, even with the mature larve.

With their fifth moult the larve reach a length of 3.0 to 3.5 Cm.,
and feeding voraciously at this somewhat lengthened period, grow con-
siderably, reaching at maturity a length from 4.0 to 5.0 Cm. This rapid
growth naturally seems to cause a tension of the skin, and the dull, rather
greasy, dark coffee-brown colour, before more confined to the segmental
folds and subventral region, now prevails again and the velvety-black
appears reduced to large quadrangular patches, from which warts L, II.
and III. arise.

The dorsal stripe, rarely fully present with the mature larva, Is
generally retained on three first (thoracic) and two last (8th and gth
abdominal) segments as a fine, obscured whitish line. Fifth to ninth
segments have each one irregular, white to brick-red spot, much obliterat-
ed, mostly on fourth and tenth segment. Individuals entirely free from
dorsal line or spots are darker coloured even subventrally.

The warts of the mature larve vary from bright black to gray and
glassy bluish-white ; while subventra] warts are even sometimes orange.
The light coloured warts are covered with minute black dots, from which
the bristles are emitted.

78

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The bristles of wart III. turned upward are.black, those turned down-

ward foxy, or of the same variable reddish tint as all subventrai ones. At

third moult one single white bristle is emitted straightly from the centre

of this wart, not quite as long as the few white ones on eleventh segment;
at last stage this bristle appears more ochre and being weaker and more
slender than the adjoining ones, it may often be broken by the rapid
movements of the larvee,

The stigmata, just after moult, are white with black slit, but gradually
darkening in the vast majority of the larve to the variable brown colour

of subventral region.

_

ee

sé

CI ANY BS

9. ee
HOsw e's
Tare [a3
12. “ec
0 es
14. 66
15; ce
Gy. ages
Kjc Uh
Fost
fc are
2O>ad 15
21 S
Doe airs
gu!
iA aes
Biase fs
26, 66

ee

3 imago, 14,

4,

89;
19,
27,

6,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.

xil., normal.

xi, + 38° C., for 100 hours.
Vis; af
V1., at ef
Xs; ao “
Xli., 6“ 6c
vi., ee ¢
Vi, 6 “c

i, extreme cold.

xil., + 38° C., for 100 hours.
xil., extreme cold. _

vil., continuous cold,

Vii., : i

vi., extreme cold.

lil., continuous cold.

Vii., ae

Riles KE ss

vi., normal, 4th generation.
xil., + 38° C., for roo hours.
Xll., normal.

xiil., normal.

i., extreme cold.

Bika. whe Mt

Wa. Jy re Ms

Rilivs tagetes a

vi., normal, 4th generation,

Wo)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. if

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. Gy

How vo Insects Pass THE WINTER?
See faves FRETCHER; OTTAWA:

There are few things in nature quite. so remarkable as the hiberna-
tion of insects and animals in a torpid condition. That life should still
persist when animationis reduced so low, as must necessarily be the case,
with these small creatures in close contact with frozen substances or even
imbedded in solid ice, would be quite incredible, were there not so many
instances which can be examined by those who wish to do so, every day
throughout our long and cold winters. In fact, it may be said that the
intensity of cold has little or no effect upon insects which have prepared
themselves naturally to pass through their long winter sleep, and the
remarkable thing is that however low the thermometer may drop, if the
insect is in a healthy condition, it never actually freezes in the sense of
becoming hard and brittle. This, however, will take place if an insect
be disturbed and taken from the place where it had prepared itself for
winter, and such insects, if they do actually freeze, seldom or never revive.
If they do, they are, as a rule, seriously or fatally crippled. The coverings
made by some insects for their protection during the winter are sometimes
surprisingly slight, but are sufficient for their needs.

Anyone wishing to investigate this interesting subject can find
ample opportunity, for there is no time in the whole year when studies in
the lives of insects may not be carried on, and,not only will this work be one
of great fascination, but the exact knowledge as to the manner and stage in
which any species passes the winter may be of great value in suggesting a
method of preventing injury by a destructive crop enemy, or in protecting
or even introducing from a distant country a beneficial parasite. In the
north the long period of inactivity in which insects live through the winter
is known as hibernation, and there is a corresponding season in southern
arid regions known as estivation, in which also animation is to a large
measure suspended during the inhospitable season when all vegetation is
also at rest owing to drought and lack of moisture. An insect may pass
through these periods in any of its stages of development—as an egg, a
larva, a pupa, or in the perfectly developed form. In almost every
instance each species of insect has its own special habit in this respect.
Full details of the life-histories, with the duration of the stages, is lacking
with regard to many of our commonest and most destructive pests. This
information, however, is of great importance and presents a very wide and

March, 1905,

80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

little traversed field of useful work, which is open to the veriest tyro in the
study of insect life. In addition to this, many inaccurate statements have
been made and ofttimes repeated as to the life habits of common
injurious insects. Some of these errors have stood for years and have
only been disclosed by more careful observations being made on all. the
stages, whether it was thought they were necessary or not. Instances of
such faulty work may often be found in printed records of the time, place
and method in which the eggs are laid, the condition and situation in
which winter is passed and the duration of the various stages. Accuracy
as to every one of these facts is of the greatest necessity when devising a
practical remedy for those kinds of insects ‘which do harm. A practical
remedy is one which will do the work aimed at—effective/y, so as to pre-
vent damage to the crop; eas/y, so that people of ordinary intelligence
can apply it without danger of mistake, and cheap/y, so that the applica-
tion of the remedy may not cost more than the value of the crop to be
saved. The best remedy for a given crop pest must mainly depend upon |
how it will answer these three requirements, and the special work of the
economic, or practical, entomologist is to devise the best remedy possible
under varying circumstances. No remedy can be expected to give perfect
immunity from loss, any more than the best remedy in the hands of a
skilful medical practitioner can be expected to save every patient entrust-
ed to his care. In both cases there are many contingent circumstances
which may neutralize the effects of the best of remedies applied in the
best known manner.

The foundation of all safe generalizations must rest upon as large a
mass of proved facts as possible. In entomology, as in every other
branch of knowledge, proved facts are wanting concerning very many
common objects. I know of no more fertile field of useful work in the
study of insects than that which deals with the life-history of @ny species
in its home, including particularly its method of adjusting itself to its
surroundings. Such facts as will be brought out in this work are now
grouped together and spoken of as the ecology of a species. Ecology (or
more properly CEcology, the word being derived from the Greek ozkos, a
home) is as yet a rather unfamiliar word, but is so complete and express.

ive that it must surely soon come into more general use. A consideration
of the winter home of an insect and its manner of living there comes
naturally under this head. Information on the subject should be sought
for by careful personal observation, and to secure the best results each fact
as learnt should be noted down at the time, for future correlation and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81

ultimately for comparison with observations made by others. Nothing
not actually proved must ever be taken for granted. The true nature of
things should be sought for, not the confirmation of theories. By working
in this way every observation, however small it may seem to be, may be
of value in completing a life-history or correcting an error.

As stated above, the possibilities for useful work are unlimited, and
even the most inclement season of the year offers many opportunities.

At the present time much of Canada is covered with snow, and it may
‘be fairly asked what kinds of insects could now be procured for carrying
on these studies. Asa reply, let us take a short excursion over the fields
and swamps and through the woods. At Ottawa three feet of snow on the
level renders snowshoes just now a necessity, but what an added charm
is given by the exhilarating exercise thus provided. Starting with a
congenial companion on one of the sunny crisp days which make up so
large a proportion of our Canadian winter, supported on the light frame-
work of the snowshoes and stimulated by their rattle and the crunch of the
snow, let us pass easily over such obstacles as ravines, streams and rivers,
now frozen and still, over barbed-wire fences muzzled by a blanket of
snow, and let us make for the woods where, warm and sheltered from the
coldest wind, we can carry on our search at ease. But let us first of all
consider what we are likely to find. It is wonderful how many things
will turn up when we go out with a set purpose of looking for them.
Insects may be looked for in all stages and in almost any place.
To one who has never collected in winter, it will be a great surprise to find
how much may be done. Even among the butterflies, which are such

favorites on account of their beauty and because so few are injurious, there
are many gaps to be filled in as to the way they hibernate. We know a
good deal about many species ; but it must not be taken for granted that
every species, even, in the same genus, will behave in exactly the same
manner. Among those kinds of butterflies which may possibly be found
in winter during our rambles are the different Vanessians, such as the
Graptas, the two Tortoise-shells, the Painted Ladies and the Camberwell
Beauty, which should be looked for snugly tucked away in the deepest
recesses of some old hollow tree. In the same kind of places or under a
fence rail the chrysalids of some of our Swallow-tail butterflies
or of the Whites, and just possibly of a Thecla or Blue,
may be found. Every clump of grass sticking above the snow, or bunch
of dead jieaves on bush or tree should be examined. Among the grasses
or sedges the small larvz of the Satyrids and of some Skippers ‘pass the
winter, and the difficulty of finding them will only stimulate to closer
search. Some Skippers hibernate as pupze and may be found beneath old

82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

logs, chips of wood, or other objects, frequently covered with ice. In the
crevices of the rough bark of trees many treasures. may be looked for.
The cocoons of such species as spin up on the trunks of trees are as a
rule very difficult to distinguish from their surroundings because the
caterpillars when spinning gnaw off from the surface many particles which
they weave in with the silk, giving to the cocoon the exact appearance of
the bark of the tree. The Acronyctas and Ceruras, or Kittens, spin
cocoons of this nature. A dead leaf hanging on a hawthorn or apple tree
may direct our attention to the egg cluster of a Tussock moth, to the
larval case of the Apple Leaf-crumpler, Case-bearers or some other small
moths. On the fruit spurs or smaller twigs will be seen easily the beauti-
ful slender white cocoons of the Apple Bucculatrix, and, by closer search,
the short brown pseudococoons of the half-grown larve of the Eye-
spotted Bud-moth, or the similar true cocoons of Wefpticula pomivorella
may be detected. Much more conspicuous than these, cocoons of some
of the large Saturnians or Emperor moths should be found on any after-
noon’s tramp through the woods or orchards in most parts of Eastern
Canada. The larger number of the caterpillars, as a rule, spin up near
the ground among grasses or other low growth, but good cocoons, as well
as many which have been parasitized, may always be found high up in the
trees or bushes. On maples, birches and other trees around the edges of
woods the large irregular cocoons of Cecropia will catch the eye, as
well as the smooth, oval cocoons of Polyphemus. On lilac bushes in

gardens, or on ash trees, sometimes half a dozen at once, the hanging
cocoons of Promethea may generally be easily obtained. Strange to say,
all of these large cocoons may be more frequently found on shade trees in
streets than in the woods. ‘This is.possibly owing to the females having
been attracted to street lights in the vicinity and having laid their eggs on
the trees.

In passing through an orchard, many eggs of moths, as well as of
other insects, will reward the keen observer. The eggs of the Tent Cater-
pillar moths will show, when examined under a lens, that the tiny cater-
pillars were fully formed and able to move inside the egg-shells before the
winter cold set in. If an egg cluster is taken into a warm room and the
eggs then opened, the young caterpillars, when taken out, move awkward-
ly, like young kittens taken from their warm nest before their eyes are
open. The eggs of the Cankerworms may also be found with the above,
as well as those of many kinds of Aphids. Occasionally a patch of eges of
the predaceous bug, Phymata Wolfii, may be found on a bough. These
somewhat resemble those of a moth, but each egg is bottle-shaped and
they are gathered together in small clusters of about a dozen or fifteen

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83

embedded in a coating something like that on the Tent Caterpillar eggs,
bet with the neck of each protruding through the covering, Several kinds
of scale insects will probably turn up during our ramble; on apple and
many other trees the Oyster-shell scale, Putnam scale, the Scurfy Bark
scale, and some others of the armoured scales, will occur, also the young
of some of the Lecaniums, or Soft,Scales. These latter differ very much
in habit from the armoured scales in that, instead of passing the winter as
eggs beneath the old scales, the young insects hatch in summer and, as
winter approaches, leave the foliage and crawl on to the young twigs; where
they hibernate as minute flat brown scales resembling tiny turtles. When
vegetation revives again in spring these small insects crawl about until
they have found a suitable place, when they attach themselves to the
bark and never again move.

A discoloured slight swelling in the side of a raspberry cane will give
us a row of the eggs of the Snowy Tree-cricket, and if we split the same
cane right down to the bottom we may find a fat caterpillar, of the Rasp-
berry Root Borer (embecia marginata). Dead stems, seed pods and
the flowering stems of perennials, should always be examined. By splitting
dead stems, many small beetles, or the larve and pupz of minute moths,
will be disclosed. In the seed pods of mullein we may look for the
caterpillars of Penthina hebesana, whilst almost every head of the burdock
will give us ample supplies of the short, fat larve of the tiny imported
moths, AZetsnerza lapella.

On the edges of swamps we may see a patch of bullrushes or cat-
tails. In the seedheads we shall find the caterpillars of a tiny moth, and,
by cutting open the stems, the large, olive-brown caterpillars of Sphida
obliguata will be brought to light, as well also, perhaps, as some strange
sculptured weevils of the genus Sphenophorus and the maggots of several,
kinds of flies. Growing near these a matted web just coming through the
snow may give us the winter tent of a colony of the orange and black cater-
pillars of the Baltimore Fritillary (AZe/itea phacton). In the woods, tufts
of moss or lichens growing on the sides of trees will well repay the
trouble of detaching them and shaking them over a sheet of paper. The
same may be done with moss from near the roots of trees, when an incred-

ible number of small insects of nearly every order will be sifted out.
Where swamp moss can be obtained, as along the edges of a running
stream, this should be raked out and tied in small bags tor taking home
and examining at leisufe. A convenient way is to tie up two or four
small bags and hang them in a tree until frozen. They can then be slung

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

over the shoulders in pairs and can be carried without trouble or discom-
fort. :

Even in the depth of winter many insects will be found moving at
the bottom of open water, in streams, etc. Large water beetles and bugs.are
frequently dipped up by farmers through holes made in the ice for water-
ing their cattle in winter. The curious case-bearing larve of Caddice
flies can easily be secured by raking together the debris from the bottom
of the water. In addition to our bags of frozen moss we should always
take home with us scme twigs and dead boughs from any dead trees we
may notice. In these, when split and examined at home, we may get
many kinds of bark beetles, or even a colony of the interesting Ambrosia
beetles, or Shot-hole borers, the males and females al] crowded so closely
together in their burrows that it would be impossible to force another into

‘the space. These interesting little creatures will richly reward anyone who
will give them special study. It has only recently been discovered that
they have a social life somewhat approaching in interest that of the social
wasps, bees and ants, a tunnel being bored into a tree by the female for
the purpose of rearing her young, not upon the wood of the tree, but upon
special kinds of fungi which she cultivates there for her young brood.

In those more favoured localities where ihe ground is not covered
with snow in winter there are, of course, many more opportunities for
collecting than in colder districts with a heavy snowfall. The sifting of
moss from swamps, from the sides of trees and of dead leaves from woods ~
and along fences, will give an endless number of species of small beetles,
flies, leaf hoppers, mites, spiders, etc. In looking for these, the material
can be collected and carried home in bags for examination at any
convenient time, when it should be sifted over a large sheet of paper with
a good light and with several small bottles close at hand so as to catch
the many specimens as they revive and begin to move. By using a large
white pie-dish with a sloping edge some of the exceedingly active

species will be prevented from escaping. It will be required that every
sense be on the alert to secure all the material brought home even in a
small bag. Every collection, for a long time at any rate, will give useful
information concerning the life-histories of insects with which we were not
fully acquainted. Anything which seems stranges, hould be noted down
at the time. The specimens themselves should be sorted out and mounted
at once. Those of interest to the collector should be put carefully away
where they will not be injured by dust or museum pests, and all not
required should be sent off at once to anyone else who is known to be
interested in the various orders represented.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

THE TONAL

APPARATUS OF RANATRA QUADRIDEN-
TATA, STAL.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK, N.Y.

In “The Canadian Entomologist” for August, 1903 (*), I called
attention to the sounds produced by Ranatra fusca, Pal. B. Further study
has shown me that the bug I then referred to was in reality Ranatra
quadridentata, Stal., and that . fusca is very rare in the north, if, indeed,
it occurs at all, the former being the commonest species in the Eastern
United States, the latter, on the other hand, being more southern. The
notes referred to, therefore, apply to R. guadridentata, Stal.

Subsequent observation on a larger number of specimens has con-
firmed the exactness of my original observation, and I have found that
adults as well as nymphs stridulate, and that the sound is produced under
water as well as out of it. When in the water, however, the vibrations pro-
duce a louder chirp. Since the time this phenomenon was noted, I have
consulted a number of papers on the sounds produced by the Heteroptera,
but in none of them have I found any data bearing on the stridulation of
Ranatra. Indeed, Mr. Kirkaldy, who is one of the most erudite Hemip-
terists and has a very perfect knowledge of the literature of this group,
has'brought to my attention that this is a heretofore unrecorded faculty in
this water-bug.

The character of the sound and the insect’s motions while producing
it are substantially as previously described, except for unimportant
individual variations.

Dissection has revealed the tonal apparatus. It consists essentially
of two opposing rasps, one on the coxa near the base, with longitudinal
striations, and the other on the inner surface of the cephalic margin of the
lateral plate of the coxal cavity, which plate, by its thinness, must act
somewhat in the nature of a sounding-board, intensifying the sound and
imparting its vibrations to the surrounding medium. The position of the
legs, somewhat obliquely held to the axis of the body, brings the coxal
rasp against the coxal plate rasp, and the bug’s jerky motions of the legs

**<Notes on the Stridulation and Habits of Aanatra fusca, Pal. B,” Can, Ent.,
Vol. XXXV., pp. 235/7.
March, 1905.

86

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

produce the rasping chirps previously described. The figure herewith

shows the position of the first pair of legs in stridulating. (Fig. 5.)

x3.

The figures given are largely
diagrammatic, for the purpose of
bringing out the structural details
of the tonal apparatus. Figure 6

Fic. 6.
shows the coxal plate from the
side, and gives a good idea of its
shape and proportional size. One
side only of the prosterum is
given in figure 7 to show the

a

Fic. 7.
slit-like elongated coxal cavity.
As may be gathered from the two
figures, this structure allows con-
siderable vertical but limited
lateral motion, and, in fact,
Ranatra can lay the first pair of
legs against the upper or lower
side of the body with ease. The
inner surface of the hollowed
coxal plate is shown in figure 8,

Cina

Fic. 8.
but only the mere shell, to show
the position of the roughened

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87

area. From these views, the thinness of this plate can readily be appreci-
| ated. The broader outline of the cephalic edge
indicates the position of the coxal plate rasp,
vr; and figure g is the base of the coxa, show-

ing in black the position of the roughened xss

elevated area of the coxal rasp. The coxal rasp

Fic.g is a roundedly triangular callosity made up of oe
irregular longitudinal lines, about .3 mm. long and .2 mm.
wide (Fig. 10), and the coxal plate rasp consists of a 70Tr
series of parallel regular striations about .o5 mm. long along mais
its oe edge for a distance of perhaps .8 mm, (Fig. 11). Fic. rz.

ARISTOTELIA YOUNGELLA—A CORRECTION.

The Gelechiid described by Mr. Wm. D. Kearfott in the January
number of the CanapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 15, as Arzstotelia
Youngella is Enchrysa dissectella, Zeiler.

[Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesel., Wien., XXIII, p. 283. 1873.—Busck.
Revision American Gelechiide, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV., p. 919.
1903.—Dyar’s List, No. 5677. |

It is well figured by Zeller on his plate IV., fig. 29.

' Aucust Busck, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

NOTE ON FOOD OF ALABAMA ARGILLACEA.

On October 19th, 1904, at Urbana, Illinois, during a week of high
south-west gales, I observed a fresh, unrubbed moth at rest on a small
tomato that had been placed on a bench in the sun to finish
ripening, and in the process had cracked open. The haustellum was
extended down deep into the juicy fruit and the moth gave every
appearence of sucking the juice. No other individuals were noticed
abroad at that time. F. M. WEBSTER.

The Curator desires to acknowledge with grateful thanks the receipt
of a large number of specimens, representing over a hundred species of
Coleoptera, sent by Prof. H. F. Wickham, of Iowa City, to fill some of
the gaps which he had noticed in the Society’s collection when he took
part in the proceedings of the Jast annual meeting.

Also a second contribution of a number of specimens of Lepidoptera
and Cicindelidze from Mr. Norman Criddle, of Aweme, Manitoba,

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTE ON SIMAETHIS FABRICIANA, L.

BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA.

For over three years we have had in the collection at Ottawa speci-
mens of a pretty little Yponomeutid moth, which we have been unable to
get identified.

Larve were first observed by the writer at Aylmer, Que., on May
24th, rg01. They were found feeding on stinging nettle ( Urtica gracilis,
Ait.), and appeared to be fairly abundant in one locality. Specimens
collected on this date spun up within two or three days, and the moths
emerged on June 7. These larvee were noticed to have drawn thé leaves

together at the tips of the plants, and were living within the tents thus
made. The cocoon is white and rather thickly woven. The pupa is
slender and of a pale brown colour. After the moth has emerged, the
empty pupa-case remains protruding conspicuously from the cocoon.

The following is a description of the larva: Length full-grown.
g mm.; width at widest part, :.5 mm. Head erect, bilobed, shiny, black,
pale brownish towards clypeus, which is mostly pale and reaches almost
to vertex ; two or three pale spots are also present on each cheek. Body
slender, dull yellowish, no markings on the skin. ‘Thoracic shield black,
divided in centre of dorsum. ‘Tubercles black, shiny, large ; lower lateral
and ventral series smaller than i., 11., 111. and iv. Anal plate dark, mottled
with black. Thoracic feet black ; prolegs concolorous with venter.

During the past year Mr. C. H. Young also reared the species from
larvee found on the same food-plant, the moths emerging on the 4th, 8th
and 1oth June. ‘Two of these bred specimens were sent to Mr. W. D.
Kearfott, who identified them as Simaéthis Fabriciana, L.Writing under
date of Oct. 26, Mr. Kearfott says: ‘This is a European species,
never before recorded from this side of the water. The Ottawa specimens
are 2 or 3 mm. larger than any of the European examples in my collec-
tion, but the fasciation and maculation seem to agree perfectly.”

In a further letter, dated Nov. 28, Mr. Kearfott says with regard to
this species :

‘‘T see nothing else than to add this name to our lists. Dr. Dyar
spent a night with me a couple of weeks ago. I showed him the two
specimens and my European series, and he entirely agreed with my
conclusions. The only difference is a slight increase in size,”

March, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89

ASSINIBOIA MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, COLLECTED BY MR.
T. N. WILLING.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.
(Conunued from page 48.)

Proteopteryx Willingana, Kearf.—Two additional specimens ; Reg-
ina VII., 20. One strongly marked 2 and one almost unicolorous 4,
the same as the types.

Ancyclis mediofasciana, Clem.—One specimen; Regina, VI., 18.
Does not differ from Eastern examples ; already recorded by Dyar from
Kaslo.

Epinotia pseudotsugana, Kearf.—One specimen; Regina, VIII., 15.
Not differing from my types. This species comes very close to
pinicolana, Zell., differing principally in the front wings being of a dull
leaden gray colour, while in pézico/ana both ground colour and fasciz are
of bright brown shades. When describing this species I overlooked the
palpi, the outer joint of which is eutirely exposed, hence it should be
placed in Zfznotia and not Cydia ( Thiodiu ).

Cenopis reticulatana, Clem.—One specimen; Regina, VIII., 1.
Less red than the Eastern examples in my collection. I am not aware
of any previous record as far west as Regina.

Sparganothis puritana, Rob.; vocaridorsana, var. nov. Differing
from puritana ; in short central fascia, reaching only to middle of fore
wing ; entire absence of spot before outer margin, and in the costal spot
doubled.in width, covering costa from middle to apex.

Head, palpi and thorax yellow, much mixed with ferruginous, palpi
paler on inner sides and above at base. Fore wing light yellow, paler
than puritana. The spots and marks are a pinkish red, with a light
purple tinge at some angles. A short basal dash of this color, below the
costa and above the middle. A short fascia from costa at inner fourth
obliquely to lower vein of cell, irregularly straight on its inner edge, the
outer edge sharply and deeply indented by a spur of ground colour on
upper half of cell. Costal spot begins at middle of costa and extends to,
but does not involve apex, flatly triangular, its lowest point covering vein
7. A-small discal spot. On dorsal margin are a few scattered reddish
scales between outer third and anal angle, beginning with a tiny spot.
Cilia tinged with pink. The costa from base to fascia is also narrowly
edged with reddish. Hind wings evenly gray ; cilia paler.

Under side fore wing: Yellow and ferruginous in a narrow band

along costa, repeating the colours of the upper surface, below this dark
March, 1905.

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

gray, cilia yellowish. Hind wings very pale gray, cilia a shade paler,
preceded by a pale yellow line. Abdomen gray above; beneath, anal
tuft and legs cinereous. Expanse 25 mm. Six ¢, Regina VI., 16;
Aweme, VII., ro (Norman Criddle) Winnipeg, (Hanham). Co-types, U.S.
Nat. Mus., No. 8209, and my collection.

I have described this as a variety of Auritana, but should not be
surprised if it should prove to be a good species.

Archips cerasivorana, Fitch.—Three bred specimens, labelled ‘‘cherry
web-worm,” Medicine Hat, July. Not differing from specimens from the
Middle and Western States.

Archips argyrospila, Walk.—One specimen; Calgary, VIII., 1. The
dark form common to California.

Archips virescana, Clem.—One specimen ; Regina, VIII., 13, very
badly rubbed, but no doubt this species; common in the Eastern and
Middle States, and also recorded from Arizona.

Archips persicana, Fitch.—Two specimens ; Portage, VII., ro, and
Regina, VII., 18. Darker than either Eastern Canada or British Colum-
bia specimens, and with the white costal mark broader on the costa and
more nearly resembling Zeller’s figure of his conigerana; with a sufficient
series showing this constant difference, I would be disposed to restore
Zeller’s name, at least to varietal rank.

Pandemis Canadana, sp. nov.—Fore wing very dark rusty brown,
more or less overlaid with grayish-brown scales, with an oblique, purplish-
black fascia from middle of costa to anal angle, a half-round spot of same
colour on costa between fascia and apex, and an irregular basal band.

Head, palpi and thorax cinereous-gray sprinkled with darker
specks. Antenne cinereous. Fore wing rusty brown, overlaid with
gray or grayish-brown, especially in basal patch and between it
and central fascia. The dark scales in basal patch became more
concentrated outwardly thus sharply defining the patch against
the lighter ground colour which succeeds it ; the outer edge begins at the
inner quarter on costa, is slightly concave above and below median line,
and convex outwardly on median line, widest on dorsal margin where it
extends a third the length of wing and is shortly truncated. The central
fascia is nearly straight, on its inner edge, from costa to middle, thence con-
vex towards base for a quarter of its length, thence straight to dorsal margin,
which it touches at two thirds; outer edge of this fascia concave on its
upper quarter, thence nearly straight to anal angle; the lower, outer

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91

half of this fascia more or less overlaid with ground colour and less sharp-
ly defined than inner edge and upper half. A broad, half-round spot on
costa is the darkest of all the marks on costa, It covers between one-
fifth and one-fourth the length of wing and leaves an equal division of
ground colour on each side, between fascia and spot and spot and apex.
On the costa are a number of short, hardly oblique, dark dashes; four of five
in basal patch, two in ground colour succeeding it, three in fascia and two
or three in ground colour beyond. A broken line of dark scales before
outer margin. The fascia and spot are outlined by a lighter
brownish-ochreous line. In one specimen the dark colour replaces
the brown entirely, the spot and fascia being indicated only by the paler
border lines. Cilia ground colour, preceded by a narrow dark line, the
tips paler ochreous—brown. Hind wing and abdomen very dark fuscous,
paler above cell, cilia pale fuscous. Legs cinereous, first and second pair
clouded with gray-brown in front. Expanse, ¢, 19 to 21 mm.

2 marked sameas ¢, but all marks nearly obsolete and indicated
more by the darker outer lines than their internal colour. Expanse, 9,
24.5 mm.

Eight ¢ ¢; Regina, VIII., 13 to 15; St. Albert, VII., 20; Aweme,
VII., 31, to VIII., 15, (Norman Criddle.) One 9, Regina. Co-types,
U.S Nat. Mus., No, 8208, Mr. Willing’s and my collection.

I at first identified these specimens as an unusually dark form of
Pandemis limitata, Rob., but the outline of the basal patch and central
fascia are quite different and are sufficient to warrant separation, even if
there were not such a considerable difference in the colour. The outer
line of the basal patch ranges from nearly straight to slightly indented
below the middle in Zémitata, while in Canadana this line is deeply
scalloped above and below the middie. In /¢mztata, the inner edge of
central fascia is straight, with, in some specimens, a small tooth projecting
at a third below costa, while in Canadana, this line bulges out widely
below the middle. The fascia of ground colour between basal patch and
central fascia is much narrower in /imztata, with sides nearly straight.

Tortrix Alleniana, Fern.—Four 4, Regina, VIII.? 13 and 15;
Macleod, VII., 2; two ?, Lethbridge, VII., 11 ; one ¢, bred, Medicine
Hat, larva on poplar, V., 30; pupated VI., 7; issued VI. 20. Prof.

Fernald has kindly loaned me two ¢ and one § types of this species,
and while the ? 2 cannot be separated and compare exactly, the ¢ ¢
have necessitated a very considerable amount of study. and I should not
be surprised if additional material from points between Regina and

te)
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Maine would prove the existence of two good species, especially if a 9?
form should be found constantly different from the 2 of A//eniana.

The fore wings of the ¢ types of Alleniana are yellowish-brown, very
finely and lightly reticulated with a darker shade of brown, an oblique fascia
from centre of costa in one specimen extends barely to cell; and in the other is
obsolete; on costa before apex is a faint indication of a spot. The hind wings
are immaculate, of a very light buff shade. Several of the Regina ¢ ¢
compare closely with the types, except that the central fascia is strongly
developed, continuing down to and disappearing just above the anal angle,
while the pre-apical spot is large and dark, and has a tendency to run into
a curved sub-marginal darker shade that involves the outer margin. The
balance of the ¢ specimens have distinctly grayish-brown fore wings,
with reticulations, fascia and marks the same; but the hind wings are
fuscous, with the pale straw colour costal and apical borders finely reticu-
lated. I think it quite likely that this is the species referred to in a letter
from Dr. Fletcher (VII., 15, 1904) that is suspected of doing considerable
damage to the Populus tremuloides of the Northwest. I should like to
have given the name fofu/ana to this species, but find it impossible to
separate from AZ/eniana with the material before me.

Tortrix symphoricarpana, sp. nov.— ¢, 27 mm. Head and palpi
grayish-tawny-brown, outer ends of scales and outer joint of palpi dark
slaty brown ; thorax and front wing tawny-brown or grayish-yellow. An
oblique, blackish-purple fascia from middle of costa to hind margin before
anal angle, narrowest on costa; indented and partly interrupted on upper —
median vein, inner edge well defined, nearly straight but swelling out
slightly in cell, with two very slight indentations, one at middle of cell and
one on median vein, slightly concave below cell; outer edge of fascia less
distinctly defined, the dark colour becoming paler and approximating
the ground colour ; indented between costa and upper median vein, below
latter convex to before anal angle. A duplicate spot on costa half
way between fascia and apex, somewhat triangular but rounded on inner
edge, and is twice as wide on costa as fascial spot on costa, most intense
on inner edge; from lowest point of spot is a dark, outwardly curved,
much broken line to anal angle; several short, vertical reticulations

between this line and outer margin, crossed by hcrizontal reticulations.
The balance of the wing is coarsely reticulated vertically, in the type
there being seven points touching the costa between base and fascia and
three between fascia and costal spot. Cilia tawny-yeilow. Hind wing
pale cinereous, clouded basally and dorsally with fuscous, and apically

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95

with ochreous. Cilia paler. Under side front wing light tawny brown
below costa and before outer margin ; central part of wing from base to
end of cell, dark, brownish fuscous. The reticulaiions of upper side are
duplicated on costa and outer margin, with three well-defined short costal
streaks beneath the inner and outer edge of fascia and inner edge of costal
spot. Abdomen grayish-brown, tuft ochreous, legs pale ochreous.

9, 25 mm. Marked generally same as 4, but ground colour is
darker brown, causing the fascia and spot to be less distinctly defined; the
reticulations are also more obscure, except between the submarginal line
and outer margin they are more distinct and form a submarginal dark
shade. Hind wings slightly paler. One ¢. Two ¢?. Medicine Hat,
VII., 21, from larve on Snowberry, Symphoricarpa, sp. Co-types U. S.
Nat. Mus., No. 8207, and my collection.

The maculation of this species is very much like Robinson’s figure
of Archips zapudata, except that the dark basal area shown on the figure
is entirely absent. It is also very much darker than zapzu/ata, and as

_the ¢ has no costal fold, it cannot even be referred to the same genus.

Tortrix pallorana, Rob.— Twelve specimens, Lethbridge, VII., 11,
Regina, VII., 10, toIX., 2. ¢’saverage 25 mm; ? 30 mm. I have so
far found it impossible to satisfactorily separate Robinson’s two species,
pallorana and /ata. Mr. Willing’s specimens agree in size with /afa, but
in colour and shape they are nearer pa//orana, although they do not
exactly agree in any one particular with either, except that the fore
wings are immaculate. We may havea new species, but I should hesitate
describing it without very much more complete data of the larval stages.
Pallorana is on record as bred from Verbena and Cerasus.

Tortrix albicomana, Clem.—One specimen, Lethbridge, VIL., 11;
The canary-yellow form, rather heavily overlaid with pale purple scales,
concentrated in two half fascize from costa and a whole fascia before the
cilia on the outer margin. It is the intermediate form, between the type,
which is the palest canary-yellow, and the other extreme, where the whole
fore wing is overlaid with deep lustrous purple, excepting a short basal
yellow patch, continuing in a line along the costa and running into the
outer marginal yellow fascia. I havé recently separated this form,
calling it var. semipurpurana. ‘This Regina specimen is of the form
commonly bred on Rose, and which has usually been mistaken for
bergmanniana, Linn. I have considerable doubt that the latter really
occurs in America,

94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 3.
BY C.-S. LUDLOW, M. SC.,
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. A., Washington, D. C.

In a very interesting collection of mosquitoes lately sent me from
the Philippine Islands by Dr. Eugene R. Whitmore, rst Lt.. Asst. Surg.
U.S. A., occur a couple of forms which seem entitled to position as new
genera, and some others of merely specific interest. The new genera are
separated, in the first instance by a combination of values that makes
it seem secure, while in the second case it lies between Finlaya and
Macleaya, and the differences are not so marked.

Reedomyia, nov. gen.—Head covered with slender curved scales,
forked scales on the occiput, and flat lateral ones, as in Culex ; palpi two
jointed in the female ; thorax clothed with curved scales ; scutellum with
broad flat scales only ; metanotum nude ; fork cells of wing short.

The genus is named after Major Walter Reed, Surgeon U. S. A.,
whose invaluable work in proving Stegomyia fasciata, Fab., the intermedi-
ate host in the transmission of ‘‘yellow fever” is too well known to need
more than mention.

Reedomyia Pampangensis, n. sp.—Q. Head densely covered with
slender curved scales and flat lateral ones; a brown triangular (base
caudad) median spot bordered by a white stripe, followed laterally by
brown scales and then by lateral white flat scales, no tuft of scales
between the eyes, but many bristles around the eyes, and a border of
curved light-yellow scales around the eyes, fork scales numerous
and extending well up on the vertex; antenne brown, verticels and
pubescence brown, basal joint light brown and partly brown scaled, first
joint has a few brown scales ; palpi brown, somewhat constricted at base
of ultimate joint ; proboscis brown dorsally, and fawn coloured ventrally to
about three-quarters its length, apical quarter daik, tip brown; eyes
brown ; clypeus brown.

Thorax when viewed directly from above is of general reddish brown
colour and darker in other lights ; prothoracic lobes testaceous with white
slender curved scales and dark brown bristles. In these specimens, as in
some others lately received, these lobes appear to be stalked, the stalks
running in a curve up the cephalic aspect of the thorax, and the “lobes”
on the dorsal end as a cap, reminding one somewhat of a ‘‘mushroom.”
Mesonotum is a light reddish brown with light yellow and dark brown
slender curved scales rather indefinitely arranged—an indefinite white

March, 1905.

te)
or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

band across the cephalic end—a narrow indefinite light lateral band
extending half way to wing joint, and a small spot dorsad of the end of
this line, but the markings are very indefinite, general effect being a
reddish brown, sparsely covered with an irregular arrangement of dark
and yellowish scales. A heavy bunch of.dark brown bristles near the
wing joint, and a short line of very long and heavy dark brown bristles
on either side of the “bare spot.” Scutellum light brown, all three lobes
densely covered with broad flat white scales; six large bristles on
mid-lobe and several smaller ones also ; metanotum brown, bare. The
brilliant white scutellum is very effective and marks the insect at once.

Abdomen light, covered with brown flat scales and many golden
apical hairs, with now and then a suggestion of narrow white basal
bands, and with distinct white basal lateral spots. Venter partly white
scaled, but with brown apical bands.

Legs, coxze and trochanters light, white scaled ; hind femora light
at the base, otherwise all the femora brown scaled dorsally—creamy
scaled on the ventral side ; a brilliant white apical spot; all the tarsal joints
brown. The legs are rather prominently light bristled throughout, which
even suggests, with the hand lens, light spots on the hind tibie. Fore
ungues large, equal and uniserrate.

Wings clear yellowish, covered with dark brown scales, except
a small spot at the very base of the costa, which is brilliant white. Cells
short; scales rather broad and truncate, costal edge shows some ten-
dency to the spinous scales found in Uranotaenia. First submarginal is
about a sixth longer and the same width as the znd posterior, the stems
of each about the same length and about two-thirds as long as the cells ;
mid and supernumerary cross-veins meet and are nearly equal, posterior
cross-vein is a trifle shorter and distant twice its own length from the
mid. MHalteres light, with dark knob.

Length, 4-5 mm.

Habitat.— Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon, P.I. Taken in Sept.

Described from three specimens sent by Dr. Eugene R. Whitmore,
ist Lt. Asst. Surg. U.S.A., marked “Caught in the woods and in the
Quarters.”

Popea, nov. gen.—Head covered with flat, forked, and slender
curved scales, the latter occurring ov/y on the median line; palpi long in
the male; thorax with slender curved scales; scutellum with median scales
on each lobe flat, and slender curved scales between the lobes and

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

forming an apical border to all the lobes. Abdomen normal in shape,
bearing ventral medium tufts-of long clavate scales. Wing cells short,
and the scales suggesting Zaeniorhynchus; wngues uniserrate in the
male. This evidently lies between 77z/aya, Theob., and AZacleaya, Theob.

The genus is named in honour of Lt.-Col. B. F. Pope, Deputy Surg.
Gen. U.S.A., under whose authority, as Chief Surgeon Division of the P. I.,
this investigation was originally begun in connection with the work of the
Board of Health, Manila.

Popea lutea, n. sp.— é. Head covered on median line with
curved white scales, the remainder of the head with flat and a few
forked scales, a narrow stripe of yellow flat scales next to the median line
of curved ones, then a broader stripe of brown flat scales, followed by
white flat scales; brown and yellow forked scales on the occiput, white
ones near the vertex, a few light hairs projecting forward; antenne
plumose, light brown, light bands on each joint, a few dark flat scales on
the first joint, basal joint brown, a few white flat scales on the
median side; palpi light, long and slender, irregularly mottled with
yellow, white and brown scales, the tuft is small and light coloured, tip
dark; proboscis rather heavily scaled, mottled yellow and brown, the
basal part brown, followed very irregularly by deep ochraceous yellow,
so that it amounts to a broad irregularly shaped band, the apex narrowly
brown, (tip missing) ; eyes brown ; clypeus brown.

Thorax brown, prothoracic lobes brown scaled, with yellow and
white flat scales; mesonotum brown, covered with yellow, white and
brown curved scales arranged in indefinite groups, yellow, flat scales
at the nape ; pleura dark brown, with patches of white clavate flat scales;
scutellum testaceous, the median portion of each lobe with flat, the inter-
lobular parts and caudal edge with rather closely placed slender curved
scales; the flat scales on the median lobe are brown, with a line of yellow
at each side, those on the lateral lobes are brown, the curved scales are
light sulphur yellow, fine bristles on median lobe; metanotum brown, bare.

Abdomen light, covered with dark brown and yellow scales, mostly
yellow; a broken median line of dark brown irregularly-placed spots—~. e.,
sometimes apical, sometimes basal—extends the whole length of the
abdomen, and the ultimate segment has an apical brown band, the
broad lateral yellow stripe is occasionally’ broken by a few brown scales,
but the effect is distinctly yellow: yellow apical, lateral and ventral hairs;
venter yellow, white and brown, there are well-marked tufts of long

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97

brown scales on the median line of the venter on most of the segments,
but on the ultimate segment the tuft is yellow. These scales are clavate,
and not denticulate. A few white scales appear in connection with the
lateral (yellow) stripes and the dorsal basal white band on the ultimate
segment is largely of white scales. The claspers are large and there is a

fan-shaped tuft of long yellow spatulate scales just beside them on the
ventral side.

Legs all mottled; coxz and trochanters testaceous with white and
brown scales, femora irregularly spotted with brown and white scales, a
few yellow ones also occur; tibiz much lighter, and mostly yellow scaled,
a few brown scales in small bunches giving the mottled look; tarsal joints
mostly yellow scaled, on the hind legs there are tiny basal brown spots;
in the fore and mid legs the brown scales are somewhat lighter and have
no definite arrangement, but the last tarsal on the fore legs are mostly
covered with these lighter brown scales. Ungues slightly unequal, both
uniserrate, hind ungues equal and simple.

Wings very light and delicate and of slightly yellowish cast, covered
with broad yellow and brown median and lateral scales, suggesting
Taeniorhynchus scales; the ventral scales are, however, slender. The
wing is apparently partly denuded, but the apex is light, and there is a
well-marked yellow costal spot near the junction of sub-costa and ex-
tending on the wing field to the 3rd longitudinal in the vicinity of the
cross-veins; there is a smaller yellow spot on the costa interior to this,
and the costa is light continuously from the base of the wing nearly one
third its length; the fork cells are small, nearly as small as those of
Uranotaenia, and the costa has spinous scales as in that genus; 1st
submarginal is a little longer and a little narrower than 2nd _ posterior.
Mid and supernumerary cross-veins meet and are about equal in length,
posterior cross-vein is about same length as the others and distant from
the mid nearly twice its own length, interior. Basal cell is very long.
Halteres light, knob mostly yellow scaled.

Length, 5.5 mm.

Habitat.— Camp Stotzenberg, Angeles Fampanga, Luzon, P. I.
Taken Sept.

Described from one very perfect specimen sent by 1st Lt. Eugene
R. Whitmore, Asst. Sug. U.S.A., with the legend, “Caught in the woods
and banana trees,”

98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This is a very beautiful sulphur yellow and brown species, and the
peculiar scaling of the scutellum, the short fork cells, broad wing scales
and abdominal tufts assign it at once to its place between /indaya and
Macleaya.

Taentorhynchus argenteus, n. sp.— @. Head dark brown, almost
black, covered with white curved scales, white and light ochraceous fork
scales, and a few brown mixed with the white flat lateral scales,
small white curved scales between the eyes, and a few dark
brown bristles around the eyes; antennze brown, verticels dark brown,
pubescence white, basal joint testaceous ; palpi dark brown with a few
white scales at the tip ; proboscis dark brown, with ochraceoys band at
basal part of apical half; clypeus dark brown; eyes brown and gold.

Thorax: prothoracic lobes brown, with white curved scales, and
a few brown bristles ; mesonotum dark brown, almost black, covered with
white curved scales, except two ante-scutellar sub-median brown bar-like
spots projecting forward from the scutellum about one third the length
of the mesonotum, and two very small round brown spots nearer the
cephalic end; there are also a few light bristles, but not making distinctly
marked lines. Scutellum dark brown, with white curved scales, and
brown bristles, six on edge of median lobe, four on each of the lateral
lobes ; pleura dark brown, with small bunches of white flat scales ;
metanotum dark brown.

Abdomen dark brown, narrow basal light (slightly ochraceous)
‘bands, occasionally a few apical light scales, small basal white lateral
spots on some of the segments ; ventrally mostly light scaled.

Legs, coxze and trochanters dark brown and white scales ; all the
femora dark brown, with a sprinkling of white scales, so as to make them
quite speckled, ventrally lighter, and on the mid and fore legs mostly
light scaled; tibiee of mid legs markedly speckled, the others darker ;
metatarsus brown on all the legs ; with small basal light bands, and the
other tarsal joints are also brown and have small basal light spots, some-
times developed into bands, except the ultimate joint of the hind legs,
which is dark throughout. Sometimes these spots or bands are very
faint. Ungues simple and equal.

Wings clear, rather heavily brown-scaled, especially in the apical
half ; the median scales heavy, clavate, somewhat truncate, the lateral
scales spatulate, and the ventral scales slender; the ventral scaling
is unusually heavy. Fork cells short; the rst submarginal somewhat

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 99

shorter and narrower than the 2nd posterior ; supernumerary cross-vein

slightly shorter than the mid, which it meets ; posterior equal to mid and

distant twice its own length. Hialteres light. Length, 4-4.5 mm.
Habitat.—Angeles Pampanga, Luzon, P. I. Taken Sept. ? ———.
Described from several specimens sent by Dr. Whitmore.

A well-marked Zaeniorhynchus, and the white scaled head and thorax
and speckled femora make it easily differentiated from the other species,
though at first glance it suggests Z: tenax, Theob.

Stegomyia Gardnerii, n. sp.—Q. Head densely covered with broad
flat brown and white scales. A very broad median white stripe from occi-
put to vertex, with a dark brown somewhat triangular brown spot on either
side, bordered by white and followed laterally by a brown and then a white
stripe; a few bristles around the eyes, projecting forward, two bristles
between the eyes; very few or no fork scales; antenne dark brown,
verticels and pubescence dark brown, basal joint dark brown, heavily
covered with flat white scales; palpi dark brown with brilliant white tip ;
proboscis brown; eyes brown, and a white rim around them made of
smaller, perhaps spindle-shaped, but not true curved scales.

Thorax: Prothoracic lobes brown, with white flat scales ; mesonotum
brown covered densely on the median portion, so as to occupy about one
third the width of the mesonotum, with dark brown spindle-shaped scaies
(bronze iridescence), a few curved white scales on the cephalic edge, and
laterad, a broad white stripe extending about one half the length of the
‘mesonotum, brown scales exterior to this; a large white spot in front of
the wing joint; the caudad half of the mesonotum is dark brown, with a
short median line of fine white or yellowish scales, and a short indefinite
line on each side, just in front of the scutellum, and here the scales become
very long, curved and spatulate flat scales, so they fringe out over the
scutellum. Scutellum brown, covered with long spatulate flat scales;
brown scaled at the base, with a broad white border on the apical edge;
pleura brown, with heavy bunches of white scales; metanotum brown.

Abdomen heavily covered with rather large flat brown iridescent
scales, white basal lateral spots of varying sizes on most of the segments
and four white dorsal basal spots—one on the penultimate—is lacking
on the antepenultimate, and present on the three segments cephalad to
this. Ventrally there are heavy white basal spots, so that the venter is at
least half white scaled.

100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Legs: Coxe and trochanters light brown, white scaled ; fore femora
white scaled ventrally, otherwise dark brown, iridescent scales; metatarsi
brown, with very small basal white spot ; first tarsal joint brown with small
basal white spot ; second, third and fourth joints brown; ungues small,
equal and uniserrate ; mid-femora dark brown with a few white scales at
the base, a small white spot midway on the cephalic aspect, and a white
spot near the apex, which under the hand lens looks like a knee spot, but
the very apex is brown ; tibie brown; metatarsi brown, with a small basal
white spot, a little larger than those on the fore legs ; first tarsal joint with
small basal white spot, other joints brown ; hind femora white scaled ven-
trally and dorsally, except a large brown dorsal spot near the apex, which,
however, leaves the apex white; tibiae brown; metatarsi brown, with
basal white spot; all the tarsal joints brown, with large basal white spots
so wide as almost to include the whole joint on the distal joints, but not
always marked on the ventral side.

Wings clear, with brown scales, the median scales large, broadiy
truncate, and the lateral, which are about twice as long, are comparatively
slender, and also truncate; the ventrai scales more slender ; first sub-
marginal cell is about one-third longer than and the same width as the
second posterior; supernumerary cross-vein equals the mid, which it
meets, and the posterior cross-vein is a little longer than the mid and
about twice its own length distant; haiteres have light stem and dark knob.

Length, about 5 mm. . /

g .—In general the male differs little from the female ; palpi slender,
longer than the proboscis, brown, a small white spot at the base of ulti-
mate, a slightly larger one at base of penultimate, a band at base of the
ante-penultimate joints, and another white spot nearly as wide as the
band, near the base: palpi not tufted. Ungues unequal, the larger
uniserrate, the smaller simple.

Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat—Bulacao, Mindora Is., and Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon Is.,
P. I. Taken Aug. 20, (Bulacao), Dr. Gardner. Sept. ?, (Angeles), Dr.
Whitmore.

Described from specimens sent by Dr. Fletcher Gardner, Cont. Surg.
U. S. A., taken at Bulacao.

From Camp Gregg, Bayambang, in the large and interesting col-
lection from Capt. W. P. Chamberlain, referred to above, comes another
new mosquito whose wing scales, occurring in connection with flat scutellar

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101

scales, and its extremely short female palpi, are distinctive. As I have
only one specimen, I have not been able to demonstrate the exact num-
ber of joints, but they must of necessity be few.

O’REILLIA, nov. gen.

Head clothed with curved, forked, and flat scales, much as in Cudex;
scutellar scales flat; wing scales usually symmetrical, very broadly truncate,
and notched; palpi extremely short in the female.

The genus is named after Gen’] Robert M. O’Reilly, Surgeon-General,
U.S.A., whose broad interest in all scientific study in any way connected
with Medical work has made possible many researches, and among them
the continuance of this mosquito work.

O’Retllia Luzonensis, n. sp.—Q. Head dark, covered with light
(almost white) curved scales, very broad forked scales having markedly
fimbriate (under 23 in: objective denticulate) tops, which in some lights
are white; a couple of bristles between the eyes: white rim around the
eyes ; white flat lateral scales; antennz dark, verticels and pubescence
light, basal joint testaceous with a few small, white, flat scales; palpi
extremely small, dark, with a few white scales at the tip ; proboscis mostly
yellow scaled, the base, and a very narrow rim at the apex being dark
brown ; clypeus brown ; eyes brown.

Thorax brown ; prothoracic lobes with flat, somewhat spindle-shaped
white scales ; pleura testaceous ; scutellum brown, with brown and white,
rather long, flat scales on the mid-lobe, iateral lobes with white flat scales;
metanotum brown.

Abdomen light, covered with dark brown and orange-yellow flat and
somewhat spatulate scales, irregularly placed so as to be “speckled”;
venter rather lighter than dorsum, but ‘‘specked”; light apical hairs.

Legs all light; all coxze and trochanters covered with brown and
yellow scales ; all femora and tibiz speckled yellow and brown and are
darker than thc rest of the legs, ventral side lighter; fore tibiz are dark,
the metatarsi and tarsal joints light with faint brown spots; mid-tibiz are
dark near apex and the metatarsi and tarsal joints are all light, with faint
light brown spots on some of the joints ; the hind tibiz are dark near apex,
metatarsi light, and the tarsal joints brown; ze., light brown, with light
basal bands on the first, second and third joints, the fourth joint covered
entirely with the light brown scales. Ungues simple and equal.

Wings clear, covered with brown and white (or light yellow), broad
scales, the apical ends truncate and notched; the ventral scales obovate

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

or clavate and very thin and white. There seems to be no arrangement
into spots, the wing being simply “speckled.” 1st submarginal cell is
nearly twice as long and a little narrower than the 2nd posterior cell, its
stem being about one-half the length of that of the posterior; mid and
supernumerary cross-veins are about equal and meet, the posterior cross-
vein nearly twice as long, and a little more than its own length dis-
tant. On the costal edge the scales show something of the spinous shapes
found in Uranotaenia. Halteres light.

Length 3.5-4 mm. ,

Habitat —Bayambang, Pangasinan, Luzon, P. I.

Taken Sept. 11, ‘Outside screens of screened house. Rainy night.”

Described from one very perfect specimen sent by Capt. Chamberlain,
from Camp Gregg.

The wing scales are as broad in this genus as those usually found in
Mansonia, the large notch or indentation at the apex being easily recog-
nizable, and in connection with the flat scales on the scutellum are
distinctive. No metallic scales occur on the insect.

(To be continued).

COLLECTING MOTHS IN THE AUTUMN AND WINTER.
BY HENRY ENGEL, PITTSBURGH, PA.

During October and November, 1904, I had the pleasure of learning
some interesting features of the habits of a certain group of moths which
appear at that season of the year. The abundance of these species under >
seemingly very unfavourable climatic conditions was a great surprise to me.
The observations made on these hardy creatures of the insect tribe may
prove interesting to Lepidopterists who are willing to exert a bit of energy
in the pursuit of their hobby. During the last few years I have learned
that we must take the topography of the country into account in selecting
a place to bait for the moths, which appear after we have observed the
first autumn frosts on the landscape. I will, therefore, briefly describe the
vicinity of my collecting grounds. My home is situated in a ravine, back
of the hills south of Pittsburgh, Pa. The difference in the altitude of the
valley and the hilltops is about five hundred feet. On the slopes near my
house are about twenty-five acres of woods, consisting chiefly of oak, ash,
maple, a few hickory, elm, locust trees and very little underbrush. Beyond
this woods are pasture fields and farm lands, the fences of which are lined
with wild cherry trees.

March, 1905.

—en ee Pee ae

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103

For several seasons I have endeavoured to obtain some of the late-
flying moths by sugaring, but met with indifferent success. The evenings
at this season of the year are nearly always cold, especially in the dales of
our undulating country. Therefore, the much-desired Scopelosoma,
Xylina and other more or less rare species did not accumulate very fast
in my cabinet. About the middle of October, when the nights became
too cold for collecting at light, my season was practically ended. If we
peruse the various local lists of Lepidoptera published in our periodicals,
we are impressed with the fact that the collecting carried on is, with a few
exceptions, rather superfiical, and that little or no efforts are made to
obtain the very early and the late appearing kinds. The interested
student always finds a source of knowledge in looking over the collections
of his colleagues. We observe material collected by certain methods and
during periods which we have hitherto neglected. The various species
which appear very early in the spring have been found quite successfully
by the local collectors. My friend, Mr. Fred Marloff, some years ago
initiated the sugaring method in this section for the late-occurring kinds.
His home is about one mile farther south from Pittsburgh than mine, on
top of a hill. Mr. Marloff continued sugaring until late in November, and
was quite successful in getting material. The bait consisted of rotten
apples and pears rubbed on the trees in his orchard. Overripe, mushy
apples are by far the best material for luring moths that has come to my
knowledge, and there is only one objection, they discolor the hands of the
operator. This may be avoided by wearing a pair of rubber gloves.

On October 2nd, I spent the day with Mr. Marloff and was informed
of the capture of Xy/ina Bethune: the previous week. The first visit to
the baited trees that evening resulted in the capture of Xy/ina pexata and
signosa, one Glea sericea and a number of cominon species. So here was
the beginning of the harvest, and I concluded to try the hill near my home.
On the following day the consent of a farmer was obtained to take all the
rotten apples I wanted if they were of any use tome. A bushel was taken
home, and more subsequently as I needed them. Commencing with the
fence posts in my tot, each one of which received a patch of crushed apples,
I extended my line along a path in the woods for about 200 yards to the
pasture field. Then along the edge of the woods for a quarter of a mile
on a row of trees at right angles from the woods to the highest part of the
hill, about 150 yards, then along a dividing fence down hill towards the
starting point. All the conveniently situated trees and every third fence

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

post along this route were baited. After the first few applications a crust
is formed and only a little refreshening need be applied every evening.
On days when the atmosphere is damp the moths will be strongly-attracted
without any additional applications. The lure should be put ona little
before dusk, as the moths start flying quite early in the evening.

To give a fair idea of what is missed by neglecting the opportunities
of late collecting, I have appended a list of the species taken by Mr.
Marloff and myself during the last fall and winter. The kinds which
occurred in one locality only are followed by the name of the collector.
A little discourse, however, on several remarkable evenings experienced,
seems appropriate and may lead others to experiment when similar con-
ditions of weather prevail. .

On October 4th and 5th we had rather warm and sunny days.
Shortly after starting on my luring expedition on the latter date athunder-
storm suddenly came up. A lively shower freshened things up and a
drizzling rain continued for about an hour. When the rain commenced I
started on the homeward journey, somewhat disappointed at the inter-
ference with an evening’s recreation. Happily the reverse proved to be
the case, for I learned that evening how congenial a damp atmosphere is
to the moths. The black clouds caused darkness to settle quickly.
Induced by this, and, no doubt, by the moisture in the air, which appears
to give a greater range to the aroma of the lure, the moths were noticed to
appear so abundantly on the baited trees that I resolved to stay and see
the affair through. Nearly one hundred specimens were collected, includ-'
ing some good species. Of the commoner kinds hundreds might have
been taken, but only the desirable varieties were selected.

Collecting was continued every evening with variable success; a
capture of one or two moths some evenings new to my list making the
matter interesting until October 17th. On the following three days very
warm weather prevailed and some good material was taken. I collected
every evening on these days until about 10.30 p. m., when I was quite
tired of travelling up and down the hill. Early on the morning
of October 21st a good rain fell and after a cloudy and windy
day the temperature was quite cool towards evening. At 5 p. m.
rain again set in, accompanied by high wind. Recollecting my experi-
ence on the other rainy evening I ventured outdoors about dusk to take
a peep at the baited fence posts. The weather was abominable, but on
every post were nice newly-emerged examples of Scopelosoma. These

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105

were quickly bottled, and putting three cyanide jars in my pockets I went
on a journey up the slippery hill. Moths were plentiful on every baited
postandtree. Orthosia bicolorago predominated everywhere. On warm,
wind-still evenings the trees must be approached cautiously, as these com-
mon loafers will quickly take wing and disturb what more desirable species
may be there. On the evening in question, however, every moth held on
for dear life, with its wings fluttering in the breeze. The desirable species
were readily selected, but the Scope/osoma and Xy/lina have the very
vexing habit of dropping to the ground at the slightest disturbance. It is
advisable, therefore, to clear away all rubbish and dry grass from around
the posts and trees. The Xy/:na, with their wings closely folded around
the abdomen and their colours blending to perfection with the dry grass
in most of the species, are very difficult to find by the flickering light of a
lantern. Usually when I reached the highest part of my route I could
see Mr. Marloff’s light circling about in his orchard on the next hill, but
on this memorable evening I did not succeed in getting to the summit.
The wind in the open field was so high that my light was ‘extinguished,
and I had to retire to the lower section of the hill. Five trips over part
of the route were made, and 72 Scope/osoma, representing six species, were
taken up toir p.m. The appearance of these kinds in such numbers
was a novelty to me and I paid little attention to the common forms,
Anticarsia gemmatilis was taken for the first time in my experience.

On the following two days, October 23rd and 24th, the weather was
cold, with frosts at night. Eleven Xy/c#za were collected about dusk on
these days. The weather moderated considerably onthe 25th, andaftera
cloudy day, a cool, drizzling rain set in about dusk. With an easy breeze stir-
ring, matters looked very favourable for a good catch. The entire collecting
route was gone over five times that evening and gt Scopelosoma, 3 Glea
sericea, several interesting kinds of Xy//ma and some of the common forms
of the latter were taken. . At nearly midnight I left off with 118 specimens
safely stored away to be mounted. Frosty nights prevailed after this, but
with the exception of several evenings a few moths were always found
about dusk until November 7th. A cold, drizzling rain fell that evening
and 27 specimens were collected. These represented Scofe/osoma and
Xylina. On the following day it was cool and the atmosphere very heavy
and damp. The captures that evening were 28 specimens. Up to No-
vember 18th but little collecting was done, owing to intervening cold
weather. ‘The following three days were warm and 180 moths were taken,

March, 1905.
,

106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

including 108 Scope/osoma, some of the rarer Xy/ina and one Glea signata.
Several kinds of moths reappeared on November 2oth, which had not
been observed for more than two weeks. /eridroma saucia, Agrotis
ypsilon and about a dozen Orthosia bicolorago were seen ; the latter were
all worn. yfena scabra also was frequently noticed, but it is very sly
and does not easily submit to capture.

On November 21st it was too cold for anything to stir, and on the
morning of the 22nd there was a heavy frost. It turned warmer during
the day, and 22 specimens were taken after dusk. Among these was a
male Hydernia tiliaria, which was encountered flying in the pasture field.
After a short chase, it settled on a weed and.was bottled. Cold and damp
nights prevailed up to November 28th, and but few moths were observed.
November 29th was warm and cloudy, with a trace of rain. I took 44
specimens, representing three species of Scopelosoma, Xylina unimoda,
Peridroma saucia, Agrotis ypsilon, Homoptera lunata and Hypena scabra.

Snow and frost held sway after this until December 23rd, when a
thawing spell set in. By the evening of the 25th the snow had disappeared
and the weather was quite warm. Out of mere curiosity, I took a walk
after dusk over the collecting route and observed 21 specimens. No lure
had been applied since late in November, but the thawing out of the old
crusts on the trees was sufficient to offer attraction, With the exception
of one Xylina antennata, all specimens observed were the common species
of Scopelosoma. These looked very much worn and bedraggled, and it seems
as if their abode over winter is among the leaves on the ground. De-
cember 26th and 27th offered opportunities for collecting, and Hypena
scabra was observed in addition to the other hibernating species. On the
morning of December 28th the ground was covered with snow and a very
cutting wind prevailed. Cold weather continued until December goth.
By January 1st, 1905, the snow had disappeared and an ideal bright day
ushered in the New Year. In company with Mr. Marloff, both our routes
were gone over that evening and a dozen specimens were found.

By this time I had acquired a fancy for collecting on rainy evenings.
On the znd I decided to freshen up the baited trees, and went over the
route supplied with a bucket of rotten apples. Although the day was
cloudy, it was quite daylight yet, and I was surprised to find Scopelosoma
resting on the bait on the first few trees I came to in the woods. Several
were observed flying to the trees, and by searching among the leaves at the
base of the trees a number were found. The apples were rubbed on the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107

trees and after dusk I made asecond visit. There was quite an assem-
blage observed for this time of the season. Xylina unimoda, /aticinerea,
antennata and Bethunet, Scopelosoma Moffatiana, tristigmata, sidus and
Morrisoni were among the captures. Mr. Marloff, in addition to some of
these, took two Scopelosoma devia. The foregoing may suffice to show
under what conditions collecting may be done, and I will record a few
observations and experiments made to test the ability of these moths to
withstand cold.

Of the captures made on my last trip on January 2nd, some twenty
Scopelosoma were taken from the jars upon my return home and left to
recover. One after the other they came back to life, vibrated their wings
for a while and took flight. Soon my room reminded me of a warm
summer evening, when the collecting lamp brings in dozens of specimens,
with these creatures bobbing along the ceiling. This fancy, however, was
disproved by the whistling wind outdoors, giving warning of the approach-
ing blizzard. The temperature dropped rapidly and snow made its
appearance. I captured a dozen specimens and let them fly out. Three
of these were found the next morning, frozen to the floor of the porch, and
two imbedded in snow which had drifted against the side of the house. All
specimens were brought into the room and placed near the stove. Those
which had the protection of the snow at once made feeble movements, and
in less than fifteen minutes flew to the window. The specimens found
frozen to the floor and exposed to the cold wind over night did not
recover.

One of the remaining specimens in the house was found one morning
frozen in a thin, sheet of ice which had formed in a vessel. It was placed
near the stove to thaw out and soon crawled about. After a rest ina
warm position for half an hour, it flew away to the window, none the worse
for its experience. ‘The wonderful vitality of this creature surprised me,
and I decided on a more severe test. A specimen was immersed in water
and this left to freeze into a solid lump of ice. With the exception of the
upper part of the thorax, the specimen was encrusted in ice. It was left
in this condition for twenty-four hours and then placed in the room to
thaw out. When the ice had melted the moth appeared to be dead. It
was thoroughly water-soaked and I placed it near the stove to dry off.
Feeble movements of its forelegs were observed about an hour later, and
gradually it became more active and crawled about. This specimen was
kept alive for more than a week. Several times it was placed on a piece

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of mushy apple and was observed to teed. It did not regain its power of
flight, but was able to freely vibrate the wings.

I dissected about twenty females of different species of Scope/osoma
from the captures of December and January, in search of ova, but nene
were found. So we have an interesting problem: Why do these moths
hibernate ?

Any person residing in a section where the surface of the ground is of.
a rolling nature will have observed the early autumn frosts destroying
tender vegetation in the valleys long before any harm is done to plants in
higher situations. In my travels up and down the hiil during this collect-
ing period I noticed that the change in the temperature in this short
difference in altitude was remarkable. Many evenings when the air was
very cold in the valley and always followed by severe hoarfrost during
night, no moths were observed until half way up the hill, when I reached
what I might call the frost line. Only reversed from the usual application
of this term in relation to higher mountain sections ; the frost extended
down instead of up the hill. On rainy nights and during generally warm
weather the moths were evenly distributed over hill and vailey and some
good captures were made in my lot on the baited posts.

An interesting phase in the study of insects is the distribution of
certain species. For instance, in the case of Scopelusoma and G/ea, which
apparently find their food-plants among the hard timbers, Mr. Marloff,
although he collected just as diligently as I did and over considerable
territory, took but few of the former in comparison to the material I col-
lected, and G/ea were nearly totally absent in his section. The woods
are farther removed from his collecting grounds, and it would seem as if
these moths do not venture very far from their breeding place. Again,
several kinds were taken by Mr. Marloff during this period which did not
occur at all with me. ‘These probably find their food among fruit trees,
berry fields or other vegetation in farm lands which are the environments
of that section. Although a certain species may range over a large terri-
tory,it may, nevertheless, be extremely rare in intermediate sections between
the known limits of its habitat, all depending on the absence or presence
of the natural conditions favourable to the existence of its kind. During
October and November I took thirteen species of Xy/iva here, some of
which are reported common in the New England States and some occur
as far west as British Columbia. Leaving avtennata, laticinerea, Grotet
and uwximoda out of consideration, I may safely say that the balance are

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109

quite rare here when I consider the time spent and the extent of the terri-
tory collected over by myself and Mr. Marloff. Our captures of Bethunei
were twenty, and of ferrea/is nine specimens. The other kinds occurred
in one, two or three examples only.

Apparently, collecting of a similar nature to that described here was
_ done by Mr. Charles F. Goodhue, of Webster, N.H., if we may judge from
his very creditable list of Noctuidz published in ‘Entomological News,”
Vol. X., page 221. If we speculate on the possibilities of what might be
accomplished in the course of a few years if all Lepidopterists who have the |
suitable environments would turn in and do a little work on this basis, it
certainly seems natural to wish that ail would do so, Not only late in the
fall but early in the spring and all through the season should the different
methods of collecting be practised, if one desires to have the fauna of his
locality approximately complete. The collecting of all caterpillars unknown
to the collector and the rearing of these to maturity is a very essential part
in the study of entomology and should not be neglected. The beginner
will derive more knowledge from carefully observing the life-history of
half a dozen species than by rushing in and accumulating a thousand more
or less dilapidated looking creatures ina year. In most cases these first
captures tumble about in all manners of boxes, and in a year or two, when
the eye is trained to notice the appearance of properly prepared material,
they are discarded and the work is done over again. It is a pleasure to
possess a collection, be it ever so small, if nicely arranged. By making
the proper beginning—that is, starting slow and learning to know the
species in the collection—the student gradually gains an intimate knowl-
edge of the classification of insects, and his interest deepens as the years
pass by.

List of species taken at sugar during the period mentioned in the
preceding paper :

Perigea xanthioides, Guenée.—Oct. to-20. Common.

“« -vecors, Guenée.—Oct. 5-20, Common.

Oligia grata, Hiibner.—Oct. 4-17. Common.

Hadena mactata, Grote.—Oct.\3-19. Fairly common.

Pyrophila pyramidoides, Guenée.—Oct. 3-29. Common.

Prodenia commeline, Sth and Adbésot.—Oct. 5. One specimen.

(Engel.)
Prodenia ornithogalli, Gwenée.—Oct. 5-18. Not abundant this season.

110

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Laphygma frugiperda, Smith and Abbot.—Oct. 7-18. Rare. this
season.
Magusa dissidens, Fe/der.—Oct. 10-17. Twospecimens. (Marloff.)
Agrotis badinodis, Grote.—Oct. 3-20. Not abundant.
** ypsilon, Rott,—Oct. 7-Nov. 29. Common.
Peridromia margaritosa, Haworth.—Oct. 3-29. Common.

“ incivis, Guenée.—Oct. 1-20. Four specimens. (Marloff.)
Feltia annexa, Zreit.—Oct. 25. Two specimens. (Marloff.)
Paragrotis Bostoniensis, Grote.—Oct. 4-17. Rare.

Heliophila unipuncta, Haworth.—Oct. 7-20. Common.
ss pseudargyria, Gwenée.—Oct. 4-20. Not common.
x multilinea, Wadker.—Oct. 18-Nov. 4. Rare.
Xylina disposita, Morrison.—Oct. 20-25. Two specimens.
“ antennata, Wa/ker.—Oct. 5-Jan. 2. Abundant.
“ Jaticinerea, Grote.—Oct. 16-Jan. 2. Common.
«“ Grotei, Rizey.—Oct. 19-Nov. 20. Fairly common.
** ferrealis, Grote-—Oct. 4—Nov. 20. Nine specimens.
“ signosa, Walker.—Oct. 2-20. Three specimens. (Marloff.)
“ innominata, Smith.— Oct. 20-Nov. 20. Two specimens.
“ — Bethunei, Grote and Rob.—Oct. t-Jan. 2. Twenty specimens.
“ oriunda, Grofe.—Oct. 8. One specimen. (Engel.)
*“ —unimoda, Zzntner.—Oct. 16-Jan. 2. Abundant.
* tepida, Grote.—Oct. 17. One specimen. (Engei.)
“© querquera, Grote-—Oct. 20. One specimen. (Engel.)
“nigrescens, Avzge/.—Oct. 25-Nov. 20. Three specimens.
(Engel.)
“ pexata, Grote.—Oct. 2-Nov. 8. Three specimens.
Calocampa curvimacula, Morrison.—Oct. 16-Nov. 2. Five speci-
mens. (Marloff.)
Jodia rufago, Hiibner. Oct. 20-Nov. 20. Three specimens. (Marloff.)
Eucirrceedia pampina, Guenée.—Oct. 4-10. Quite common.
Orthosia bicolorago, Aiibner.—Oct. 3-Nov. 20. This variable
species was the commonest observed, dozens occurring on some
of the baited trees.
Scopelosoma indirecta, Wadker.—Oct. 21. Four specimens.
Scopelosoma Moffatiana, Grote.—Oct. 5—Jan. 2. Not rare, most of
them occurred late in October,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. EEE

Scopelosoma Pettiti, Grote.—Nov. 8. One specimen. (Engel.)

si tristigmata, Grote-—Oct. 13-Jan. 2. Fairly common.
ss Walkeri, Grote.—Oct. 21-Nov. 20. Rare.

si sidus, Guenée.—Oct. 17-Jan. 2. Common.

° Morrisoni, Grote.—Oct. 13-Jan. 2. Abundant.

= devia, Grote.—Oct. 5-Jan. 2. Ten specimens.

Glea inulta, Grote.-—Oct. 4-20. Ten specimens. (Engel.)

‘© sericea, Morrison.—Oct. 2-25. Rare.

“ signata, Hrench.—Nov. 20. Onespecimen. (Engel.)
Heliothis-armiger, Wiibner.—Oct. 5-12. Rare.
Alabama argillacea, Wiibner.—Oct. 5-17. Common.
Anomis erosa, Hiibner.—Oct. 1-18. Two specimens. (Marloff.)
Galgula hepara, Guwenée.—Oct. 6-2c. Not common this season.
Catocala vidua, Smith & Abbot.—Oct. 5. One specimen. (Engel.)

o: cara, Guenée.—Oct. 8-12. Severai specimens.
. piatrix, Grote-—Oct. 8-20. Three specimens. » (Engel.)
eS cerogama, Guenée.—Oct. 8. One specimen. (Engel.)

ee habilis, Grote.—Oct. 10. One specimen. (Engel.)
Hypocala andremona, Cramer.—Oct. 10. One specimen. (Marloff.)
Remigia repanda, Fadricius.—Oct. 4-15. Common and very variable.
Anticarsia gemmatilis, Wibner.—Oct. 21. One specimen. (Engel.)
Homoptera lunata, Drury.—Oct. 5-29. Common and extremely
variable.
Epizeuxis americalis, Guenée.—Oct. 4-10. Several specimens.

Plathypena scabra, Fabricius.—Oct. 20-Dec. 27. Common.
Pseudothyatira expultrix, Grote—Oct. 11-Nov.'2. Several speci-

mens. (Marloff.)
Macaria simulata, Hu/st.—Oct. 4. One specimen. (Marloff.)
Sabulodes transversata, Drury.—Oct. 2-25. Common.

PROFESSOR ALPHAEUS S. PACKARD, M.D., Pua., D.

It is with profound regret that we record the death of Dr. Packard,
which took place at his residence in Providence, Rhode Island, on the
14th of February; he was sixty-six years of age. This distinguished
entomologist was the author of a large number of both popular and
scientific books and papers on insects during the last forty years. Among
the more important of these are his ‘‘ Guide to the Study of Insects”;
*« Synopsis of the Bombycidz of the United States” ; ‘‘ Monograph of the
Bombycine Moths of North America, Part i, Notodontide ;” ‘“‘ Monograph

112, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the Geometrid Moths of the United States” ; “ Entomology for Begin-
ners” ; “A Text-book of Entomology,” etc. He also published a series
of class-books for schcols and colleges on general Zoology ; ‘‘ Outlines of
Comparative Embryology,” etc. As long ago as 1877 he was appointed,
with the late Prof. Riley and Dr. Cyrus Thomas, a special Entomological
Commission by the United States Congress to report upon the depreda-
tions of the Rocky Mountain Locust in the Western States and Territories.
For this purpose he traversed a large region of country on both sides of the
Rocky Mountains and as far as the Pacific cost, and was joint author with
his colleagues of the voluminous reports which were subsequently pub-
lished. In November, 1868, he was elected an honorary member of the
Entomological Society of Ontario, and was an occasional contributor to
this magazine. At the time of his death he was Professor of Zoolozy and
Geology at Brown University.

BOOK NOTICE.

THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE KOoreNAl District OF BritisH COLUMBIA —
By Harrison G. Dyar. (Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. xxvil.,
pages 779-938.)

This paper, published last year, is not a mere list of names, but an
annotated record of species collected by Dr. Dyar and others at Kaslo and
other places in the mountain districts of Southern and South-eastern British

Columbia during 1903, and by Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, during several

previous seasons. Six hundred and fifty-three species are recorded from

the district, from an examination of about 25,000 specimens, and one
hundred and sixty-seven species of larve are noticed, some of them in all
their stages, and a large number of these are described for the first time.

There are a number of species new to science described in the paper, and

several from the district and out of the same material are treated of that

the author has recently described elsewhere. It is rather to be regretted
that no references to these are given. Comparison of obscure or doubtful
forms with material from other localities is a noteworthy feature, and some
changes in synonymy are proffered. Dr. Dyar wishes it to be known that
he is willing to send a copy of the paper to any Canadian collector who
will write to him for one, as long as his separates last. It should certainly
be in the hands of everyone interested in the order.

F. H. Wo .tey Dop,

Mailed March 8th, 1905.

CAN, ENT., VOL. XXXVII.

PLATE IV.

ib.

le.

E-MWalker de/

LOCUSTIDAE OF ONTARIO.

The Ganailiay ¥ntomolonist,

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, APRIL, 1905. No. 4

NOTES ON THE LOCUSTID OF ONTARIO.
BY E. M. WALKER, B. A., M. B., TORONTO.
(Continued irom p. 38.)

Sub-family DECTITCITNZ.

22, ATLANTICUS PACHYMERUS, Burm.—The Shield-back Grasshopper.

Decticus pachymerus, Burm., Handb. der Ent., IL, 1838, 712.

Thyreonotus pachymerus, Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII.,
1862, 453-

Atlanticus pachymerus, Scudd., Can. Ent., XXVI., 1894, 179.

Measurements: Length of body, ¢ 17-23 mm., 2, 20-22 mm;
of pronotum, ¢ 8.8-9.3 mm., 2 8.5-g mm.; of hind femora, 4
16 mm, ¢? 16.5 mm.; of tegmina, ¢ 7.3-8 mm.; of ovipositor,
18.3-19 mm.

This large brown insect, the ‘‘ Shield-back Grasshopper,” is readily
known from all others in our fauna by the large size of the pronotum,
which extends back over the first abdominal segment, the rudimentary
tegmina in the male and the absence of these organs in the female.

The only Ontario specimens I have seen are three males and two
females, which I captured at Arner, Essex Co., on Aug. 9, tg01. They
were found in the more open parts of a dry upland wood, consisting
chiefly of oak and other hardwoods. Most of them were found on the
short grass which was growing on the slopes of a ravine in the wood.

Sub-family STEMOPELMATINE.

The only genus represented in Ontario is Ceuthophilus, and it isa
very difficult one to deal with, only the matured males of many species
being separable in anything like a satisfactory manner.

Through the kindness of Mr. Henshaw I was able to compare my
specimens with those in the Scudder collection, and found that our
commonest species is undescribed, and that Scudder’s types of ‘terrestris
include two species, one of which is identical with C. neglectus, Scudd.

The characters which I find of most value in separating the species
of this genus are the form of the sub-genital plate and ninth dorsal segment

114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the males. The former, especially, varies greatly in shape, but,
strangely enough, has been quite ignored by entomologists.

Key to males of the species of Ceuthophilus found in Ontario :

A. Hind margin of 9th dorsal segment of abdomen distinctly emargin-

e ; hind tibiz arcuate in their basal third........ 1. maculatus,
AA. Hind margin of 9th dorsal segment entire, rounded. Hind tibiz
straight.

B. Outer carina of hind femora with less than 20 spines,
usually 12 or 13, well separated from one
SOME PO et eh cia ete ae 2. pallidipes, n. sp.
BB. Outer carina of hind femora with 25-30 small teeth, crowded
together over two-thirds or more of its length.

C. Hind femora as long as or barely shorter than hind
tibie, and not more than 3 times as long as
broad ; fore femora but little longer than
PLONOLUM © 2% vi ndes : .3. neglectus.

CC. Hind femora aisGnctly shone alae one-tenth)
than hind tibie, 334 times as long as broad;
fore femora at least a third longer than
pronotumy: ... 2 2.). s-\) 2e+ ae = Sen: eee!

23. CEUTHOPHILUS MACULATUS, Say.—The Spotted Stone Cricket.

Rhaphidophora maculata (Say, MS.), Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1841,
126.

Phalangopsis maculata, Harr., Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, 155.

Ceuthophilus maculatus, Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII,
1862, 434.

Measurements: Length of body, ¢ 14 mm., 2 16 mm.; of
pronotum, ¢ 4.6 mm., 9 4.8 mm.; of anterior femora, ¢ 6.6 mm., @
5.8 mm.; of hind femora, ¢ 15.5 mm., 2 15 mm.; of hind tibiae, ¢
16mm., 9 15.3 mm.; of ovipositor, 9.3 mm.

On July rst, 1903, while collecting at Niagara Glen, I found a
number of Ceuthophili under two or three large flat stones ina dry open
wood, just above the Glen. They were nearly all immature, but three
males appear to be full-grown, or nearly so, and are easily recognizable as
maculatus. This is the only time I have come across this species in
Ontario, although I have found it common in certain parts of Quebec. It
is doubtless, however, pretty generally distributed over the Province,
wherever suitable conditions for its existence obtain,

se

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115

The measurements given are taken from mature examples from the
Isle d’Orleans, P. Q., as my Ontario ones, if fuil-grown, are rather
undersized.

I found this species in considerable numbers on the Isle d’Orleans,
under flat stones at the bottom of a wooded hill. They were associated
with C. terrestris.

The best character for distinguishing’ the males of this species from
those of the other species of this region is the emarginate hind margin of
the oth dorsal segment and the peculiar shape (PI. IV., fig. 1) of the sub-
genital plate. ‘The fore femora are frequently more than a third longer
than the pronotum.

24. CEUTHOPHILUS PALLIDIPES, sp. nov.

Of medium size and moderately stout. Fore femora no stouter than the
middle pair, one third or a little more, longer than the pronotum, and about
three-sevenths the length of the hind femora. Fore tarsi faintly or no
longer than the pronotum, rather slender. Middle femora with 1-3 spines
on the front carina, and with o-3 on the hind besides the genicular spine.
Hind femora about as long as the body, moderately stout, about 3%
times as long as broad, the upper margin more convex than the lower,
which is nearly straight in its proximal half. A very few raised points
usually present on the upper part of the inner surface. Inferior sulcus
very narrow, except at apex, rather deep, rounded when not altered in
shape by drying. The spines on the outer and inner carine inthe male
are very variable, both in number and size, but are never conspicuous.
There may be from to to 18 on the outer and 8 to 15 on the inner, but
are usually 12 or 13 on each. They are nearly equal in size, and more or
less irregularly scattered over the apical half o® two-thirds of each carine.
In the female there are about the same number, or fewer, very minute and
delicate spines distributed in a similar manner. Hind tibie faintly longer
than the femora, moderately slender, the spurs longer than the tibial depth,
usually set at an angle of 60° or 70° with the tibiw, but very variable in
this respect. Inner middle calcaria nearly or quite as long as the first
tarsal joint. Extremity of male abdomen slightly swollen, the gth dorsal
segment somewhat upturned and produced into a short truncate supra-
anal plate, its corners well rounded. Subgenital plate of male large,
convex and upturned, divided by a deep median fissure into two spoon-
shaped lobes, which slightly overlap in the middle line. Each lobe is
about one-half longer than broad, its upper margin nearly straight,

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

separated from that of the opposite lobe by a V-shaped space, and
meeting the straight anterior margin at a right angle. Cerci very nearly
as long as the breadth of the hind femora, tapering from a fairly stout
base. Ovipositor about three-fifths the length of the hind femora, nearly
straight, tapering, especially in the proximal half, the basal third consider-
ably swollen ; apex upturned and sharply pointed. ‘Teeth of inner valves
five, sharp, nearly equidistant.

General colour pale reddish-brown. Two broad shining black bands -
above, fading into pale yeliowish-brown half way down the sides of the
thorax, and separated by a broad mesial band of orange or reddish-brown,
which passes along the thorax to the first or second abdominal segments,
where it begins to be broken up into small spots. These spots are small
and few on the pronotum, but become larger and more numerous
posteriorly, forming tolerably regular transverse rows on the abdominal
segments, there being a single row for each segment. The dark colour
often becomes more grayish and less shiny on the abdominal segments.
Eyes deep black ; antennze brownish, annulate with pale yellowish. Face,
under side of body, and legs, pale reddish or yellowish brown. Fore and
middle femora infuscated apically; hind femora pale reddish-brown,
mottled above with darker brown, the usual scalariform markings rather
pale, much less distinct than in C. maculatus or terrestris. Hind tibie
and tarsi pale yellowish, the spurs deep black at base, pale apically.
Cerci reddish-brown, infuscated apically. Ovipositor shining reddish-
brown.
Measurements: Length of body, g 9,14 mm; of pronotum, 2
4.1 mm., 9 4.3 mm.; of fore femora, g ¢, 5.8 mm.; of hind femora,
d 13.5 mm., 2 14 mm.;of hind tibie, ¢ 9, 148 mm.; of ovipositor,
g mm.

Ten males, 10 females. Niagara Glen, Ont., Aug. 18, 1904;
Toronto, Aug. 5, 1904; De Grassi Pt., Lake Simcoe, July t3-15, r1got,
Sept. 7, 1902, July 18, 19, 1904 ; Lake Muskoka (small island) Aug. 27,
1899; Ragged Lake, Algonquin Park, Aug. 17, 1903.

This species is most closely related to C. /atens, Scudd., although
differing greatly from that species in the character of the spines on the
under side of the hind femora of the male, the latter being also much

stouter in Zatens, It closely approaches /afens, however, in all other
respects, including the peculiar structure of the male genitalia. The
ovipositor in Zatens is less swollen at base. In colour and markings the
two species are nearly identical, but in size /afens is much the larger.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LEZ

C. pallidipes is the commonest species of the genus in central
Ontario, usually occurring under chunks and small logs in woods. On
Aug. 8, 1904, I found them in some numbers on the slope of one of the

Rosedale ravines at Toronto, but the area over which they occurred was
limited to a few acres. There were two or three or more individuals
under nearly every chunk of wood, most of them mature. At De Grassi
Point, Lake Simcoe, I have occasionally taken them in rotten sodden
logs. In one such log seven adults were found together.

As is commonly the case in Ceuthophilus, the young nymphs may be
found at any time in the year, for although most of them mature in the
summer from eggs hatched in the spring, a few pass the winter as young
nymphs, the eggs not having hatched until the fall. They usually reach
maturity about the first or second week in July, and continue until the
second week in September.

2&6. CEUTHOPHILUS NEGLECTUS, Scudd.

Ceuthophilus maculatus (pars), Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VIE;
434 (1862),

Ceuthophilus terrestris (pars), Scudd., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sc.,
XXX , 46 (1894).

Ceuthophilus neglectus, Scudd., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sc., XXX.,
67 (1894).

I have but one pair of this species, about half grown, taken from
under a stone at Niagara Glen, Aug. 18, 1904. A number of very young
individuals were also found with them. They were kindly determined for
me by Mr. A. P. Morse, who compared them with material in the Scudder
collection. I was afterwards able to confirm his determination.

C. neglectus is an eastern species, ranging from Vermont and
Northern New York to Virginia.

Figs. 3, 3a, Pl. 5, were drawn from one of Scudder’s type specimens.
Figs. 3b, 3c are from my immature male, and probably do not exactly
represent the form of the subgenital plate in the adult.

26. CEUTHOPHILUS TERRESTRIS, Scudd.

Rhaphidophora lapidicola, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
Vit 7 (1861).

Ceuthophilus lapidicolus, Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII., 435
(1862). ‘
Phatlangopsis lapidicola, Bess., Rep. Iowa Agric. Coll., VII., 206
(1877).

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Ceuthophilus terrestris, Scudd., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sc., XXX.,
46 (1894).

Measurements: Length of body, ¢ 12.5 mm. 9? 14 mm.; of
pronotum, f 4.5 mm., 2 4.25 mm.; of fore femora, ¢ 6.3 mm., 9
5-75 mm.; of hind femora, ¢ 14.3 mm., ? 12.7 mm.; of hind tibiz, ¢
15.5 mm., 9 14 mm.; of ovipositor, 7.5 mm.

This is the species to which most of Scudder’s types belong, but the
few mature males in the collection are identical with meglectus, and his
description of ferrestvis is evidently based partly upon these. His state-
ments regarding the hind femora and tibiz especially apply to meglectus.
The chief distinctions between the two species in this particular are given
in the above key. The legs in ferrestris are much longer and more
slender; and the scalariform markings on the hind femora much more
distinct, closely resembling those of macu/atus, though usually paler, as
Scudder himself has defined them.

C. terrestris has a more northern range than meglectus, being charac-
teristic of the Boreai and ‘Transition zones. ;

The specimens of undoubted ¢errestrzs in the Scudder collection are
from the following localities: Anticosti; Gorham, Norway, and Moosehead,
Lake region, Me.; Mt. Washington and Franconia, N. H.

In Ontario I have taken it at Niagara Glen, Aug. 18, 1904; Toronto,
Aug. 8, 1904; Goderich, Aug. 19, 1901 ; De Grassi Pt., Lake Simcoe,
June 29, 1gor (half grown), Sept. 7, 1902 ; and I have alsoa female from
Morris Id., Lake Joseph, Muskoka, taken by Mr. E. M. Morris, July 12,
1888. Ihave not found ¢errestris common anywhere in Ontario, but
came across it in considerable numbers on the Isle d’Orleans, P. Q., Aug.,
1904, under flat stones, at the foot of a wooded hill. It was in company .
with C. maculatus.

Mr. J. A. G. Rehn has recently reported the true ferrestris from

Keweenaw Bay, Lake Michigan.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate IV.

Fig. 1. Ceuthophilus maculatus, ¢, Isle d’Orleans, P. Q. ( x 3).

ta. Ceuthophilus maculatus, 3, terminal segments of abdomen from

above ( x 10).

1b. Ceuthophilus maculatus, ¢, subgenital plate, from below ( x 10).

Ic. i ‘“* subgenital plate, lateral view (x 10).

2. a pallidipes, ‘* Lake Simcoe, Ont. ( x 3).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119

Fig. 2a. Ceuthophilus pallidipes, ¢, terminal segment of abdomen ( x 10).

2b. 2 . ‘“* subgenital plate, from below ( x 10).
26. z3 pi ‘* subgenital plate, lateral view (x 10).
Plate V.
Fig. 3. Ceuthophilus neglectus, é Scudder’s type ( x 3).

aa. ds ef terminal segments of abdomen ( x ro).
3b. = ‘** subgenital-plate, from below ( x 10),
Sei “ ‘s ‘* subgenital plate, lateral view (x 10).
4. ss temesiris;~ “ Isle-d’ Orleans, P. Q. ( x 3):

4a. s ‘“* terminal segments of abdomen ( x 10).
4b. is . ‘“« subgenital plate, from below ( x ro).

4c. ce as “* subgenital plate, lateral view (x 10).

ASSINIBOIA MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, COLLECTED BY MR.
ft. Wy) WEGLING.
BY W. D.. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.
(Continued from page 93.)

Tortrix Sale Walk.—Five specimens ; Lethbridge, Macleod
and Pine Creek; VII.,8,to VIL, :3. Larger and the bands more suffused
than Eastern specimens.

Tortrix argentana, Clerck.—Three specimens ; Macleod and Leth-
bridge ; VIII., 8 to 15. 1 have a long series of this species from Western
America, south nearly to Mexico, and north to British Columbia, like-
wise a series from Europe, and every time I examine them I am impressed
with the feeling that our American species differs from the European, but
further study is required before deciding either way, in the meantime the
European name can stand. ‘This Tortrix is easily mistaken for Crambus
perlellus, Scop. See comparative notes under the latter name.

Eulia triferana, Walk.—Two specimens; Regina, VI., 8 to 20,
rather badly rubbed, but matching exactly Eastern examples in my collec-
tion under this name; this species is either the most variable of all
Lepidoptera or else a good many more than one Mave been lumped under
the one name. This is the most Western record I know of.

Phalonia angulatana, Rob.—One specimen; Regina, VI., 18. New
Western record, common in the Eastern States, and recorded from Texas.
PYRALIDZ.

Nomophila noctuella, Schiff.—One specimen ; Regina, IX., 5. Com-
mon in all known regions of the world,,

April, igos.

IRA Sees THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Loxostege chortalis, Grt.—Six specimens ; Regina, VI., 18. Rather
common, wherever it 1s found, from North Atlantic States westward. A
dainty quaker-gray species, with fine rippling lines of a darker shade.

Pyrausta submedialis, Grt.—Nine specimens ; Regina, VIIJ., 11, to
VIII, 11. Eight of typical light form, one very dark, lines almost
obsolete.

Pyrausta unifascialis, Pack.—Three specimens; Calgary, VI., 6;
Macleod, VII., 2; Saltcoats, (?) ViI., 13. This is quite common through-
out the West, and is subject to a very wide range of variation, both in
size and colour, as the several synonyms indicate.

Pyrausta fodinalis, Led.—Three specimens; Macleod, VI., 28—VIL.,
2; Calgary, VII., 6. .

Pyrausta ochosalis, Dyar (not Fitch).—Two specimens; Macleod,
VII., 3 ; Pine Creek, VII., rr. Recorded from Kaslo, by Dyar, and very
well represented by fig. 57, plate XLVIL., in Holland’s Moth Book.

Loxostege sticticalis, Linn.—Twelve specimens ; Regina, VL., 8, to
VIIL., 15 ; Calgary, VII., 6 ; Abernethy, VI., 27 ; Indian Head, VI., 209.
This common species is found throughout the Middle Northwest.

Loxostege commixtalis, Walk.—Two specimens ; Regina, VI., 18,
_very similar to preceding, but can be separated by the yellow outer
marginal line which widens into a narrow irregular fascia, and the presence
of numerous short horizontal black lines and dots.

Cornifrons simalis, Grt.—One specimen; Lethbridge, VII., 11.
Recorded by Dyar, from Kalso, previous records. Montana and Oregon.
I have a long series from Utah (Poling).

_ Scoparia centuriella, Schiff.—Three specimens ; Lethbridge, VIL., 11.
Pine.Creek, VU. 125 Caleary, VAL,

Pyralis farinalis, Linn.— One specimen; Lethbridge, VII., 11. This
is the common Grain-moth treated of in all lists of injurious insects; it prob-
ably feeds on a number of roots and stored foods ; I have bred it from
dried Tulip and Crocus bulbs.

Crambus plumbifimbriellus, Dyar.—Five specimens; Lethbridge,
Vil; 38:

Crambus perlellus, Scop.—Nine specimens; Regina, Lethbridge,
Macleod and St. Albert, VII., 3, to VIII., 15. This pure pearly-white
Crambid is reported by Dr. Fletcher and Mr. Willing to occur in myriads,
every step through the grass of the prairie lands disturbing dozens. ‘This
species is very often confounded with. Zortrix argentana, Clerck, The

; CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXVII. PLATE V

3b. Loe

EMWalker de.

LOCUSTIDAE OF ONTARIO.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121

coloration and size of both are identical, and they can only be separated
by structural characters. The easiest to observe is the length of the palpi,
which in the Tortrix is hardly as long as the head, while in the Crambid
the palpi project forward between two and three times the length of the
head.

Crambus pascuellus, Linn.—Two specimens ; Lethbridge, VIL, rr.
I have no Eastern or European examples of this species, it compares
exactly with a long series from Verdi, Nev., (Vachell), and South Utah,
(Poling). Fernald states that the larve feed on grass, and habitat from
Massachusetts to California and Europe.

Crambus:trisectus, WWalk.—-Seven specimens ; Regina, VIII., 13.
Do not differ from a long series from Colorado (Nashj, Manitoba (Heath),
and other Western localities. Can be easily identified,-as it is one of the
largest of the pale- or ashy-brown species without metallic ornamentation,
with two oblique darker brown lines parallel to outer margin, one about
middie of wing, the other between it and margin; these dark lines are
easily rubbed off, and while some specimens show only the costal half, in
others it is almost obliterated. Fernald’s figure, in Crambide of North
America, is as muck unlike this species as it is possible to draw it.

Thaumatopsis Fernaldella, sp. nov.—Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen,
egs, and front wing, light ochreous-brown, or pale fawn-colour.

Front wing: A darker shade of brown along costa from base to
inner third.

A median white streak from base to end of cell, beginning at base as
a line and widening on its lower edge until it involves the whole width of
cell at its outer end. The lower edge of this streak overlaid with a line of
dark brown scales and a shade of lighter brown above the dark line.
Above the white streak is a brown shade from inner third to apex, inter-
rupied at end of cell, a thin, very dark line between this shade and the
white. Beyond end of cell the white streak is outlined by a brown shade
forming an abbreviated transverse fascia.

A narrow white sub-terminal fascia, overlaid with silvery-metallic
scales from dark shade to dorsal margin, is bounded inwardly and out-
wardly by brown lines. Between end of cell and sub-terminal line, the
veins are white, vein vii. being most pronounced and the white line over
this vein is the one that interrupts and indents the brown shades above
median white streak. A short, oblique streak of brown on middle of
dorsal margin. On costa, before apex, a pale spot, and adjoining it

April, 1gos.

122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

towards base a slighter darker spot, both of which are the terminations of
faint, almost obsolete lines of these colours lying above dark median
shades. Seven dark purple or black dots on extreme outer margin, one
at end of each vein, the space between these dots and sub-terminal line,
ground colour, not crossed by white or brown lines. Cilia white, dotted
with fuscous, and with a narrow, silvery-white metallic line at its base,
through which runs a thin line of fuscous.

Hind wing: Above and beneath pale fuscous with a purplish.
reflection, in some specimens nearly white towards base; cilia white.
Under side front wing brownish-fuscous.

Antenne pectinate in ¢. Expanse 23 to 31-mm.

Sixteen specimens ; Anglesea, N. J., June and September ; Key West,
Fla.; Las Cruces, N. M., (Cockerell 2071) ; Walter’s St., Cal., April,
(J. B. Smith); Yellowstone Park, Wyo., July, (H. S. Burrison) ; Fort
Collins, Colo., August, (C. F. Baker); South Utah, July, (W. Barnes,
M.D.). Co-types U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 8218; collections of Prof. Fernald,
and my collection.

The Key West specimen is the most strongly marked ; it differs from
all of the others in several particulars, notably: The transverse median
line is well defined and continued to dorsal margin, but interrupted
between each vein; between the dorsal margin and median streak are a
number of white horizontal dashes and the sub-terminal line curves inward
to a greater degree, leaving a much wider space between it and termen.
This specimen is, therefore, included with a question mark.

Fernald’s figure of 7. edonis, Grt., very fairly represents the mark-
ings of the front wings of typical specimens, and I should have been
inclined to refer my specimens to Grote’s species, but Prof. Fernald
assures me that they are not the same, and I take pleasure in bestowing
his name on this widely-distributed species.

I have specimens from Mr. Willing that are marked very much the
same as Fernalded/a, but the colours are ashy-gray, with no ochreous
shades, these may prove to be a distinct species, but I prefer to regard it
at present as a variety.

Thaumatopsis Fernaldella, var. nortedia, var. nov.—Palpi pale gray, _
heavily speckled with dark purplish ; antennz same, pectinate in ¢; head

and thorax cinereous. ;
Fore wing: Ashy-gray, with median white streak and dark shades

same as Ferna/del/a, but latter much more intense, nearly black. The
transverse dark shade at end of cell is absent, and the white median streak

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123

continues outward to termen, in a broad white shade. The sub-terminal
line is obsolete and the row of black dots nearly so.. Hind wings less
white and more whitish-purple or ashy-white.

Seven specimens ; Regina, VII., 20, to VIII., 13 ; Lethbridge, VII.,
mi bincher, VIL, 10. Co-types, U. S. Nat: Mus., No. 8219; Mr.
Willing’s collection and my collection.

Ambesa letella, Grt.—Two specimens ; Regina, VIL, 20.

Laodamia fusca, Haw.—Three specimens ; Regina, VIII., 13.

Epischnia Botsduvaliella, Gn.— Four specimens ; Regina, VI., 18 ;
leer s, aud 1X. , 2.

Hulstia undulatedla, C\.—Four specimens ; Lethbridge, VII., rr.

Homeosoma electellum, Hulst.—One specimen ; Regina. Bred from
larva on buds of Grindelia. Larva, IX., 19; issued-X., 5. Accompany-
ing this specimen is a very well preserved larva, and at the request of Dr.
Dyar I make the following brief description :

Length, 11 mm. Robust, cylindrical, thoracic segments ‘tapering to
head. Diameter through abdominal segments, 2 mm.; width head, 1 mm.
The larva is very beautifully marked with five purple and four yellow
streaks from head to anal segment. ‘The dorsal stripe is purple, one sub_
dorsal and one sub-spiracular on each side of the same colour, Between
these bands are yellow stripes of about half the width of the purple;
Goubtless the yellow of the dried larva was a dull or light green when
alive. Ventral region dull ochreous-yellow (also green naturally ?).

Head: Small, rounded, retracted, not outstretched, light chestnut
brown, mouth-parts and ocellic field dark brown and a horizontal black
streak caudad from latter on each lobe, ocellt pale luteous, raised like tiny
drops of dew. Antenne either very short or broken off of this specimen.
Clypeus high, sides straight, triangularly to a point at top of head. P. t.
shield large, chitinous, shining ochreous, with a posterior black line on
dorsum, extending down on each side and enlarging into an ovate black
spot; narrowly surrounding this spot, except posteriorly, is a pale yellow
line. Thoracic feet very dark brown or black, short. Four pairs
abdominal and one pair anal feet, crochets well developed, in closed
circles, hooks brown. Anal shield small, hardly chitinous, cinereous.
Sete short. Tubercles: Abdominal segments: i. very slightly dorsad to
il.; iii. dorsad and slightly caudad to spiracle; iv. and v. ventrad to
spiracle, close together, vertical to each other, but not on same plate; vi-
and vii. in usual positions: Meso-thoracic segment; ia. & ib,; iia. & ub.

124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Peoria approximella, Walk.-=One typical specimen; Regina, VII., 20.
I am indebted to Dr. Dyar for names of ali Phycits.
YPONOMEUTIDA.

Choreutis extrincicella, Dyar.—One specimen; Regina, VI., 24,
Exactly the same as type, can be easily separated from any other species
of this genus, by the narrow white transverse line beyond base, and the
radiating white lines in outer quarter.

GELECHIID2.

Gelechia variabilis, Busck.—One specimen ; Regina, VIII., 15.

Gelechia albisparsedla, Cham.—Three specimens ; Lethbridge, VIL,
ag

Gelechia nigrimaculella, Busck.—One specimen ; Regina, VIII.,23.

Gelechia ornatifimbriella, Clem.—One specimen ; Regina, VL, 18.

Gnorimoschema trioceliella, Cham.—Seven specimens ; Regina, V.,
BS WON i, a5.

Trichotaphe juncidella, Clem.—One specimen ; Regina, VIII., r5.

Ypsolophus liguletdus, Hbn.—One specimen ; Regina, IX., 2.

CECOPHORIDZ.

Depressaria argillacea, W\sm.—One specimen ; Regina, IV., 29.

Semioscopsis inornata, Wism.—One 92; Red Deer, IV., 18. This
species has also been recently received from Mr. Heath and Mr. Criddle,
and fully bears out Dr. Dyar’s conclusions (ante xxxiv., p. 319), that it is
distinct. It more nearly resembles a large gray Geometrid, and seems_
much out of place in the Micro-Lepidoptera. I believe this is the first
record of capture since the original description. In Bul. 52, U. S. N.M.,
the locality is ‘‘ unknown.”

TINEID2.

Tineola bisselliella, Hum.—Two specimens ; Regina, VI., 7-8. The
common clothes moth.

Tinea croceoverticella, Cham.—Two specimens ; Regina, V., 29-VI.,
3, labelled ‘‘in house.” I am not entirely certain of this identification.

Tinea granella, Linn.—One specimen; Regina, VI., 15. Rather
badly broken, but the identification seems good.

Besides the above, there are two or three species that I cannot make
out at this time.

Since completing the above notes Mr. Willing has been good enough
to send me a large map of a part of the Northwest Territories, from which
I add the following to better identify the localities mentioned.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125

Regina and Indian Head are in the Eastern part of Assiniboia, about
the middle of the great wheat belt.

Medicine Hat is in the Western end of the same Province.

Lethbridge, Macleod and Pincher are just above the United States
line in the Southern end of Alberta. .

St. Albert is the Northern terminus of the Calgary and Strathcona
(Edmonton) branch of the C. P. R., and nearly the Northern end of
Alberta.

Pine Creek is in Alberta, between Macleod and St. Albert.

From the apparent topography, I assume all of the Assiniboia locali-
ties are in the great stretch of prairie land, which likely partially con-
tinues into the Eastern half of Alberta ; Pincher and Pine Creek are in the
lower foot-hills, and St. Albert in the vast forest and lake districts of the
Northwest.

THE GENUS VENUSIA AND ITS INCLUDED SPECIES.
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

If it were necessary to emphasize the need of revision in the
Geometrina, the genus Venusia furnishes an excellent example. It was
established by Curtis, an English writer, in 1839, with cambrica, Curt., as
its type. Since that time, three additional species, according to Mr.
Meyrick, from New Zealand have been placed under it. In our own
fauna, Dr. Hulst placed three species as its representatives—camobrica,
Curt., comptaria, Walk., duodecimlineata, Pack. Cambrica, the type, has
a world-wide distribution. It flies in England, in Northern Europe, across
Northern Asia, in Japan, and in the north temperate zone of America.
Comptaria is found in Canada, the mountainous regions of New England
and New York, and along the Appalachian range as far south as Pennsyl-
vania and probably farther ; duodecimlineata comes from northern Cali-
fornia, and with it, under this name, have been associated examples taken
in British Columbia; and another series found in the East, ranging from
the vicinity of New York City, southward into Pennsylvania and probably
into the hill regions beyond. During many years collecting in the
Catskill Mountain region, I have never taken it there, while camdrica and -
comptaria were abundant.

Briefly, I will state that the chief distinguishing character of Venusia,
is the bipectinate antenne of the males. In the group I have mentioned,
cambrica is the only species possessing this structure, and it is my opinion,
that here, as in Europe, it is the sole representative of its genus. Comp-

April, 1905,

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

taria has the male antenne filiform and strongly ciliate beneath, hence its
place is in the allied genus Euchoeca, Hiib., with which in other respects
it perfectly agrees. Duodecimlineata was stated by Dr. Packard to have
pectinate antenne (Monograph of Geometrid Moths, 1876, page 83),
where he characterizes the genus Epirrhita, Hiib., under which he places
it, but in his description (page 84), he states merely that they are “ well
ciliated.” In both he was correct, but he failed to observe that his species
possessed that anomaly in construction, umipectinate antenne, the single
row of pectinations beneath, being flanked on either side by a row of cilia,
and tipped with a fascicle of hairs, the apex being simple. For some
time I tried to convince myself that they should be called serrate, but .
the pectinations are long and proceed from the centre of each
joint, and are not an enlargement of either end. This structure removes
it from Venusia, and necessitates the erection of a new genus, since, so
far as I am aware, none has been established to cover the requirements
found in its construction. I give it, therefore, a name, NOMENIA, 0D. g.,
and the species will be known as Womenia duodecimlineata, Pack. It is

defined as follows :
NoMENIA, D. g.

Palpi short, slender, scaled ; front rounded, smooth scaled ; tongue
developed ; antenne of ¢ unipectinate, pectinations tipped with a fascicle
of hairs, and on each side a row of cilia, apex simple, in ¢ filiform simple,
thorax and abdomen untufted ; fore tibie unarmed, hind tibie with all
spurs in both sexes slender, without hair pencil in 4; fore wings, one
accessory cell, 12 veins, 3 and 4 separate 6 and 7 from point ; hind wings
8 veins, 3 and 4 separate 6 and 7, long stemmed, 8 with cell to beyond

middle.
It seems strange that this species should have passed under the

hands of many able observers, and yet that this antennal feature should
have been unnoticed, and stranger stil! that the forms from British
Columbia, and from the East, with their simple ciliate antennze in the
males, should have been so long associated with it. These latter are one
species, which belongs to the genus Euchceca, Hiib., and is nameless.
The ground colour is paler, and, as is frequently the case, the Western
form is larger, but aside from this I can find no difference in structure or
markings. It will be known hereafter as

Eucheca salienta, n. sp.—-Of the same form with its congeners, the
ground colour of both wings above, pale ashen in Eastern, nearly white in
Western specimens, sparingly mixed with dark brown or black scales,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137

Front broad, rounded, dark brown; above pale ashen, Antenne com-
pressed, fringed with cilia in ¢, simple filiform in 2; fore wings crossed
by about five fine double lines. Of the first four pair, the fine inner line
is black, the other a diffused yellow-brown, the fifth pair being black, and
generally consisting of points on the venules, sometimes continuous and
waved. A line of black intervenular marginal spots; fringes on both
wings white, double, the short scales tipped with dark brown, which forms
a dusky streak through the centre. All the lines are angulate outwardly
just below the costa, are waved throughout their course, which is nearly
straight across to inner margin ; sometimes the trend is slightly basal and
the lines are heavier and darker at costa and inner margin. ‘The extra
discal black line is clearly defined, with a large angle at costa, and an
outward curve at end of cell, and its brown shade line is broader, some-
times including two black venular dashes at end of cell, but these are not
present in a// specimens. ‘The discal space is small and paler and between
the extra discal shade line and the sub-terminal lines, a clear, pale, line-
like space crosses both front and hind wings, following tie waving of
the preceding lines, terminal space dusky. Hind wings with about four
parallel dusky cross-lines, the two inner more distinct and curved out
opposite cell, the outer frequently reduced to venular dots ; intervenular
marginal spots, as in fore wing, terminal space dusky. Discal spots small,
obscure, that on hind wings included in basal line. Beneath, more dusky ;
fore wings with only four outer lines reproduced, all dusky, the pale, line-
like space showing through, and continuous as above on both wings, the
lines on each side of it heavier and black at costa. Hind wings with all
lines reproduced, dusky. A row of black intervenular marginal spots on
both wings, terminal space darker, discal spots small, often obscure.
Abdomen ashen above, white below ; fore legs dark brown, hind legs
lighter, all tarsi banded with yellowish-white.

Types ¢ 9; coll. of R. F. Pearsall.

As compared with compfaria, its nearest ally, this species is thinner
winged, its ground colour bluish-ash, not clear white as in comptaria, and
all the lines are finer, not so diffuse, the brown lines especially. The
above species should now be listed thus :

Venusia cambrica, Curt. :
Nomenia duodecimlineata, Pack.
Euchceca comptaria, Walk.

a salienta, Pearsall,

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This paper shows how slowly must proceed any revisional work, and
that no section of the group can be thought finished until every species in
that section has beén studied and compared. «I will be much indebted to
entomologists, particularly in the West, who will send me material in this
order, for it is my desire to make my work as thorough in character as
is possible.

THE TYPES OF THE LATE DR. HUEST:
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. .

I am glad that Mr. Taylor has shown in the Feb. Can. Ent. that the
“types” of Somatolophia umbripennis and Diastictis festa in the Hulst
collection at New Brunswick, N. J., are not the true types. A specimen
that contradicts the description cannot be the type, however labelled,
unless it can be shown that the author has made an error. I do not think
that Dr. Hulst made errors in description in these cases, and I do not think
either that the true types were destroyed as Mr. Taylor suggests. More
probably they exist in some collection. Will not every reader of this note,
who has Hulst types, look to see if he has these species, and if so, kindly
communicate with Mr. Taylor or with me? Mr. Doll recently drew my
attention to a series of Hulst types in the Museum of the Brooklyn Insti-
tute that had been presented by Dr. Hulst. Some were likewise presented
to the U. S. National Museum, and perhaps to other collections. In
other cases he has no doubt described from borrowed material which was
afterward returned.

In the material at Brooklyn I found the “‘true.type” of A/ycterophora
Slossonia, the Manitoba specimen. It is congeneric with the other species
of Mycterophora and has the whitish costal stripe as described. The New
Hampshire specimen in the Hulst collection is a Homopyraéis with the
costa denuded, as I have shown. It is not really the type, although so
labelled, before Dr. Hulst, when describing, referred to in the description
and suggesting the name given. The description was taken from the
other specimen.

There exist a number of “types,” descriptions of which were not
published by Dr. Hulst up to the time of his death ; but specimens were
labelled, evidently with the intention of description. Some of these
names have been allowed to appear in Smith’s List of 1903. Of one
such there are two “‘types” in the Brooklyn Museum, under a well-
known genus of Geometride, which I shall not mention for fear of estab-
lishing the manuscript name. ‘The two'types are respectively a specimen of
Oreta trrorata, Pack., from Florida, and one of Drepana cultraria, Fab.,
from Europe, with a false ‘ N. J.” label. Comment is superfluous,

April, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 129

MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 3.

BY eC. 57, GUDLOW,- M.: SG.,
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. A., Washington, D. C.

(Continued from page 102.)

Stethomyia pallida, n. sp.— 2. Head light testaceous, a few white
flat lanceolate scales on the vertex, otherwise clothed with sparsely set
slender hair-like curved brown scales, nearly as long as the very slender
fork scales which occur on the occiput ; two light brown bristles project
forward between the eyes, and a few around the eyes. The head shows
no sign of having been denuded, and besides the slender hair-like scales
is covered with a short fine tomentum or frostiness, such as is often seen
on the thorax of. Anophelina. Antennze brown, verticels brown, pubes
cence white, basal joint testaceous with frosty tomentum ; palpi long and
slender, covered ventrally with the short fine hairs of the frosty tomentum,
dorsally with small flat brown scales, a couple of bristles or long hairs: at
the apex ; proboscis light brown, covered with very thin flat scales and
curved hair-like scales, a few bristles at the base, tip highter; eyes dark
brown ; clypeus light, with frosty tomentum.

Thorax light testaceous, sparsely covered with hair-like brown curved
scales, and frosty tomentum, prothoracic lobes a little darker, and -with
curved hair-like scales ; scutellum like mesonotum ; pleura light, witha
few groups of hair-like curved brown scales ; metanotum brown.

Abdomen apparently mottled brown and light, but this may be due to
drying, and clothed with rather long brown hairs.

Legs unusually long and slender ; cox and trochanters: light, mide a
few hair-like curved brown scales.’ Remainder of the legs light, covered
with small, thin brown scales, which, in some lights, however, look
much darker, with almost purple iridescence, in other lights almost: fawn
colour. Ungues simple and equal.

Wing clear, brown scaled, with lanceolate scales ; the rst submarginal
extremely long, nearly twice as long as the second posterior cell, anda
little narrower, the stem about half the length of the cell, and a third
shorter than that of the 2nd posterior; cross-veins close together,
and all about the same length, the supernumerary about half its length
interior to the mid, and the posterior about its own length interior to the

mid. Halteres, stem light, knob dark.

Length, 3.5 mm. (legs more than ro mm.)
_ Habitat.—Camp Stotsenberg, Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon, P. I.
Taken Sept.? ‘ Caught in the woods,”

130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Described from one very perfect specimen sent by Dr. Whitmore in
the collection referred to below.

In spite of the fact that the prothoracic lobes are not mammillated, and
indeed seem stalked, the other characteristics point so strongly to
Stethomyia that I have decided to put this insect under that genus.

HEIZMANNIA, nov. gen. ©

Head covered with broad flat scales ; thorax with flat spindle-shaped
scales, very broad on the lateral thirds of the mesonotum ; scutellum with
broad flat scales ; metanotum with large median bunch of cheetz (not less
than 16-20) on caudad half; wing scales somewhat resembling Tzeniorhyn-
chus scales, but the median scales at times inclined to be asymmetrical.
Cells small. Ungues in female simple and equal.

This genus evidemtly lies near Dendromyia, Theobald, but Mr.
Theobald says it cannot be included under that genus, the large bunch of
bristles on the mesonotum being too marked a characteristic, and I there-
fore give it a place by itself.

It is named after Col. C. L. Heizmann, Asst. Surgeon-General, U.S.
A., whose continued interest in and effective support of this research,
extending over several years, have been invaluable in making possible such
success as has been attained. .

Heizmannia scintillans, n. sp.— 2. ead brown, with brown flat,
iridescent (peacock blues and greens) scales, heavy white rim around the
eyes, and a white spot between the eyes (at point of vertex), brown bristles
projecting forward ; antennz mostly gone, basal joint brown, with short
fine hairs on the median side ; palpi brown ; proboscis brown; a few
bristles at the base ; eyes brown ; clypeus brown,

Thorax brown ; mesonotum densely covered with dark flat, broadly
spindle-shaped iridescent scales ; prothoracic lobes heavily. covered with
broad flat, white scales ; pleura brown, thickly covered with broad fiat,
white scales ; scutellum brown, densely covered with broad flat, brown
iridescent scales; metanotum rich brown, with heavy median bunch of
brown bristles (not less than 16-20) on caudad half.

Abdomen dark, densely covered with broad dark (almost black) flat
iridescent scales ; the venter with broad white bands, very broad on the
cephalic segments, which extend so far around as to appear from the
dorsal aspect like basal lateral white spots.

Legs, cox and trochanters light ; femora of hind legs ventrally light,
Jess so on the other legs, and otherwise the legs are dark brown; metatarsi
and tarsi of fore and mid legs in some lights are almost a fawn colour ;
hind tarsi are missing. All the ungues equal and simple.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131

‘Wings clear, with heavy brown scales resembling those found in
Tantorhynchus, but the median scales, especially on costa, subcosta and
1st longitudinal veins, heavier and inclined at times to be asymmetrical ;
cells short ; 1st submarginal a little longer, and about the same width as
2nd posterior cell, the stems a little shorter than the cells; supernumerary
and mid cross-veins are about the same length, and meet the posterior
cross-vein a little longer, and one and a half times its length distant,
Halteres have white stem and knob dark.

Length, about 4 mm.; proboscis, 2 mm.

Habitat—Camp Stotzenberg, Angeles, Papanga, Luzon, P. I.
Taken Sept. ?

Described from one specimen, perfect except as to the antenne, sent
by Dr. Whitmore.

Anisocheleomyia ? albitarsis,n. sp.— 9. Head brown, covered with
very large, long flat scales, so loosely applied as to make the head look
shaggy, a wide median white stripe extending from occiput to vertex, a
few white scales and two brown bristles projecting forward between the
eyes, a narrow white line around the eyes, the scales long and flat and
projecting forward over the eyes, also some brown bristles ; laterad to this
broad median stripe is a broad, brown stripe, a narrow. white stripe, a
narrow brown and another narrow white stripe, all of the long flat loosely
set scales. Antennz brown, verticels and pubescence brown, first joint
short and somewhat distended, and clothed with a few flat brown scales,
basal joint brown, heavily scaled with rather large flat loosely applied
white scales ; palpi brown with white tips, the scales being unusually long,
and square ended ; proboscis brown scaled ; clypeus brown ; eyes brown,
and the shaggy appearance of the head makes them seem extremely small,
so that instead of being the larger part of the head, they are quite
insignificant.

Thorax dark brown ; prothoracic lobes covered with iarge white flat
scales, much like those on the head, and some brown bristles; mesonotum

brown, covered with brown and white curved scales, those on the cephalic
and median parts very slender, almost hair-like, those at the sides and
towards the scutellum broader, a narrow line of white scales running
cephalad from one wing joint to the other (an inverted ““U”), a median
line connecting with it at the cephalad end, and extending to the scutellum,
two short lines from the scutellum cephalad ; pleura brown, with heavy
bunches of broad long flat white scales arranged in rows; scutellum brown,
deeply trilobed with large long flat scales closely-set on each lobe so that
they appear tufted ; metanotum rich brown, bare,

£32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

D. Abdomen brown, covered with brown scales, and narrow white basal
bands-on most of the segments, lacking on the first and last three segments,
which latter, however, have narrow lateral white spots, the continuation of

<the-ventral marking. The ventral marking is rather peculiar. The

‘proximal segments being mostly white scaled, with only narrow brown
apical bands, but the last three segments are largely brown scaled, a
narrow white line starting at the median line of the base of the antepenul-
timate, running sharply laterad and then caudad, forming the lateral white
spots of the three last segments noted above; apical brown hairs,
apparently much more numerous on the antepenultimate segment.

Legs all brown, with more or less white at the bases ; cox and
trochanters testaceous with white scales; fore femora dark brown, a narrow
white line on the ventral side extending from the base to near the apex, where

“there is a white spot on ventral and lateral aspect, not appearing on the

dorsal aspect; tibiz brown, a very narrow white band a little proximal of the
middle, on the cephalic aspect; metatarsi and first tarsal joint basally light
banded, second, third and fourth joints brown; mid femora light at the
base, a distinct white spot about midway and an indistinct white spot
interior to this, both on the cephalic aspect, also a brilliant white spot at

~ the apex ; tibiz brown, with a white band about midway, metatarsi and

Ist tarsal jOints have white basal bands, the rest of the tarsi brown ; hind
femora brown, white at base and nearly two-thirds its length, and apex
white (femora therefore mostly white) ; tibie brown, with median white
band ; metatarsi and first and second tarsal joints with heavy basal white:
bands, the last two joints pure white. The ungues on fore and mid legs,
though equal and simple, are much heavier than are usually found on any
mosquito of this size, the hind ones markedly smaller, but, having only one
specimen, I have not dissected it, so that while fairly sure that it belongs
to Anisocheleomyia, Theobald, it is impossible to state definitely the
peculiar shape of the ungues. It is, I think, quite certain, however, in
‘spite of the flat scales on head and scutellum, it is not a Stegomyia.
. Wings clear, brown scaled, the scales very large, and of the Tenio-

_Thynchus type, but a little inclined to asymmetry ; cells short ; 1st sub-

marginal cell nearly a half longer and a little narrower than the 2nd

‘~posterior, the stem of the former about a third shorter than that of the

latter; supernumerary and mid cross-veins equal and meet, posterior

cross-vein also about the same lengch, and distant from the mid a little

more than twice its own length ; halteres light stem, with dark knob,
Length, 2.5 mm.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133

Habitat—Camp Stotsenberg, Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon, P. I.
Taken Sept. ?

Described from one perfect specimen sent by Dr. Whitmore.

While the flat scales suggest Stegomyia, the general appearance of the
insect is quite against it, the shaggy head bearing no resemblance to the
neat appearance of Stegomyia. It is a small mosquito, and the scales on
the head, scutellum and wing out of all proportion to the size of the insect,
giving it a generally ragged look, so that though I have not been able to
demonstrate the peculiar ungual features of Anisocheleomyia, 1 feel fairly
sure it belongs to that genus.

Teniorhynchus lineatopennis, n. sp.—¥. Head dark brown, with
brassy yellow curved scales on median portion and extending from occiput
to vertex, light bristles projecting forward, dark brown flat lateral scales, and
a few forked scales, some light and some dark, on the occiput; antennz dark
brown, verticels dark brown, pubescence also dark, but appearing light in
certain positions, basal joint brown; palpi dark brown, and quite hairy ;
proboscis dark brown ; clypeus dark brown ; eyes brown and silver.

Thorax: prothoracic lobes dark brown, with a few dark brown
bristles, no scales ; mesonotum dark brown, the median portion covered
with dark brown curved scales bordered by a heavy band of brassy yellow
curved scales, extending cephalad from one wing joint (inverted ‘‘ U ”)
across to the other, a very distinct and easily-recognized marking. The
brown curved scales on the mesonotum near the scutellum appear in some
lights white, and this seems characteristic of the brown scales all over the
insect ; pleura brown and clothed only with a few brown hairs; scutellum
dark brown, with brassy yellow curved scales and a few light bristles ;
yellow bristles at the wing joint, and two sparsely-set rows on the
mesonotum ; metanotum dark brown.

Abdomen dark brown, with broad basal bands of “‘dirty white” scales
hardly extending the full width of the terga; the first segment is dark, and
the second has merely a median light spot, while on the ultimate segment
the band is quite narrow ; venter dark.

Legs are brown throughout ; coxz and trochanters and ventral side
of femora somewhat lighter than the rest, a light spot near the apex of fore

femora on dorsal side, 7. ¢., the ventral colour runs up, but all the scales
show much change of colour in different lights ; the tibiae and more distal
joints are darker, ranging from purplish to fawn colour, according to the
angle of the light, and under hand lens may seem even brassy. All

ungues simple and equal.

134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Wings clear, clothed with brown and light typical Zaeniorhynchus
scales.. The costa is dark throughout, the subcosta and first longitudinal
are mostly light scaled from the base of the wing to about the junction of
the subcosta, and the stem of the fifth long vein is also light, with some
light scales on the lower fork. The scales vary much in different lights, the
colours ranging from a gray to “dirty white” to brassy yellow, and the
effect is of two light diverging lines on the wing: fringe dark, turning gray
in some lights ; 1st submarginal is a fourth longer and a little narrower
than the 2nd posterior ; the supernumerary cross-vein about half as: long
as the mid, which it meets, and the posterior cross-vein about half as long
as the mid, and distant twice its own length ; halteres have a light stem
and dark knob.

Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. Camp Gregg, Bayambang, Pangasinan, Luzon, P. I.
Taken Sept. 13, 14, marked “inside screens of screened house.”

Described from two perfect specimeas sent by Capt. Chamberlain,
Surgeon, U.S. A.

This collection of Dr. Whitmore’s is interesting in many ways,
for all the specimens showed great care in preparation and extremely good
differentiation. In only two boxes were there more than one kind, and
the only badly broken specimens were in places where the insect had been
caught in tying up the small pieces of tubes in gauze ; one extremely
small mosquito was so much denuded as to be quite impossible to place,
but otherwise the collection was in remarkably good shape, and contained,
besides the genera and species above described, the following previously
known forms :

Finlaya poicilia, Theobald. “ Bred from larye taken from banana
trees.”

Mansonia uniformis, Theobald. ‘Caught in the Quarters.”

Mansonia annulifera, Theobald. ‘Caught in the woods, Hospital
and Quarters.”

Desvoidea obturbans, Walker. ‘Bred from large larve taken from
under overhanging rock, ina deep pool of a clear running stream. Larve
resemble overgrown Anophelina larvz, and are very cannibalistic,”

Desvoidea fusca, Theobald. “Bred from larve taken from the water-
filled joints of bamboo poles in the fence.”

Stegomyia scutellaris, Walk., var. Samarensis, Ludlow. ‘* Caught in
the woods and Quarters.”

Stegomyia nivea, Ludlow. “Caught in the woods.”

Stegomyia fasciata, Fabr. “ Caught in the woods and Quarters.”

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135

Myzomyia funesta? Giles. Caught in the woods, Hospital and
Quarters.” ;

Myzomyia Rossti, Giles, var. indefinita, Ludlow. ‘Caught in woods,
Hospital and Quarters.” Very common.

Myzorhynchus barbirostris, Van der Wulp. ‘‘ Caught in the woods,
and rarely in the Quarters.”

Myzorhynchus pseudobarbirostris, Ludlow. ‘‘ Caught in the woods,
and rarely in the Quarters.”

Pyretophorus Philippinensis, Ludlow. ‘‘ Caught in the woods, and
rarely in the Quarters.”

Culex gelidus, Theobald. ‘ Caught in the Quarters.”

Culex microannulatus, Theobald. ‘‘ Caught in the woods.”

Culex annulifera, Ludlow. ‘‘ Caught in the woods.”

So far as the taking of the Anophelina is concerned, Dr. Whitmore’s
experience is quite different from that of Dr. Chamberlain, Capt. Asst.
Surg. U.S. A., at Bayambang, Pangasinan, who takes A7yzomyia funesta ?
Giles ; Myzomyia Ludlowii, Theob.; Myzomyi Rossii, var. indefinita,
Lud.; Myzomyia Rossii ? Giles ; Myzorhynchus vanus, Walk.; barbiros-
tris, Van der Wulp ; pseudobarbirostris, Lud.; Pyretophorus Philippin-
ensis, Lud.; and WVyssorhynchus fulginosus, Giles, in great numbers, both
in and around the Quarters and Hospital, sending very suggestive
collections of these from the bed nets of patients, while Dr. Whitmore
apparently finds them mestly away from houses, 7. ¢., in woods and
banana groves. ;

[ERRATA.—On page 94, line 6, for ‘‘a couple” read “some”; line
12, for “‘ palpi two-jointed ” read ‘‘ palpi four-jointed, the first joint very
short and the last minute”; page 97, line 4, for ‘“‘ white” read “light ”;
page 98, line 9 from bottom, change “ ;” after “‘legs ” to '*, ”; and page
100, last line but one, for ‘‘ above ” read ‘‘ below.” |

THREE NEW COCCID4 FROM COLORADO.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.

A series of tables for the identification of Rocky Mountain Coccidz
has been prepared for publication by the University of Colorado. Even
now, while these tables await publication, I find myself obliged to add
three new species, found here at Boulder; two of them representing genera
new to our region. It is a rule of the University of Colorado publications
that new species shall not appear for the first time therein, so I present
herewith brief diagnoses of the three forms just mentioned,

136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Eriopeltis Coloradensis, n. sp.—@. Dark brown (colourless after
boiling in liquor potassze), forming a pure white ovisac 1o to 12 mm. long,
of the form usual in the genus, compact, without any conspicuous
filaments extending from its surface ; antenne and legs very minute ;
antenne 8-jointed, joints 1 and 3 large but variable, 2 always very short,
more than twice as broad as long, 4 to 7 all broader than long, 8 with
several bristles ; skin with truncate glandular spines as in &. festuca, but
they are not nearly so numerous, and seem generally shorter ; anal plates
much longer than broad. Length of mounted 2 about 6 mm., breadth
about 3.

On stems of grass, Boulder, Colorado, November, 1904. The exact
locality of this and the Zrzonymus is the meadow in front of 930, 14th
street.

Trionymus nanus,n. sp.— Q. Very minute, elongated and rather
parallel-sided, hardly 114 mm. long, and about three-fifths mm. broad ;
very pale yellowish, antenne and legs very light reddish, antenne not

extremely close together ; secretion yellowish. Antenne 7-jointed ; tibia
a little longer than tarsus. In potash the females turn light yellow.

Under a rock, presumably feeding on the underground parts of grass,
Boulder, Colorado, Nov., 1904. Three found by W. P. Cockerell. The
specimens evidently represent the early adult ; after the eggs are formed
they will no doubt be larger.

Orthezia olivacea, n. sp.— 2. Length about 244 mm., with cauda
rather over 3 mm.; legs and antenne reddish-brown. Body entirely covered
with dense white secretion ; dorsal line marked by a deep groove, with
no median tufts; the two dorsal rows of lamelle thick and obtuse, the
first pair overiapping head, but not projecting far forwards ; area between
dorsal and lateral lamellae covered by secretion ; lateral lamellze broad,
the anterior three truncate, the others more pointed, the points curved
inwards ; caudal lamellz surpassing last lateral ones, but not very long.
Body denuded of lamelle dark olivaceous. Antennz (so far as seen)
7-jointed, joints 1, 2 and 3 subequal, but 2 the shorter; 4, 5, 6 shorter and
subequal, but 5 somewhat the longer; 7 about as long as 4+5+6.
Immature forms similar in appearance, but antenne and legs rather light
reddish, last joint of antennz conspicuously darkened.

Boulder, Colorado, in nests of Zasius under rocks, Nov., 1904 (W.
P. and T. D. A. Ckll.). Also found formerly in nests of Zaszus at ‘Trout
Spring, New Mexico, April 27. The following measurements in p are
from the Trout Spring material: Antennal joints: (1) 96, (2) 78, (3) go,
(4) ) 48, (5) 48, (6) 39, (7) 1293; knife-blade-like spine on the end of last
joint 18 long ; inte leg, tibia 225, tarsus (excluding claw) 195. Easily
known from O. dasiorum by the colour of the body and the absence of the
long tail in the immature forms,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 4.

NoTEs ON COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND REARING AQUATIC HEMIPTERA,
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

I suppose that in due course | shall acquire much /os and honour and
not a little fame for harping in season and out of season to the tune of
“ Waterbugs.” But I shall feel that my labours have not been in vain if
by so doing I can induce others to launch themselves on the study of these
forms, which are in many respects the most interesting and easily observed
and collected of the Heteroptera. In these families much remains to be
done. The classification is still more or less imperfect ; new species are
almost certain to be found and old and forgotten ones rediscovered ; and
~ the life-histories of all still remain to be worked out in detail.

The Waterbugs may roughly be divided into two sections: The
Cryptocerata, in which the antenne are nearly or quite concealed, which

includes the families Corixide, Notonectide, Nepide, Belostomide,
Naucoridz and Gelastocoride, all of which, except the last, are swimmers
and live in the water; and the Gymnocerata, which includes the Water-
striders of the families Hydrometride, Gerridze and Veliidze, to which may
be added the Acanthiidz (=Saldidze), all of which, except the last, walk
or row themselves on the surface of the water.

Of course, the necessary apparatus for collecting consists of one or
two suitable water-nets, cyanide bottles of several sizes, tight tin boxes for
living specimens, and perhaps a pair of rubber boots for wading when
necessary. The net I use is made of coarse Brussels net, so I am told,
which is very strong and stands a good deal of rough usage, in addition to
being very manageable when in the water. The size may vary to suit the
individual preferences of the user. One about eight inches in diameter is
very convenient, as it can be pushed into little nooks and crannies. The
ring should be of rather heavy soft steel wire. Of course, any other
approved net will do, but it must be strong enough not to come to pieces
when it strikes a submerged branch or point of rock. ‘The stick should be
quite long—about five feet—to give a good reach. The cyanide bottles
should be of several sizes ; small ones for the delicate Velias, Hydrometra
and the Acanthias ; medium size for the Notonectas, larger Corixas, and
Nepas ; and quite large for the Belostomas, Ranatras and larger Water-

striders. Onno account should any aquatic bugs be killed in alcohol, as
April, 1905.

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in general it distorts and discolors them and seems to tend to make them
. greasy when they dry in the boxes.

Corixas are to be found in running streams, clinging to the bottom,
and in quiet ponds, hiding among the vegetation. In the former situation,
it is an easy matter to follow them with the net; in the latter, they are
taken by szeepimg the grasses and weeds, dragging the net through them.
There are very many species of this genus, and they can be found abund-
antly wherever there is water, even though it be nothing more than a
temporary pool. The Notonectidz, Naucoridz and Belostomide also can

be taken by sweeping the vegetation at the edges of quiet waters. The
first named family, however, can be captured by moving the net swiftly
just below the surface when the bugs are seen there. They are more
likely to be found close to the shore, and some species hide in the
tangles of roots and grasses growing from them. The genus Buenoa
(=Anisops) is generally to be found floating below the surface in clear
spaces. elocoris femoratus, said to be our only Northern Naucorid, is
found in great abundance when present, hiding in the water-weeds. The
Belostomas, great and small, also seek similar situations, or else hide in
the mud in rather deep water. Nepaand Ranatra require more particular
treatment. The former is found in quite shallow water, not much over
two or three inches deep, concealed in the mud, or else in situations
where grasses grow out of the water, clinging together. Of course they
must either be taken out with the mud and twigs and dead leaves, among
which they lie hid, or else the grasses should be gone over several times
with the net to disturb them and make them float into it. Ranatra, on
the other hand, frequents deeper waters and clings to the stems of rushes
and grasses that rear themselves into the air, thrusting its breathing tube
through the surface. Here the net must be moved strongly back and
forth a number of times among the stems. This repeated sweeping is
necessary, as both these Waterbugs cling tightly to their supports and
they are not readily dislodged. The semi-aquatic Gelastocoridze wander
in damp situations looking for their prey. They are ordinarily to be
found in muddy or pebbly damp spots, generally on the banks of streams
or ponds. The best way to catch them is to clap your net over thein
when you see them move, and then pick them out with your fingers to put
them in the bottle. Acanthias can be found and captured in the same
way. I always endeavour to put the mouth of the bottle over these, as they

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139

will ordinarily jump right in, thus avoiding touching them, which is apt to
damage these delicate little bugs.

Great care must be taken in handling the Cryptocerates, because they
have sharp and powerful beaks, which they use with taste and discretion.
They produce an extremely painful and lasting impression.

The Water-striders require different methods. These bugs walk or
glide over the water as if it were a sheet of ice ; the smaller ones frequent
floating water-lily leaves or the matted masses of duckweed, from which
they sail out into the clear water on predatory excursions. Others, again,

hide among the vegetation growing from the banks or among the stems
of rushes or grasses, where the Marsh-treaders also lie low. One form
_ loves the braiding ripples of streams, while others gather in multitudes on
the calm surfaces of lakes, not far from the shores. The winged forms of
all these should be diligently sought for and very carefully preserved. The
Gerridz in general afford much sport. They are wary and swift, and it is
necessary to approach them very cautiously and then scoop them up with
a sudden dash of the net, which should just brush the surface. The
smaller ones are more apt to hug the shore than the larger, and they can
be taken in a similar manner as they glide away. These may be headed
off with the net also. Trepobates, Metrobates and Rheumatobates frequent
the still waters of large ponds and lakes or the quiet parts of broad and
slow streams. Rhagovelia is found in the swift streaks in streams, or in the
eddies around rocks jutting into the air, zigzagzing against the current.
All occur in schools, and being extrémely shy and quick in motions, must
also be scooped up with a sudden dash. It should be borne in mind that
the absence of wings may cause them to be mistaken for nymphs. Meso-
velia and the Microvelias are to be found running about on the muddy,
sloping banks of streams cr still waters, or wandering over floating vege-
tation. Ihave found the best way to take them is to drive them to a clear
space and there scoop them up with a small hand net. Hydrometra also
frequents the shore vegetation of quiet, shallow ponds or marshes. These
Jast bugs may sometimes be found in the net after sweeping it through
rushes, but ordinarily they rush out from their shelters on being alarmed ;
and, being rather slow of motion, they are best taken up singly with the
fingers.

Now, as to methods of preservation. As before stated, alcohol is
inadmissible as a killing medium, but there is nothing better for preserva-

140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

+ = =:

tion for anatomical and histological purposes. The dead bugs should be
put in about 75% alcohol, with some punctures made with a needle at the
membranous parts and body-joints in order to allow the preservative fluid
to enter the body-cavity, otherwise it will not penetrate and the “ innards ”
will decay, bloating and distorting the specimens for any purpose. For-
maldehyde, while an excellent preservative for tissuesy according to my
observation, hardens specimens too much and makes them too brittle.
For the cabinet, they should be mounted while fresh, and in this way the
Waterbugs preserve their natural colours much better. Ifthis be not possi-
ble at the moment, they should be allowed to dry partially and put in
layers in cotton, between sheets of soft tissue paper. The Velias, how-
ever, and in general, the smaller Water-striders should be put in alcohol,
which, by keeping them flexible, preserves the antennez and legs unbroken.
The larger bugs should be pinned through the scutellum ; the smaller,
including Plea, Buenoa, Hydrometra and the more minute Water-strider,
are best mounted on points. Of course, the usual locality and date label

should not be omitted, and it is also well to make field notes on habits, or
the conditions under which the bugs were found.

One of the most interesting and profitable features of collecting
Waterbugs is the excellent opportunity they offer for observation and
study. As water is necessary for their comfortable existence, it is a simple
matter to confine them in an aquarium and with care to preserve them to
a hoary old age. For collecting the living insects, I have found nothing
better than a dry tin box and in it enough excelsior, much pulled out and
separated, to give the bugs something to cling to and to prevent them
from coming together in a mass at one end of it, which is fatal. As they
are air-breathers in all stages, water is not necessary in carrying from the
field to the aquarium ; on the contrary, it is very harmful, and even exces-
sive dampening of the excelsior in the box may have bad consequences.
The best for the purpose are those soldered and hinged tin boxes in which
fifty or one hundred cigarettes are packed. They are of a very convenient
size to carry in the side pocket of a coat. Several should be carried when
out collecting, in order not to be obliged to crowd too many bugs into one
box. Belostomas should never be put in the same box with other bugs,
because, being bigger and heavier, they are apt to hurt them. For the
little Water-striders nothing is better than a small test tube lined with

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141

blotting-paper and containing a few threads of excelsior and a little wad
of it at the bottom.

The best aquaria are the ordinary round glass ones, or battery jars of
different sizes. For the Water-striders, those giving quite an extensive
surface of water are the best ; for the Cryptocerates, the water is better
deep. Microvelias can be very well kept in jelly-glasses or any other of
the thousand and one glasses or earthenware receptacles in which eatables
are put up; the shallower and wider-mouthed they are, the better. All
these aquaria must be covered with pieces of glass to keep dust from

falling in and to prevent the water trom evaporating and the bugs from
escaping. The Velias should have Duckweed to rest on.. The others
should have some sort of vegetation in the water, partly to preserve it
sweet, partly to give the swimmers something to cling to and on which to
deposit their ova, should they breed. For food, flies (Musca) answer every
purpose. It is better to feed them living or freshly caught, although the
hungry bugs will feed on them even a day or two old. Just throw them
in and the bugs will do the rest’ ON NO ACCOUNT FEED THEM
INSECTS KILLED IN THE CYANIDE BOTTLE. These are
deadly. Nor is it safe to put Water-striders in the same aquarium with
Notonectas, Nepa, Ranatra, Pelocoris or Belostomas of any kind. They
do not last long under these conditions. Neither should Notonectas and
Corixas be put together; nor, in general, any bug with others smaller.
The last will merely be a feast for the larger brethren. Even those of one
species will destroy each other when driven to it by hunger.

The best times of the year to collect Aquatic Hemiptera are the
Spring and Fall. As soon as the ice disappears from the ponds and lakes
and streams, the larger Water-striders can be seen in abundance, the
Corixas and Notonectas arouse themselves from their Winter’s sleep, and
Pelocoris, the Belostomas, Nepa and Ranatra leave their muddy Winter
quarters and once more actively commence the real business of life—the
propagation of their kind. From March until the end of May or the
beginning of June, over-wintering adults of all the species may be found.
After that, only the young abound, till August, when the season’s brood of
adults begins to appear. Collecting now continues good until the water
gets too cold toward the end of Autumn. I have taken these families in
this latitude as early as the middle of February and as late as the end of
November. In the South, they are apparently obtainable at even later

142 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

dates, until in Arizona, California, and the Southwestern United States
and thence South, they can be taken at all times of the year. One day is
just as good as another for collecting. Sunshine and storm in no way
affect the bugs, except those that walk on land (the Gelastocoride and
Acanthiide), which seek shelter. When there has been but little rain and ©
the ponds have evaporated to reduced areas, collecting is much better, as
then the bugs are, so to say, more concentrated. After severe storms
they are usually much scattered and less easily obtainable, because of the
greater volume and area of their haunts. Yet even in these conditions, |
favourite nooks are found in which they fairly swarm.

In conclusion, I would say that this is merely the general outline of
the methods that I have found useful, and I trust it will help others, as
some such directions as these would have helped me when I commenced
to collect aquatics. Each species requires slightly different methods ;
their haunts vary in character ever so slightly ; the manipulation of the net °
has to be suited to the peculiarities of each. In the limited space at my
disposal, it is impossible to give a cross between a check-list and a dis-
sertation on habits, even were it desirable, which it is not. Therefore,
each collector must observe closely to become expert. This is only the
guide-post ; the collector does the walking. If any of my readers would
like further assistance, a letter to me will bring in return whatever may be
in my power to give. (Address: 25 Broad Street, New York).

A NEW PEZOMACHUS FROM ITALY.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M. A., D. SC.

In a recent sending of parasitic Hymenoptera, bred by Dr. Filippo
Silvestri, at the Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria, Portici, Italy, sent
me for names, I find a new Pezomachus, represented by both sexes.

Pezomachus Silvestrii, new species.—?. Length, 2.6 mm.,
ovipositor a little longer than the petiole of the abdomen. Black and
shining, impunctate except a feeble shagreening on the pleura; the
metathorax is rounded off posteriorly, and wéthout a trace of a transverse
carina ; antenne 21-jointed, the fourth joint a little shorter than the third,
the flagellum brown-black, the extreme apex of the pedicel, or second.
joint of antennze, yellowish; legs black, with the sutures of the trochanters,
the apical third of front femora, front tibiz narrowly at base and more or
less beneath, and base of first joint of tarsi, testaceous, the rest of tarsi
fuscous or brownish, but a little yellowish at sutures of the joints; hind
tibial spurs white,

April, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143

2 .—Length, 2.5 mm. Black, not so shining as in the female, and
finely shagreened ; second joint of all trochanters, apex of front femora,
front tibie, an annulus at base of middle and hind tibice, and all tarsi
more or less, testaceous, the basal joints more or less yellowish at base
and at their extreme tips; metathorax with delicate carine, indistinctly
areolated. Wings subbyaline, a faint cloud in the region of the basal and
transverse median nervures, and at the apical third of the wings, the large
triangular stigma and the veins being brown, the parastigma and the
extreme base of the stigma being white ; the marginal cell is rather short,
triangular, not longer than the stigma; the areolet is pentagonal in
position, but open behind; the transverse median nervure in the hind
‘ wings is straight, but broken by a vein de/ow its middle, or near its basal
third.

Types.—Cat. No. 8262, U.S. N. M.

Hab.—Portici, Italy (Mr. Filippo Silvestri).

This species falls in Forster’s Monographie der Gattung Pezomachus
(Grv.), Sec. A., pp. 1-33, but is quite distinct, in colour and sculpture,
from any of the species characterized in this work.

A NEW SPECIES OF XYLINA.

BY HENRY ENGEL, PITITSBURG, PA.
Xyliza nigrescens. sp. nov.—Two males and one female.

Upper part of head and thorax stone-gray, front of head light brown,
surmounted by a well-defined umber-brown line beneath base-of antenne.
This line is continuous along lower margin of patagize and very contrasting
from the gray thorax. ‘The thorax is rather short and square. Thoracic
vestiture intermixed with flattened hair. Thoracic crest slightly raised and
defined by a patch of dark brown hair. Collar with a faint line near tip,
not contrasting. Palpi are reddish-gray, strongiy marked laterally with an
umber-brown line outwardly. Antennze brown, almost smooth in female,
shortly ciliated in the male. The male antennz are very little thicker than
in the female, ciliations gray and contrasting. Basal part of antenn
covered with gray scales. Ground colour of primaries ash-gray. A faint
tint of green noticeable in one male. The orbicular and posterior third
of primaries show the gray colour. The rest of the wing is obscured by
dense, glossy black. The basal dash is obvious, curved toward costa,
marked with brown scales at the end. Basal part of costa deep black and
basal line not visible. TT. a» line faintly indicated, curved outward. —T. p.

April, 1905

144 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

line contrasting from ground colour, curved outwardly, then lost in the
black suffusion opposite lower end of reniform. The suffusion extends to
costa between the ordinary spots. Posteriorly it encloses lower part of
reniform and ends in a blunt spur nearly reaching tos. t. line. Thes. t.
line is indicated by brownish spots in the interspaces, best marked
opposite cell and near submedian vein. <A row of terminal black spots,
clearly defined. Terminal space mottled with black, most pronounced
near hind angle and opposite cell.

Fringe of primaries dark gray. Reniform almost square, clearly
defined basally, marked with brown and black. Orbicular gray, faintly
centered by a brown dash, strongly contrasting from the deep black, open
to costa, intermediate space to costa concolorous with orbicular, somewhat
broadening at costa. Claviform is indicated in all three examples by a
feeble oblong ring, marked with a few gray scales in outerend. Abdomen
gray, strongly tinged with carmine, most prominent on under side. Sec-
ondaries smoky, intensified along outer margin, terminus clear-cut, fringe
gray, concolorous with base of secondaries. On under side primaries are
strongly tinged with carmine along costa and outer margin, otherwise
smoky-gray. Discal spot fairly evident, dark gray. Secondaries tinged
all over with carmine, exterior line well marked, smoky. Discal spot dar
gray.

Expands: 35-40 mm.

Habitat.—West Liberty, Allegheny Co., Pa., Oct. 25, Nov. 19 and
Nov. 20, 1904. Taken at ‘‘sugar.” Coll. Engel.

This species is allied to guerguera and viridipallens in general
habitus. These-two species were compared. Xy/ina Bailevi is also
closely allied to this group according to the description ; I have only seen
it in the figures given in the ‘‘ Moth Book” and in the revision of the
genus Xylina by Prof. John B. Smith. JVigrescens is at once removed
from all the allied species by its primaries being intense iridescent black
for two-thirds of the wing from the base. It is a most strikingly marked
kind, With the wings folded and the gray thorax and apical part of the
primaries strongly contrasting, it is easy to notice on the “ sugar” patch
under the glare of the lantern. A fourth example was taken by Mr.
Merrick at New Brighton, Pa. Taking the constancy of these four
specimens as a basis, I do not hesitate to give it a name,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 145

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T,

BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA., N.-W. T.
(Continued from page 60.)*

267. Euxoa nesilens, Smith (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI., 192, Dec.,
1903).— Described from Calgary and from Brandon, Man. The type isa
Calgary specimen in Prof. Smith’s collection, and-a © co-type is in my
own. The description says: ‘‘In general appearance it resembles
silens, but does not have the black basal streak, nor the blackish suffusion
between the ordinary spots. On the other hand, it does have more
complete, better marked median lines. . . Its distinctness is clear, and its
association is with Jdasad/is, from which, however, it differs obviously in
colour.” The reference to sz/ens, implied also in the name, should
probably have been to ¢rzsticu/a, which at that time he looked upon as a
synonym of sz/ens. In general type of maculation its association may be
with dasa/is, but at the same time it is not in the very least degree like it.
It has the gray colour of f¢ris¢tzcuZa, but unlike that species, has generally
a distinct yellowish powdering. A good series of Calgary ¢r7sticu/a shows
_a tendency in that species to lose the black markings, and conversely, in
a series of twelve wesz/ens there is a tendency to develop black before and
between the stigmata, but no sign whatever of a basal streak. The
yellowish powdering is not always evident, and though the transverse
lines above referred to are a noticeable character in the series, they are
not a reliable guide. As regards the basal streak, I may use ochrogaster
for comparison. In none of my twenty-one examples of that species in
series (1) (vide infra) is there any trace whatever of any of the black
markings referred to, and all are obvious in the ten specimens under (ra).
Yet I understand from Dr. Fletcher that both forms (1 and 1a) have been
bred from the same female. I tried to call Prof. Smith’s attention to
nesilens as being distinct from ¢résticu/a (then known as sc/ens) ten years
ago, but shortly prior to its description proffered my doubts on the subject.
I dare venture no definite opinion at present. Rare, at any rate of recent
years. July and August.

268. #. ochrogaster, Gn.— Nearly always common, sometimes
abundant, and the commonest ‘“‘ cutworm” in gardens. One of the most
variable species known to me, some forms being decidedly handsome.

ERRATUM: On page 56, line 17 from the top, ‘‘No. 248” in the note on £,
pleuritica should be ‘‘ 249.”
April, 1905. ‘

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Prof. Smith tells me that I have ‘‘every form of the species which has
received a name.” I divide the species into four series as follows, and
have nothing that I can call an intergrade between any two of them:

t. Ground colour red. (Ochrogaster, Guen.).

1a. Ground colour red, with black basal streak, claviform and
discoidal cell. (Gzdaris, Grote).

2. Ground colour ochreous.

2a. Ground colour ochreous, ditto as.above. (TZurris, Grote.)

Some of (2a) have a distinct darker central band, scarcely traceable in ~ ©

any of the other series. The variation in each series by itself, both in
colour and maculation, is enormous. Form (1a) seems to be the least
common. I never questioned the unity of the forms, perhaps taking it
rather for granted that such a common and widely-distributed species must
have been carefully bred long ago, but quite recently Prof. Smith wrote to
‘me, “I am beginning to seriously doubt the identity of all the forms placed
under the same name.” Incidentally he expresses the same doubt con-
cerning perexcellens. End June to September.

: Rather common at tr S
269. £. Ldahoensis, Git. e rts ee One Saar
>but rare of late years till r904. End

270. E. furtivus, puuiche fiinerio Aanaee
~ . 5 ;

Iam fairly well satisfied that I have two closely-allied but distinct
species, standing under the above names, and both Prof. Smith and Sir
George Hampson confirm my belief that they are the two species indicated. .
I think I lave them properly separated as species, but whether I have them
under the right names or reversed is a more open question. I have had
no opportunity of seeing the original descriptions, and in all other attempts
to correctly place them I meet with confusion everywhere. Briefly de-
scribed, my two series are as follows (I mention merely the distinctive
features):

LIdahoensis, eight ¢ g and seven 9 9. Pale reddish-brown or gray-
brown, the darkest specimen having something of a purplish tinge.
Costa, clear gray; collar of same, or nearly same colour as costa, with a
black line. Discoidals uniformly concolorous with costa. A series of
black sagittate dashes preceding s. t. line, in most of the specimens
extending more than half way tot. p. line. In one-specimen only there
is scarcely a trace of these dashes.

Furtivus, fourteen ¢ ¢ andtwenty 9 9. Aslightly shorter winged
species. Costa gray, sometimes clear, but generally tinged with reddish-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147

brown, especially on extreme edge. Collar never as pale as. costa, gener-
ally unicolorous with thorax, generally with a black line, but this is
sometimes scarcely traceable. Discoidals outwardly of same colour as
palest part of costa, but nearly always darker inwardly. In more than half
the specimens there is a series of black sagittate dashes preceding the
s. t. line, but only in one specimen do they extend more than half way to
t. p. line. In the rest of the specimens these dashes are either entirely
absent or discernible by a dusky shade only.

As a whole my /dahoenszs is a slightly longer and narrower winged
species, runs paler in colour, and when dark tends to purplish, sprinkled
with gray, rather than to red-brown, and the s. t. dashes are more often
present and then longer and sharper than in furtivus.

My furtivus is like Dr, Holland’s fig., exactly, but short s. t. black
dashes, not shown in that fig., are present as often as not. Sir George
Hampson’s description says of Zdahoensis: “is dark reddish-brown, slightly
irrorated with white,” but mentions no s.t. black dashes. His fig. suggests my
Tdahoensis in colour, lacking the usual sharps. t. dashes, but the discoidals
seem darker centrally like my furtivus. He tells me “The type of Jdaho-
ensis is the gray form.” His description of furtivus is “‘gray-brown or red.
brown... . a series of small dentate black marks” (before s. t. line).
His figure suggests my furtivus, but the discoidals are smaller than in any
of my specimens of either species and the black s. t. dashes there shown
are often wanting. He tells me “a specimen we have identified by Smith
is the reddish form.” As a matter of fact, in his descriptions, Zdahoensis
sounds the darker coloured species of the two, which, I take it, is incorrect.
Prof. Smith says ‘“‘both red and gray forms of each occur; furtivus has
black sagittate spots before s. t. line; Zd@ahoensis does not have these,
though it may have a dusky shading.” He also mentions a distinctive
character in shape of orbicular, but this is so variable in both species that
I find it valueless. Recently I sent him both species and he seemed mis-
led, by the sagittate dashes, a supposed distinctive feature of furtivus, into
taking my grayish form for his own species and telling me I had the names
reversed, thus reversing his previous reference of my two forms. The
species, for such I believe. them to be, require placing on a firmer basis
than they seem to have hitherto been.

271. £. nordica, Smith.— Described from two ¢ ¢ and two ? 9? from

Calgary and Olds, Alta. (B. C. in error). Olds is about 60 miles north of
Calgary on the way to Edmonton, Its author states: “It is an ally of

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

divergens, and has the pale median vein; but the ordinary spots are not
outlined in pale and are different in shape, opening on the pallid costa,
This is also a much grayer species and the contrasts are more sharply
marked. It has a little the appearance of /fuztivus, but the powdery
markings and complete median lines easily distinguish it.” The median
vein is never as conspicuously pale as in most of my divergens, and it has
not nearly so much resemblance to either this or furtivus, as the above
remarks might lead one to suppose. Compare my notes under festula
(supra). This is the commonest form of the group and Is extremely vari-
able in every particular. The most offtype specimen I have seen is
briefly referred to under seruitus (g. v.), July and August. Prof. Smith
tells me that the type is from Cartwright, Man. I have a specimen from
there which I believe to be zordica, but as the locality is not mentioned
under the description, I think he must be mistaken, and that the type is a
Calgary specimen. Itisin the U.S. National Coliection. I should never
have recognized the species from Sir George Hampson’s figure.

272. £. divergens, Walk.—Usually very common at treacle, and a_
pest at light. June and July. A in perfect condition on Sept. 8th,
1893, may possibly have been one of a second brood.

273. £. redimicula, Morr.—Common. July to middle Sept.

274. £. servitus, Smith.—The ? type (undated) is from Calgary, and was
taken in 1895. It is figured in Ent. News, VL. Pl. xv. (December, 1895).
I have never come across another specimen, The ¢ type, figured in Sir:
George Hampson’s Catalogue, is from Colorado, and is in the U.S.
National Museum at Washington, where the ? probably is also. I agree
with Prof. Smith in thinking that this is really an aberration of redimicula.
It looks like that species with the costal gray “smudged” from the base to
the posterior end of the cell, obliterating the discoidal spots and the black
in the cell except for a small black spot about its centre. I have a speci-
men of what I feel quite sure is zordica 2 “tsmudged” in a similar manner,
but without the black spot. ‘This has been labelled serxvitus by Prof.
Smith, which it most obviously is not. In addition to the smudge, this
nordica gives the impression of all the colours having run together.

275. £. tristicula, Morr.—Common some seasons. June to middle
Aug. Until quite recently Prof. Smith considered this to be sé/ens, Grt.,
under which name it has tor long been known in N. American collections,
Shortly prior to the publication of his recent list he told me that the names
referred to the same species, but he now finds that such is probably not

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149

the case. Judging from the fig. of type in Sir George Hampson’s Cata-
logue, I should say that the Calgary species is correctly named, but the
ordinary markings are usually much more distinct. In October, 1903, I sent
a pair of this species to Sir George Hampson as sz/evs. He reported,
“quite different from sz/ens, Grt., of which we have the type; if itis not a
form of seZenis, Smith, it isa new species.” He did not seem to associate
it with ¢ris¢icuZa, of which the type, from the Neumoegen collection, is in
the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.

276. Arytus obscurus, Smith.—Described from Calgary. The type, a
d@, is in the U.S. National Collection. Common at treacle some seasons,
Aug. and Sept. Since the description was published, Prof. Smith has seen
a series from here, and believes it to be a valid species, particularly as the
genitalia differ from those of its ally. In the description he says : “This is
undoubtedly distinct from privatus, all the maculation being lost in the
very deep ground, though retaining the characteristics of the eastern form
so far as they are traceable.” Grote never saw it, but affirmed that there
was nothing in the description to separate it from the older species. Of
the latter, I have only a single ¢ from New York, which, besides being
larger, is very much paler. One of my Calgary ¢ ¢, quite the palest I
ever saw, comes very near this specimen, and may be distinct from the
rest of the series, though I doubt it. Unless the separation is to be by
the genitalia alone, | am at a loss to discover how profundus, Smith, is
to be distinguished from odscurus. The two are described on the same
page, and profundus (type, from Brandon, Man.) figured on the ac-
companying plate, which odscurus is not. The specimen seems scarcely
paler than the average run of Calgary odscurus, and I have specimens
of what I certainly call odscurus from Cartwright, Man., sixty miles south-
east of Brandon. Sir George Hampson’s figures of the two species do
not solve the difficulty.

277. Fishia Yosemite, Grt.—A few at treacle most seasons, but by no
means common. September. About the last non-hibernating noctuid to
come to treacle, and sometimes to be found resting on board fences in the day-
time. This species has until recently been confused with Wadena relecina,
Morr., under which name I have sent specimens out. It is probable
that all Northwest records of ve/ecina really refer to this species. Prof.

Smith corrects the error in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXIX., p. 201 (June,
1903), and states that Yosemite was wrongly referred to Aporophila.
He mentions that two of his specimens are from British Columbia, and
then says that one of those two is from Rounthwaite. The latter place

150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

is near Brandon, Man., and I think scarcely less than 650 miles from
the nearest point of B.C.

278. Ufeus plicatus, Grt.—A single 7 taken in a house near mouth
of Fish Creek, Sept. oth, 1893, has been so named by Prof. Smith, but
he says it is redder than his specimens.

279. U. satyricus, Grt.—Rather rare end Sept. to April. I have never
met with this species except in houses, to which I have no reason to
suppose that it has been attracted by light, even in the fall or spring.

280. Agrotiphila incognita, Smith.—Described from two ¢ ¢ from
Laggan, Alta. (B. C. in error), July 22nd, 1890, Aug. roth, 1891, above
timber, 7,000 ft. (T. E. Bean). A 9 taken by Mr. Bruce, in Colorado,
is in the British Museum. The type is at Washington.

281. A. maculata, Smith—Described from two ¢ 7 from Laggan,
July 22nd, 1890, above timber, 7,000 fi. (Bean). I took a ¢ and three
2 2 there on July roth and 2oth, 1904. One @ near the summit of Mt.
Fairview, on the east side of Lake Louise, above 8,ooo0 ft, and the
rest on St. Piran, above Lake Agnes over 7,500 ft., all on the wing in
sunshine, though probably disturbed by me. ‘They were easy of capture.
The ¢ was in good condition, the @ freshly emerged. Both this and the
preceding species are figured on plates accompanying the descriptions.
This species can be easily recognized from the figure, except that the
secondaries as there shown are very much too pale. ‘This fact is
mentioned in the text. My specimens vary a good deal in the intensity
of the black suffusions. The type is at Washington. .

[Note.—Dr. Dyar’s list of ‘‘The Lepidoptera of the Kootenai dis-
trict of British Columbia” (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII., pages 779-
938) has just come to hand and will be occasionally referred to by me
as the ‘ Kootenai list.”|

282. Mamestra discalis, Grt—Common. End June to early Aug.
Have bred it from larva beaten from Salix in early spring. The form is
slightly smaller and more distinctly marked than specimens that I
have from Colorado.

283. MW. mystica, Smith.—Described from Winnipeg. Not common,
though it showed up in rather unusual numbers in 1904. July. Treacle.
I used to consider this a dark dsca/is, and though I certainly believe it to
be a distinct species, I must say the extremes very nearly meet. In some

respects it is perhaps nearer z/mbosa, but as of that species I have only
a single and rather rubbed 9 from New York, I will not risk comparison.
In the description Prof, Smith says; “It is somewhat intermediate between

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151

nimbosa and imbrifera, but distinct from both by the dark ashen gray
of the primaries, as against the pale shading in zzmbosa, and the luteous
shading in imbrifera.” The secondaries in disca/is are almost pure white,
in mystica rather dark smoky, and in zwérifera still darker luteous
smoky. ‘The palest dsca/is and the darkest mystica sometimes require
comparison with a series to satisfactorily place. AZystica is a slightly
broader winged species, and seems to have rather more acute apices,
but in many species I find wing form just as subject to variation as
some other characters. The claviform spot is a little larger, but the
most obvious difference that I can see besides that of colour, is that the
entire. maculation in this species is more distinct. This feature in
combination with the darker colour seems to obviate the suggestion of a
colour variety. The type is at Washington.

284. VM. imbrifera, Grt._-One ¢ at head of Pine Creek in 1894,
by Mr. Hudson. I have the species from Assiniboia and Manitoba.
It seems easily distinguishable from dsca/is or mystica, as Prof. Smith
points out, by the luteous, almost olivaceous coloration throughout.
In my three specimens (all ¢ ¢) the blackish shadings before the
s. t. line are much more suffused and produced towards the t, p. than in
any of my mystica. In each of the threé last species there seems to be
sometimes a tendency in the orbicular and reniform to join.

285. MM. purpurissata, Grt.—Common. July and Aug. The dis-
coridal spots are sometimes confluent.

286. AL. juncimacula, Smith.— One f at light, Aug. rath, 1gor,
which Prof. Smith says is smaller than his specimens. It is below the
average size of my furpurissata, but exceeds the smallest. A_ brief
comparison of these two species with each other and with zugatis,
Smith, will be found in Ent. News for. December, 1898, p. 241.
The joining of the discoidal spots, on which the name is based, is
not a constant feature. My specimens show the following difference
from purpurissata: Wings narrower, costa of primaries straighter, apex
less rounded, colour paler, with more distinct reddish shade. Basal, t. a.
and t.p. lines more sharply angulated, and s.t. line more sharply
toothed inwards above the W; secondaries paler. The sharper angulation
of the lines gives the primaries a reticulated appearance not noticeable in
purpurissata. These differences are all well marked in Dr. Holland’s
figures of the two species, by which they should be easily separated.
As a matter of fact the secondaries in my juncimacu/a are more smoky

152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

outwardly than in his figure, and are scarcely darker than in some of my

purpurissata.

287. M. columbia, Smith.—Originally described as a Zeniocampa,
but referred by its describer to shis*genus in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX.,
199 (June, 1903). The types are in the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute
of Arts and Sciences and in U. S. National Museum, and were taken by
Capt. Geddes in 1884 in ‘‘North-west British Columbia.” The locality
thus vaguely recorded may in this instance be intended for Alberta,
N.-W. T., where Capt. Geddes seems to have done a good deal of collecting,
and where the species is rather common at treacle, and sometimes on
flowers in the daytime, during July and August. Some years ago Prof.
Smith named the species for me as meditata, under which name I suspect
that it still stands in many collections, and of which it is, I suppose, the
Western representative. I have compared a good series of both sexes from
Calgary with 2 g g and a @ from Cartwright, Man., and with a series of
meditata from Chicago and the extreme North-eastern States. The U. S.
specimens run much darker in colour than our Western form, being dark
reddish-brown, sprinkled with gray scales, co/umbia, as a rule, varying from
a pale rusty yellow to an almost pinkish red. The three Manitoba speci-
mens, however, which come from Cartwright, from Mr. Heath, though
certainly co/umbia, rather than meditata, seem to suggest an intergrade.

288. MM. cervina, Smith.—Described from Winnipeg, Man. The type
is at Washington. Formerly confused with /vstra/is, under which name L
used to send it out. The description states, ‘It is a narrower winged
species, coming nearer to med?¢fata in this respect and with less well pecti-
nated antenne. The markings, while much the same in all essential points,
are less distinct.” There also seems to bea difference in the genitalia. I
have only one f Zustra/is, coming from Dr. Barnes, locality not stated.
Besides being paler, it differs in the points mentioned, except that I can
see no antennal difference, even with a lens. Not rare. End June and
July. Dr. Holland’s figure of Zustradis is degitima, Grt.

289. M. segregata, Smith.—Described from Laggan (B. C. in error).
Taken at light, May 13th and 17th (T. E. Bean). Figured with the de-
scription.

290. M. gussata, Smith.— ) Not rare at Sallow blossoms near mouth

291. M. negussa, Smith.— fof Fish Creek, Bow River, at end of
April and early May. Both described from Calgary. Both are figured
with the description, and a good figure of zegussa is shown in Dr. Holland’s

Os

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1d

“Moth Book.” The types of all the last three mentioned forms are at
Washington. Whether they really represent three species is an open
question. I can see nothing in the figure of segregata to separate it from
Calgary gussata, and Sir George Hampson,who has both, as well as megussa,
in the British Museum, or at any rate has seen the Laggan form and has
the two others, considers segregata and gussata to be the same species.
Not having seen the Laggan form personally, further comment upon it
would be out of place. MVegussa, which was described at my instigation,
is practically gussa¢a without the black or blackish markings present in
that species as a basal streak, in the cell, before the s. t. line, and as a
dash connecting t. a. and t. p. lines below the discoidal spots. ‘The forms
which when collecting them, I used to look upon as probably distinct,
used to be not uncommon in the early spring in the above mentioned
locality, but having changed my place of abode to ten miles further west,
where I have never met with either, I have been unable to make special
‘trips for them at the right season, and have not sufficient material to
enable me to form anything like a decisive opinion. I have left 2 ¢ ¢
and 1 2 gussata, indifferent specimens, and 3 ¢ ¢ and 2 2 2 wegussa, in
almost perfect condition. Vegussa looks to me a slightly broader winged
species (?), in which the black is sometimes represented by dark chocolate
brown, but seems very variable, and in some there is no trace of any dark
markings whatever except in the reniform. I have a suspicion that a long
series would show that the dark brown markings, when present, had a
tendency to darken into black, which might make a separation of the forms
very difficult. Prof. Smith’s examination of the genitalia shows nothing
against the suggestion. Dr, Dyar in his Kootenai list records segregata
from Kaslo, B. C., and suggests that gussaza is a variety of it.

292. MW. neoterica, Smith.—Described from Winnipeg. Common,
end June and early July. One specimen, in fine condition, on Aug. 4,
1893. The western representative of detracta. Prof. Smith says (Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI., No. 1, p. 16, March, 1903) “‘weoterica looks like a
small detracta with some minor differences in type of maculation. When
the genitalia of the ¢ ¢ are compared these differences are enormously
increased, though there is no change in type.” I have detracta from
Louisiana, Mo.; Chicago; and New Brighton, Pa. Inthe Kootenai list, Dr-

Dyar seems to imply that the western prairie mweoterica is darker than
eastern detracta. In my two series, though the colour difference is not
strongly marked, the reverse is the case. Detracta is a little Jarger and
has somewhat of a smoky suffusion throughout. Veoterica has a much

April, 1905.

154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

smoother appearance and shows more of a pale fawn ground colour, which
seems generally obscured by the suffusion in detracta. I have only two
2 2 of meoterica, all that seem to have been taken here in twelve seasons.
These are both narrower in expanse than the average of the mc geuae Se
detracta my 2 ? average largerthan the ¢ ¢. A glance at Dr. Holland’s
figures will give a good idea of the usual differences between the two forms.
The type is at Washington.

293. M. Furnhami, Grt.—-Not rare, at light and treacle. - End May
to early July.

294. .W. liguida, Grt—Common. End May to early July.

295. WW. Atlantica, Grt.—Rare on the whole. June and July. Trea-
cle. Not observed previous to 1896, and not met with every year since.

296. MW. radix, Walk.—Common at treacle. June.

297. M. Nevada, Grt.—Rare. Treacle. Juneand July. In his
Kootenai list Dr. Dyar says that a form occurring near Kaslo, B. C., is
the same as the Calgary species, and suggests evade as the correct name,
with Canadensis, Smith, as a probable synonym.

298. MZ. invalida, Smith_—Very rare. Four specimens only, all? ?.
May 31st, 1902, June 18th and roth, 1903. Method of capture not
stated on labels, but probably light. Prof. Smith has one of the specimens.
This, of course, differs from a AHadena in having hairy eyes, otherwise it
has a strong superficial resemblance to certain gray forms of Xylophasia
versuta, and might easily be mistaken for that species. It may best be
distinguished from it by the presence of whitish or grayish white patches
at base, in orbicular and claviform, and in s. t. space, especially near apex
and anal angle. ‘The secondaries are duller smoky, without any of the
mother-of-pearl sheen which seems characteristic of versuta.

299. M. trifolii, Rott.—Common, end June to Aug., but absent in
some seasons.

Var. Oregonica, Grt.—One specimen, a ¢, dated July 27th, 1898,
is sharply distinct from the rest of my series. I had it for some years with
Scotogramma phoca, to which I cannot help claiming that it bears more
resemblance, but where I admit its presence never satished me. Dr.
Bariies when viewing my collection in August, 1902., picked it out as this
var. of ¢rifolii. It is of the average expanse of ¢rzfo/zz, but actual meas-
urement proves that my eye was correct in judging it to be broader in
wing than any of that species i have examined. In colour it is dull
luteous smoky throughout, and the maculation is very indistinct. The

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155

median and t. p. lines seem more sharply lunulate inwards and toothed
outwards than in ¢rzfolt7, the s. t. line and terminal shade are hardly
discernible, and the secondaries lack the pearly sheen of that species. By
the hairy eyes it is certainly Mamestra rather than Scotogramma, but it
was its dark luteous tint and smoky suffused maculation which made me
place it tentatively with phoca. Prof. Smith has recently seen the specimen
and, calling it ¢r¢fo/ii, adds, ‘I can’t say anything else, unless you prefer
to label it Oregonica. In my series the primaries become almost black.”
It stands waiting for something like a connecting link. Dr. Dyar in
recording a specimen of Ovregonica in Mr. Cockle’s collection at Kaslo,
adds, ‘“‘I am inclined to regard this form as distinct from ¢rifolii”
( Kootenai list).

300. MZ. obesula, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXVI, 151, June, 1904).
Described from a ¢ and three 9 @: one from Denver, Coijo., the rest
from here. The type is in Prof. Smith’s collection at Rutgers College,
Two pair, one a 9 co-type, are in my own. Six specimens altogether
have been taken, all at light, July 2oth to Aug. 5th, 1903. The descrip-
tion says, ‘‘It is in a way intermediate between Farnhami and trifolii,
having the colour contrasts of the former, with the build and maculation
of the latter.” I endorse those remarks, though before the description
was published I had not noticed its resemblance to Farnzhamz, and had
placed it next ¢7/fo/ii, than which, as its name implies, it is a stouter,
heavier built insect, broader winged, and with Jess acute apices. It seems
to be a well-marked species.

301. AZ. rosea, Harr.—Common. End May to early July.

302. MW. rubefacta, Morr.—Very rare. Four or five specimens only.
Middle June and early July.

303. WV. picta, Harris.—A single specimen, g, on Aug. 16th, 1903,
by Mr. Hudson. It is slightly smaller, but otherwise not separable from
Chicago examples.

304. M. assimilis, Morr.—Not met with previous to 1896, when a
few were taken. Since rgot it has been rather common. End June and
July.

305. 4. ingravis, Smith.— Described from Calgary, and figured with
the description. Fairly common at treacle and light, May and June.
From what Prof. Smith says, this seems to have no very near allies in the
genus. Some specimens show a decided tendency to melanism. The
type is at Washington.

156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

306. M. adjuncta, Bdv.—One specimen at treacle, June 28th, 1895
It has lost an abdomen, three wings and one antenna, during a journey

through the mails.
307. M. circumvadis, Smith.—The type is a-?, taken here at light
on July 21st, 1g00, and is in Prof. Smith’s coilection at Rutgers College.

A ¢ on July 26th, 1902, is not quite such a fine specimen, and has lost
both antenne in a journey through the mails. Three or four specimens
were taken at light during 1904, June 30th to July 13th. ‘The species is
recorded from Aweme, Man. (June 27th), by Mr. Norman Criddle. _ Prof.
Smith says it is allied to chartaria and defessa. Sir George Hampson
has seen a ¢ and says it is allied to capsu/aris, minorata and ectrapela.

308. AZ. Tacoma, Strk.—Fairly common some years. June to middle
July. The species was described from Pullman, Wash., and Dr. Strecker
adds, ‘‘Superficially having some resemblance to //actna aud rugosa, but
agreeing in detail with neither.” odii in the West was then standing in
some collections as swgosa and may have been intended in Strecker’s
remarks. It is certainly more like Zacoma than is either Calgary /i/acina
or Ottawa rugosa, but I had Zacoma standing in a different series from
Dodii five or six years before it had recognition as a species elsewhere.
It averages larger than Dodi, and has the ground colour of a clearer lilac-
gray, especially in the s. t. area, A nearly constant distinctive feature is
that in Dodii, a reddish shade runs through s. t. space from the costa near
the apex, obliquely towards where the t. p. line meets the inner margin.
This is darkest above the subcostal vein and gradually fades out below it,
generally vanishing completely ere it quite reaches the inner margin. It
is not always present at all below subcostal vein, but there 1s very rarely
any trace of it below the same point in Zacoma. In Dodii the orbicular
varies tremendously in size, shape and colour. I have one specimen in
which it is quite round, almost pure white, and hardly more than ¥ the
size of the reniform. In others it is elliptical, irregular and 24 to 34 the
size. The orbicular in Zacoma varies much less, is more regular in out-
line, very slightly oval, more even in colour, and as clear or clearer than
the palest part of s. t. area. As a whole the two species are sharply
distinct, but occasional specimens require familiarity with the range of
variation to determine.

(To be continued.)

Mailed April 6, 1905.

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VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, MAY, 1905. No. 5

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. s.
CANADIAN THREE-COLOUR PROCESS ILLUSTRATIONS.
BY JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA.

We are indebted to the Toronto Engraving Company, Limited, for
the beautiful plate given in this month’s issue. The invention of the
trichromatic photographic process of illustration is undoubtedly one of
the most important stimuli to scientific work of recent years. Especially
is this the case in the study of insects, where it is frequently necessary to
depict accurately very slight differences, both in form and colour, which
could be described only with difficulty, or at great length. The three-
colour process makes it now possible to reproduce, with great exactness,
any coloured object that may be desired, and at a moderate cost. As
excellent examples of this kind of work in illustrating insects, we may
refer to the many beautiful figures which have appeared in the pages of
our esteemed contemporary “ Entomological News,” as well as those
which have also adorned some of cur own issues.

Up to the present time the best class of this work has all been done
in the United States, but we are now able to present a plate done entirely
in Canada by the Toronto Engraving Company, Limited, which, to the
writer, seems to be equal to the best imported work. Anyone wishing to
get full particulars as to cost, etc., should correspond directly with the
above firm.

The insects figured on the accompanying plate were chosen with the
special purpose of showing a wide range of colouring. The species are
so well reproduced that there will be no trouble in recognizing all of them.

Figures 1 and 1a represent the Large Ermine, Zstigmene acrea,
Drury, female and male. This beautiful moth, which is common in all
parts of Canada, is the perfect state of the so-called Salt-marsh Caterpillar,
a name which was given to it many years ago by Dr. Harris, and of which
an interesting account is given in his classic work on the Insects Injurious
to Vegetation. The full-grown caterpillar is one of the common “ woolly
bears” and when full-grown is over an inch and a half in length. It is

158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

extremely active and is clothed with long hairs, which are mostly of a
blackish or reddish tint on the back, but of a lighter colour on the sides of
the body. The colour of the skin is gray, marked on the sides with
black spots and yellowish streaks. The female moth has all the wings of
a beautiful silky white, dotted with black. -The maie shown at 1a is easily
distinguished by its orange underwings. As an instance of the large
amount of good work which is still to be done in entomology, it may be
pointed out that, as far as the writer can learn, no complete life-history of
this common and beautiful moth has ever been published.

Figure 2. The Two-lobed Plusia, Autographa biloba, Steph. The
Plusias form a favourite group with all collectors of moths. They are
active moths, for the most part beautifully marked with bold silver or gold
marks on the forewings, contrasting with a brown or bronzed background.
The caterpillars of many of the species have not yet been described, but
they are interesting from the fact that they are semi-loopers, having only
two pairs of prolegs on the abdominal segments, instead of four pairs as
in most noctuid caterpillars. The food plants of most of the species in
the group to which the Two-lobed Plusia belongs, are various low her-
baceous plants. The caterpillars are of a delicate green colour, closely
resembling the hue of the plant upon which they feed.

Figure 3. The Large American Tiger Moth, Arctia caia, L., a.
Americana, Harr. There are few more striking insects than the beautiful
large tiger moth which is shown herewith. In some specimens the large
black spots shaded with blue on the underwings are very much larger and
more numerous than in our figure ; likewise, in some specimens the white
markings on.the primaries may be more conspicuous or almost obliterated.
The caterpillar, which has been described fully by Mr. Arthur Gibson in
the “Canadian Entomologist” for November, 1900, is two inches in
length, of a deep black above, rust-red on the sides, and covered with
long, sweeping black and silvery hairs. The eggs are laid in summer, the
caterpillars make about half their growth before winter sets in and become
full-grown in June, the moths appearing a month later.

Figure 4, the Cerise Underwing, Catocala concumbens., Wik. The
Underwings are a very large and favourite group with collectors. The
present species is, perhaps, one of the most attractive and is a common
moth in Eastern Canada. ‘The caterpillar feeds on willow.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159

Figure 5, the Nepigon Forester, Parasemia plantaginis, L., b. Scud-
deri, Pack. The form here shown is the extremely constant and invariable
one which may be taken in hundreds at Nepigon, north of Lake Superior.
This was described by Henry Edwards as Wemeophila Selwynii; but, as
Mr. H. H. Lyman has pointed out, it is most probably the same insect as
was described by Packard under the name of WV. Scudderi. The stem-
species P. plantaginis is remarkable for its extreme variability, as may be
seen in a large series of specimens taken at any place in the foothills of
the Rocky Mountains ; but the Nepigon form is remarkably constant in
all its markings ; and, although an occasional specimen taken in the West
may resemble the Nepigon form very much, there is always one small but
seemingly good character by which the specimens may be separated, viz.:
a short orange stripe at the base and extending about one-fifth of the
length up the edge of the costa. This has always been entirely wanting
on all specimens which I have taken at Nepigon (some hundreds) or have
bred from the egg.

Figure 6 and 6a, the ‘White Pine Butterfly” (of British Columbia),
Neophasia menapia, Felder. Periodically the Douglas Spruces in the
coast regions of British Columbia, and the Bull Pines, Pévus ponderosa, of
the interior of that province, are severely injured by the white-striped, dark
green caterpillars of the beautiful Pierid here illustrated (female, upper and
lower side). The male butterfly is much whiter and does not show the
rich markings on the veins. The eggs are most beautiful objects, resem-
bling minute emerald green Florence flasks, vertically lined with delicate
lines and with a beaded rim of porcelain-white knobs. The eggs are laid
in rows of from five to fifteen along the leaves, at an angle pointing to the
tip of the leaf, and cemented together. Eggs laid in the Okanagan Valley
of British Columbia at the end of July remained as eggs all through the
winter and hatched from the 5th to the r2th April the following spring at
Ottawa and in West Virginia. In some seasons, as last year, this butterfly
is enormously abundant in British Columbia during August, and the dead
insects may be seen in myriads, floating on the sea around Vancouver
Island. ‘The females are always remarkably less abundant than the males.

Figure 7 represents the common noctuid, JVoctua bicarnea, Gn.
This figure is not so successful as the others on the plate, the markings
being less distinct than might have been expected from the specimen.

160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A NEW CARABUS AND CYCHRUS, WITH MISCELLANEOUS
NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.

BY THOS. L. CASEY, ST. LOUIS,. MO.

Among a large series of Coieoptera collected by Mr. C. H. T. Town-
send in the northwestern part of Mexico and forwarded to me some years
ago, I note an interesting new Caradus, which may be described as
follows :—

Carabus Townsendi, n. sp.—Somewhat similar to Forreri, Bates—
Ann. & Mag., N. Hist., ser. 5, [X., p. 320—from Durango, but narrower
in form, the elytra having similarly close-set unimpressed series of very
minute punctures, but having each only two series of larger, widely-spaced,
impressed fovex, the inner of the three series of Forrerz being wholly
absolete, the middle series only present in basal half and the outer extend-
ing only to apical fourth, the lateral margin more narrowly reflexed and
with bluish reflection. Length, 21 mm.; width, 9 mm.

The single specimen in my cabinet was taken at Meadow Valley,
six miles south of Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico, in the Sierra
Madre Mountains, at an elevation of 7,300 feet.

Cychrus pustulosus, n. sp,—Black, dull in lustre, with shining elytral
tubercles ; head coarsely punctato-rugose, with well-marked supra-orbital
ridges, the front but feebly elevated at the middle ; prothorax rather
wider than long, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, becoming oblique
and nearly straight toward the base as in Hemp/il/i, the angles obtuse, the
surface coarsely punctato-rugose and dull, the margins very finely reflexed;
elytra oval, having each three series of large, widely-spaced, rounded and-
polished tubercles, increasing in size to the summit of the declivity and
even more conspicuous than in /¢ubercudatus, though less numerous, the
intervening surfaces with single series of small tubercles, the interspaces
also minutely and irregularly tuberculose or granulose, dull and lustreless.
Length, 17 mm.; width, 8 mm. Washington State.

The single female before me differs from tubercu/atus, not only in its
oblique sides of the prothorax toward base, but in its smaller size, less
robust form and stronger elytral tubercles. The prothorax of Hemphilli,
Rickseckeri and pustulosus is oblique and nearly straight at the sides
toward base, while in ¢uderculatus the sides are broadly sinuate pos-
teriorly, the basal angles being right.

The European Cryfptophilus integer, Heer., seems to be cosmopolitan
in distribution, and, although unknown to me at the time of revising our

May, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161

Cryptophagide (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII), I have since obtained
single specimens from Vicksburg, Miss., Alexandria, La.. and Del Rio,
Texas.

In my revision of the American Coccinellide (I. c., VII) I erected a
new genus—/Veomysia—for the species of our fauna usually called JZysza,
and, although I am now inclined to think that there is really no generic
difference between our species and the European, the name (Veomysia
will, nevertheless, have to be applied to both, as AZysza is a preoccupied
name. In the genus Zag/oba (1. c., p. 113), the two forms described under
the names /atico//is and orbipennis seem to be merely varietal in nature,
although the material in my cabinet is too scanty to base any final judg-
ment upon. As stated by Mr. Fall, my Hxochomus ovoideus (p. 107)
should be regarded as a synonym of desertorum ; the locality label on the
former specimens is undoubtedly erroneous ; they may have been taken
in Colorado, in which region much of Dr. Levette’s material was collected.
Nephaspis brunnea seems to be the female of Gorhami (p. 168), and the
name should therefore disappear in synonmy. It is my desire, in the
near future, to revise again our species of Scymmus, as the table published
in the paper mentioned is far from satisfactory in many respects.

Liobaulius spectans, Csy., described in the preceding volume of this
journal, is closely allied to the Central American Anthicus clavicornis,
Champ., differing principally in having the elytra punctate only in the
transverse subbasal depression and not striato-punctate in basal third.
Impressipennis, Laf., described from Texas, which also appears to be
allied, differs in coloration and in its much more elongate elytra. No
species closely allied to Arontera/is is alluded to by Mr. Champion in the
- “ Biologia.”

VANONUS, Csy.

Renewed observation upon the material in my collection seems to
prove that those examples having the under surface of the hind femora
densely papillose and the antennz evenly and gradually enlarged distally,
are males, while those without the femoral pad, but with a strong sub-
apical lamelliform tooth on the under side of the hind femora—the
antenne having an abrupt pentamerous club—are females. It may be
said, at least, that where the male spicule is visible at all, the femora are
papillose, and, in the only case before me where the sex is evidently
female, the femora are simply toothed. In my previous work (Col. Not.,
VL, p. 791,) I took it for granted, to some extent, that the remarkable

162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

femoral tooth and abnormal antennal characters bespoke the male, and
was therefore led to make a distinct genus for these females named
Tanilotes (\. c., p. 798). Suppressing the genus- Zaz/otes, therefore, we
may suggest the following arrangement for the rather numerous species of

Vanonus :—
Vestiture simple and uniform, short, rather stiff and not conspicuous....2

Vestiture dual, consisting of larger, suberect and stiffer hairs, borne by
the punctures, and very small, fine decumbent and denser hairs cover-
ing the interspaces ; eyes generally very large, the body always small:
in size, less than 1.5 mm. in length ; basal impressions of the pronotum

large but shallow, always separated... 5.0.00. ..< ss 6 6,006 «eee 9
2. Two subbasal impressions of the pronotum confluent = “ig
Two subbasal impressions separated. . fxjatareees ‘ 8

3. Subbasal impression of the a oneHihi feeble, benseiatia at aie middle ;
species much larger, nearly 2.5 mm. in length, rather sparsely punc-
tured, brown in colour, the head darker. Wisconsin.....ca/vescens, Csy.

Subbasal impression deep and conspicuous throughout its extent; species

minute, scarcely ever exceeding 1.5 mm. in length.......... ive bad
4. Prothorax as long as wide, or nearly so, the sides abligune and sical
Straight antert@bly... 6:6 soci. siete ada nsecphoce wen & to mcs och cm 1 =o!
Prothorax, transverse. 28. 5-2 fos o 0s aol Rae

5. Eyes moderately ee seed ie ene ds more ‘han twice their
own width ; occiput but slightly elevated, blackish-piceous in colour,
the antennz and legs red-brown; elytra feebly elevated internally —
near the scutellum. Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia)... ..pzceus, Lec.

Eyes smaller, separated by much more than twice their own width, the
front flatter and the occiput more elevated when viewed laterally,
slightly smaller in size, black or blackish in colour; elytra more
strongly and abruptly subtuberculate inwardly near the humeri.
Ontario '(Séverh).") 1... : Le Pee eee tuberculifer, Ham.

6. Eyes large, nepiarated: by maith 1éss tliat twice their own width ; antennz
thick, gradually incrassate ; prothorax small, subparallel towaird base,
narrowed apically, dark Lac area throughout. New York,

(Hudson Valley) . as . vigilans, Csy.
Eyes much smaller, separated by distinctly n more than twice their own

widih ; prothorax strongly, almost evenly rounded at the sides and
but slightly more narrowed apically than basally................7
7. Pale brown, the head piceous, moderately stout and convex ; head’
intermediate in width between the prothorax and base of the elytra,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163

finely punctured ; antennz about half as long as the body, rather
slender, enlarging moderately toward tip; prothorax finely but
strongly, closely punctured ; elytra parallel, about two-thirds longer
than wide, the punctures strong and rather sparse, the surface strongly
shining, each broadly but rather abruptly swollen near the scutellum.
Length, 1.4 mm.; width, 0.75 mm. New York, (near the city)
. fusciceps, N. sp.
Darker brown, the head blackish ; integuments much duller in lustre, the
punctures denser, those of the elytra smaller, but more close-set ;
antenne almost similar ; prothorax relatively larger, strongly rounded
at the sides, slightly narrower than the head; elytra rather more
elongate and less subtruncate at apex, the swellings near the scutellum
feebler and more diffuse. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, c.7 mm. Wis-
consin (Bayfield). Mr. Wickham.. 5a tos PRME 34)) Tip congener, N. Sp.
8. Eyes small, moderately prominent, sos iecameta behind them larger
than in any other species of the genus, and from more than one-half
to two-thirds as long as the eyes; front broadly convex, closely
punctate in the male, sparsely in the female; male antenne about
half as long as the body, the five outer joints very faintly larger, those
of the female two-fifths as long as the body, with the five outer joints
more distinctly enlarged ; prothorax densely punctate, wider than

long, only slightly narrower than the head, narrowed anteriorly ;
elytra parallel, obtusely rounded at tip, finely, strongly and closely
punctured, more elongate in the male and about three-fourths longer
than wide; size small as in fécews. Wisconsin (Bayfield), Mr.
Wickham. [= Zanilotes lacustris, Csy.|..........Wickhami, Csy.
Eyes larger, almost attaining the base ; size much larger, about 2 mm. in
length, similarly blackish in coloration and only moderately shining,
strongly and closely punctured; antennz barely two fifths as long as
the body, the five-jointed club very broad and conspicuous; elytra
parallel, nearly twice as long as wide, obtuse at apex ; femoral tooth
of the female much larger than in Wickhami. Mastiactuns (near
Philadelphia)... «sci. sae.« ‘ . densus, Csy.
g. Eyes separated by distinctly more than their own "width ; antenne
shorter, two-fifths as long as the body, gradually but strongly incras-
sate distally ; elytral punctures coarser and less dense, the surface
somewhat shining. Florida (Crescent City)...... oridanus, Csy.
Eyes separated by not more than their own width and sometimes less;
elytral punctures smaller, dense, the surface or dull; antenne
much longer, fully one-half as long as the body.. Uo er rae
1o, Basal thoracic impressions distinct ; form stouter, ‘nearly as in Pilceus ;
antennee thick, rather more than half as long as. the body, only just

‘

164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

visibly incrassate throughout their length, pale ; body piceous-black,
the legs slender, dark brown throughout. Michigan... Huronicus, Csy.
Basal thoracic impressions very feeble ; body smaller and slender ; antenne
thinner but more obviously incrassate from base to apex, black, the
antenne and legs pale, the femora blackish. Florida (Indian
River) . : . Sagax, Csy,
The sypes as meena above: are Sales throvighout ‘tea padded.
femora, except densus, of which the only known representative is a
female. ‘The key to the interpretation of sexual identity here assumed
was fortunately given by the two specimens of Wickhami before me, and
it is regrettable that a greater number of individuals are not known in
other species, in order to verify or modify the conclusions arrived at from
this pair. The sexual differences certainly appear to have developed a
most unusual form, since femoral modifications of the kind noted in the
assumed females of Vanonus almost invariably pertain to the male. The
types of congener and fusciceps, following my original hypothesis, were
the females of other species of the ficeus group, but, upon the theory that

all the individuals with padded femora are males, they could be considered
in no other light than distinct species.

The generic name Schizonotus (Col. Not., IV., 1892, p. 708) is
several times preoccupied, and I would therefore substitute Schizomicrus.
The genus Pseudolesteva, Csy., (]. c., V., p. 398) is also preoccupied, and I
would therefore substitute for it the name Para/esteva.

A copy of the ‘‘ Index Zoologicus,” of Waterhouse and Sharp, just
received, forms a very useful addition to the library, although marred by
a considerable percentage of error. Referring to my own genera, for
example, I find the genus ‘‘ Achromata,” attributed to me, should ‘be
Achromota, and, in a similar way, the genus ‘ Megafaronus” should be
Megarafonus, Olia” should be O//a, “ Pontalomata” should be Poxto-
malota and *‘ Ulloporus” should be U/oporus. The genus ‘“ Eomedon,”
similarly assigned, was not described by tne. u/itrus, “ Casey,” should
be Zuditrus, Sharp. I do not recollect having founded any such genera

s **Sponidium” and “ Typitium,” which are attributed to me, and further
verification is necessary. The genus Zy/oderma, Say, seems to have been
overlooked in all the lists that I have been able to consult; it is an
important genus of Curculionide. The names De/ius, Jsoglossa, Orus
and Phalacropsis, proposed by me, have been repeated by other authors,
and, as these genera appear to be valid, the latter names will have to be
changed. The name D¢taphrus, Csy., repeated later by Sharp, is, how-
ever, a synonym, and Sharp’s name will therefore remain valid, unless it
be considered better to have no two names alike, even though one of
them may bea synonym, which in the writer’s opinion is the preferable
policy regarding genera, although unnecessary in the case of species,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165

NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM THE WESTERN
UNITED STATES.

SECOND PAPER.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

A number of interesting undescribed species of Coleoptera have
accumulated in my cabinet, principally as the result of my own trips to
the western parts of the country. The description of several of these
follow, care having been taken to avoid describing forms belonging to
genera of great extent which have not been recently monographed :

CICINDELA, Linn.

C. Parowana, n. sp.—General form of C. fulgida, Say, but a trifle
more elongate. Above bright, shining blue-green, beneath purple-blue.
Head granulate above, interocular strize fine and numerous, front very
hairy, cheeks with a few white hairs, labial palpi of male pale at base,
labrum longer and more advanced in the middle than in fwdgida. Pro-
thorax much as in /w/gida, but more narrowed behind and less hairy.
Elytra proportionately a little longer and more finely and clearly punctate
than in fu/gida, the surface very finely rugulose, ihe tips minutely serrulate.
Markings of the type of /fu/gida, but the middle band is prolonged back-
ward along the side margin, though not reaching the apical lunule, while
the descending discal portion is more elongate, less curved, scarcely
enlarged nor reflexed at tip. Vestiture of the under surface much as in
fulgida. Length, 13 mm., .52 inch.

I collected a small series of this interesting beetle on the old sand
beaches of Little Salt Lake, near Parowan, Utah, about the middle of
August. They were running and flying at a distance of perhaps half a
mile from the water’s edge on bare spots among the scant grass and weeds
which dot the waste bottoms. As I was engaged at the time in a search
for C. echo,* I thought at first that I had secured a green race of that
species which would lead into C. pseudoseni/is, and not until after reach-
ing home did I find that my captures were more nearly allied to C. fu/gida.
I succeeded also in finding the true C. echo in this same neighbourhood,
though it was more abundant closer to the lake.

After a casual comparison with specimens in my cabinet, my first
impression was that the above-described form should be classified as a
local colour-variety of C. fu/gida, but on further examination I have

*See The American Naturalist for September, 1904; also the Annual Report of
the Entomological Society of Ontario for the same year,

May, 1905,

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

decided to let it stand for the present as a species which should go between
fulgida and echo (though more closely allied to the former), since the
characters used in diagnosis seems absolutely constant in my series. The
backward extension of the marginal portion of the median band, unac-
companied as it is by any tendency to forward expansion, is a striking
character, though not in itself of any great taxonomic value.

ScyMNus, Kug.

S. virginalis, n. sp.—Form broadly oval, convex, outline of thorax
and elytra nearly continuous. Beneath testaceous, the femora more or
less piceous, above black, anterior angles of the prothorax indefinitely
paler, each elytron with a large oval spot (most of which is antemedian),
and a triangular lateral mark, broadest on the base and. gradually narrow-
ing posteriorly, orange-red. Head extremely sparsely and minutely
punctured. Prothorax sparsely and finely punctured, narrower at apex,
broadest in front of the middle, sides arcuate anteriorly, more nearly
straight behind, basal margin not regularly curved, but sub-sinuate laterally
and truncate in front of the scutellum, the marginal line visible, but not
well marked. Scutellum finely punctured. Elytra more deeply and
coarsely punctured than the prothorax, the surface (when denuded of
pubescence), shining. Prosternum with the elevated ridges subparallel.
Mesosternum punctate and rugulose, metasternum more coarsely punc-
tured at sides. Abdomen not-closely nor coarsely punctured, the meta-
coxal arc covering only about half the width of the first abdominal segment.
and not attaining the outer anterior segmental angle. Length, 2.85 mm.,
.114 inch.

Found at Leeds, St. George and Chadburn’s Ranch, all in the Virgin
River basin, of southern Utah. I took a number of specimens of this
fine large species, in July, and they show considerable variation in color-
ation. The pattern described above is that of the type, and seems to be
the most characteristic ; some individuals, however, have the reddish
elytral spot confluent anteriorly with the latero-basal mark, so that only
the sutural region and a large apicai blotch remain black. The head, in
one specimen, becomes reddish, and in this individual there is also a
narrow transverse reddish stripe on the prothorax. The extent of the
prothoracic pale margin is somewhat variable, and the abdomen is occa-

sionally clouded along the middle. The pubescence, above and beneath,
is whitish, not concealing the surface colour. By Dr. Horn’s synopsis,
this species belongs next to céuctus, Lec., and it seems certainly different
from any of those described later by Major Casey.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167

GyascuTus, LeConte.

G. juniperinus, n. sp.-—General form of G. ob/tteratus, Lec. Colour
metallic-purplish, shining, surface obscured by a greenish-yellow pollinose
deposit, which becomes whitish on the sterna and venter, the entire body
and legs clothed as well with a fine, sparse, short white pubescence. Head
coarsely, unevenly and confluently punctured, epistoma broadly emargi-
nate. Eyes much less oblique than in G. planicosta and G. ob/iteratus,
so that the face between them, viewed from in front, is about as broad at
top as below. Antennz short, not or scarcely attaining the posterior
thoracic angles, the second joint proportionately shorter and thicker than
in the female of G. odditeratus. Pronotum about two-thirds as long as
wide, convex, irregularly coarsely punctate, the punctuation extensively
confluent at the sides and anterior margin. A broad median space is
simply irregularly punctate, the punctures well separated.’ Sides arcuate
anteriorly, nearly straight and almost parallel in posterior three-fifths.
Base emarginate at middle, sinuate each side ; apex slightly rounding.
Hind angies acute, scarcely perceptibly divergent, front angles obtuse.
Elytra, across the humeri, slightly wider than the. base of the prothorax,
scarcely perceptibly narrowed to about three-fifths, thence rapidly to apex,
which is emarginate or shortly spinose, side margin serrate near the tip,
surface with small, irregular smooth spaces and rather finely punctured,
the punctures somewhat regularly serially arranged near the suture, but
confused near the sides and tip, where they become extensively (especially
transversely) confluent, giving rise to a rugose structure. Prothorax
beneath rather coarsely, deeply and confluently punctured, the prosternum
between the coxe smooth, highly polished, not sulcate, but with a longi-
tudinal row of pitlike punctures. Meso- and metathoracic sidepieces
coarsely and confluently punctate, sterna sulcate, smoother near the middle
where the punctures become sparser, but deeper. Abdomen rather
coarsely rugosely punctured at sides, middle alutaceous between the
punctures, which are coarse, but generally well separated. Last ventral
subtruncate and somewhat uneven at tip. Legs alutaceous and distinctly
strongly punctured to the tips of the tibiz. Femora and tibiz simple, the
anterior tibize very slightly arcuate, the middle and hind ones practically
straight. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the second and third united,
claws simple. Length, 11.75 to 13 mm., .47 to .52 inch.

_ Described from three specimens which I beat from Juniper, July 22,
on Chadburn’s Ranch, in the foothills of the Pine Valley Mountains, at an

168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

altitude of about 4.500 feet. This locality is in Southern Utah, about
twenty-two miles from St. George, on. the road between that place and
Modena. The species is abundantly different from G. odditeratus by its
smaller size, different colour and sculpture, shape of the head and struc-
ture of the antenne. From G. A/anicosta it differs not only by the above
characters, but also in lacking raised elytral coste. G.. cuneatus 1s
described as being larger (.75 inch. =18 mm.), of different colour and
with truncate epistoma. The food habit of this species is noteworthy, G.
obliteratus being found on several species of desert shrubs, while G.
planicosta frequents especially the bushes of Larrea Mexicana. Although
G. obliteratus was rather abundant at St. George throughout July, I did
not see it in the neighbourhood of the ranch at all. ‘

Hypnocera, Newman.

H. Knausii, v. sp.—Form moderately elongate, not notably convex.
Testaceous; legs and antenne yellowish, eyes, metasternum (excepting
the side pieces), abdomen, scutellum, and elytral bands black, the tibize
near the base and the middle of the hind femora more or less infuscate.
Surface with rather long, sparse, whitish pubescence. Head (with the
prominent eyes) about one-fourth wider than the prothorax, front intri-
cately rugose, antenne shorter than the head, first and second joints large
and stout, third a little longer than the fourth, club regularly ellipsoidal
pointed at the tip. Prothorax rugose, about one-fourth broader than long,
widest in front of the middle, where the sides are gibbous, thence nearly
parallel to the base, which is strongly beaded. Elytra about one-fourth
wider than the prothorax and nearly twice as long as broad, subparallel,
slightly ‘narrower and dehiscent behind, humeri prominent, surface
alutaceous, coarsely, closely and deeply but regularly punctured, the
punctures becoming so large near the apex as to give rise to a reticulate
appearance. In colour they are reddish, each with the posterior two-fifths
and a submedian band black, the interspace bearing a transverse patch of
more conspicuous silvery hairs. Margins coarsely serrate posteriorly.
Beneath, the thoracic sidepieces are rugose. Legs with long, sparse,
bristly hairs. Length, 3.25 mm., .13 inch.

The type was given me by Mr. Warren Knaus, who took it at Mc-
Pherson, Kansas, September 30. It is quite different from any of the
described North American species, and in view of the successful attention
bestowed on the fauna of Kansas by Mr. Knaus, 1 have dedicated this
pretty insect to him,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169

ApHopius, Illiger.

A. Kansanus, n. sp.—Moderately robust, broader behind, convex.
Colour, pale yellowish testaceous, shining, head more reddish, prothorax
with irregular dark discal cloud, elytra maculate. Head without tubercles,
alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate, clypeus with broad, shallow
emargination, edge slightly reflexed, wichout denticles, angles rounded,
genz moderately prominent, and bearing a few long bristles. Antenne
pale yellow. Prothorax broad, widest in front of the middle, sides fimbri-
ate, arcuate, narrowing to the base, which is not regularly rounded, but
more produced at middle, marginal line distinct, rather deep in some of
the specimens ; disk convex, finely alutaceous, the punctures somewhat
larger than those of the head, sparsely placed, almost wanting near the
hind angles. Elytra at base about equal to the prothorax, broader pos-
teriorly, finely alutaceous, strize rather fine and shallow, impunctate, inter-
vals nearly flat, with a row of extremely fine serial punctures. Body
beneath; smooth and shining, a few setigerous punctures on the thoracic
segments and a row on the anterior edge of each segment of the abdomen,
the last ventral with scattered sete over the entire surface. Mesosternum
opaque, not carinate. Legs moderately slender, anterior tibiz smooth on
their outer faces, tridentate, apical tooth normal, long and pointed, the
second large, the upper one small, margin above this tooth not crenulate.
Hind femora with a few setigerous punctures, tibiz fimbriate at apex, with
rather large, unequal spinules, the transverse ridges practically obliterated,
first joint of hind tarsi a trifle shorter than the next three. Length, 3 mm.,
-£2 Inch.

This insect belongs to that group of Aphodius in which the scutellum
is short, and may be placed in Dr. Horn’s group Ic, where it will follow
A. l/arree, from which it differs in size, colour, the strong marginal line of
the prothorax, and presumably. in the secondary sexual characters which
are well marked in /arvree, though my series of several Kansanus show
no definable differences in those parts usually affected. The maculation
of the elytra in Kavsanus is of a simple type, consisting of an indefinite,
broken arcuate band composed of several detached longitudinal brownish
spots, reaching from humerus to humerus and crossing the suture in front
of the middle ; the suture and a small subapical spot also brownish.

For a good series of this interesting beetle, I am indebted to Mr.

Warren Knaus, who took it in some numbers at Englewood in south-
western Kansas,

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ELAPHIDION, Serv.

E. Fuchsti, n. sp.-—Rufo-castaneous, shining, clothed with rather long,
whitish, recumbent pubescence that does not conceal the surface. Form
moderately elongate. Head with rather deep, longitudinal frontal impres-
sion, front coarsely and moderately densely punctate, the punctures
becoming closely cribrate in the occipital region which, with the vertex,
is indistinctly carinate. Antennz (male) scarcely attaining the tip of the
elytra, pubescent and sparsely hairy, very feebly serrate, third joint with
a short internal spine which is less than one fifth the length of the fourth
joint, fourth and fifth joints still more feebly unispinose. The third and
fifth joints are about equal in length and are a trifle longer than the
fourth; the outer edges of the third and following are compressed and
rather sharp, eleventh constricted and suddenly smaller near the tip.
Prothorax ellipsoidal, convex both ways, sides regularly arcuate, base
broader than the apex, hind angles distinct ; disk coarsely and closely
punctate, a poorly defined median line, best marked just behind the
middle where it is smooth and elevated. On each side are two elevations
which correspond to the callosities usually found in this genus, but they
are not different in sculpture from the rest of the surface. Scutellum
rounded, finely emarginate behind and clothed with fine, dense whitish
pubescence. LElytra broadest across the humeri, humeral umbone limited
internally by a distinct impression ; sides slightly convergent towards the
tip, no well-defined costz, though faint traces may be seen. . Punctuation
deep, rather coarse, well-separated, much finer towards the tip ; apices not
quite regularly separately rounded, with a moderately long, sharp sutural
spine, outside of which is a short tooth. Body beneath finely scabro-
punctate, punctuation closer than above. Legs paler, tibie carinate,
thighs not toothed nor spined. Length, 21 mm., =.84 inch.

This is one of the forms connecting Z/aphidion with Aneflus, and I
quite agree with Major Casey that the latter genus is untenable under the
present definition. The type is a male from Independence, California,
where it was captured by myself, about the middle of July, by beating
desert shrubs. The female is slightly larger, less slender, the antenne
only about two-thirds the length of the body and the apex of the elytra is
scarcely spinose, the spines being much reduced.

The relationships of this species are sufficiently well indicated by the
characters given in description. It is evidently very distinct from all of
our other species in the combination of antennal and elytral characters,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Lik

Zonitis, Fabr.

Z. zonitoides, Duges.—At Alpine, Texas, I took a few specimens of
an insect which I refer to this species, ‘‘a widely distributed form in the
highlands of Mexico and Guatemala” (Champion, Biologia Centrali-
Americana). It resembles Z sfarsa, Lec., but is at once known by the
black head, shorter maxillary processes and more densely punctured elytra.
It belongs to the genus Vemognatha as defined by LeConte and Horn.
Major Casey has suppressed (Vemognatha (Illiger, 1807), I think properly
since the discovery of new Mexican forms has shown the invalidity of the
only character (the length of the maxillary processes) upon which it has
hitherto been separable from Zomitis. That author has also united
Gnathium with Zonitis, the slight thickening of the tips of the antenne
scarcely warranting the continuation of the former name as a generic term.
The course outlined above will, however, necessitate some changes in
specific nomenclature ; thus Z. zmmacudata, Say, becomes preoccupied by
Z. immaculata, Ill., and I propose to designate the former species by the
name Z. Sayz, in memory of its pioneer describer.

Z. Californica, n. sp.—Elongate, convex, shining, with sparse, bristly
pubescence. Brownish, head piceous, elytra obscure, brownish yellow.
Head with coarse, deep punctures, covering the entire surface, except a
small callus between the eyes, more crowded and confluent just above the
antennal insertions, antennz thickened externally, third joint not quite
twice the length of the second, evidently longer than the fourth, maxillary
processes about half as long as the body. Prothorax broader than long,
wider in front of the middle, sides narrowing slightly to the base and more
rapidly and arcuately to the apex, basal margin nearly straight, the bead
high and well marked ; disk uneven, with coarse, deep, scattered punctures,
irregularly disposed. Elytra at base much wider than the prothorax, finely
rugulose but shining, punctures of moderate size, confused at base, but
sparser, and forming rather regular rows on the disk. Body beneath
shining, legs punctured, spurs of the hind tibize unequal, tapering to tip,
the inner one much more slender. Length, about 5 mm., .20 inch.

I collected this species in great numbers in the mountains near
Tehachapi, California, several years ago, and have distributed it as new to
many museums. It is not closely allied to any of our native species of
Gnathium (to which division it belongs by the antennal structure), the
coarsely and closely punctured head serving by itself as a good differential
character,

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

IULUS IMPRESSUS (?) IN THE CORN-FIELD.

Iulide are not insects, and my only hope of getting this note on
record is in that their work in the corn-fields of the Middle West may be
easily confused with that of several very different species of insects.

In the autumn of 1882, when the larve of Heliothis armiger were
very abundant in the corn-fields of Northern Illinois, I noticed that some
ears, instead of having been attacked at the tip, had been entered from
without indiscriminately along the length of the ear and directly through ©
the husks. In such cases the depredator had penetrated the husks,
leaving a neat circular hole about the size of a No. 4 shot. After reaching
the ear it continued to work inward, penetrating a kernel, and on reaching
the germ changed its course and tunnelled parallel with the cob, eating
out the germs of kernel after kernel in the row, or sometimes changing
over to an adjoining row of kernels. I soon found that depredations of

this sort were not due to Heliothis, but to a Myriopod thought to belong
to this species. Here, except to the most careful observer, was an injury
caused by a single organism, whereas, in truth, there were two depredators,
and but one of them an insect at all.

In early September, 1904, in a field of corn near Rochester,
Minnesota, I was one morning astonished to find what seemed to be the
same species of Iulus, infesting the ears of unripe corn in a different
manner ; in this case feeding on the green silk and leaving the ears with
much the appearance of having been ravaged by beetles of the genus
Epicauta, or Diabrotica perhaps, or even grasshoppers. There was
hardly a hill of corn to be found that did not show evidences of having
been ravaged, in many cases the ears being entirely denuded of silk. At
this time, about 9 a.m., as many as four of the Iulus were to be found in
the silk of belated ears, sometimes eating off the silk to the kernels, but in
no case were they observed to attack the latter. From the fact that many
of the creatures had seemingly finished their breakfast, and were to be
found on the leaves or among the husks, and, later in the day, none were
to be found feeding, it is possible that they depredate only in the cool of
the day. Mr. Chas. N. Ainslie, of Rochester, who was with me at the
time, made some later observations for me, and wrote me afterwards that
they were even more plentiful than when I was there, he having found as
many as ten individuals within a radius of fifteen inches about one hill of
corn, their numbers being greatest near the margin of the field. In the
case of Mr. Ainslie, the observations were made toward evening, thus
indicating crepuscular habits.

It is quite possible this may prove to be some other species than
Iulus impressus, but it is the very common species of the Middle West,
and its work may be easily mistaken for that of insects.

F. M. Wester, Urbana, IIl,

9

THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 173

PRELIMINARY LIsT’ OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA., N.-W. T.
(Continued from page 156.)

309. A. Dodii, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXVI., 152, June, 1904)
Described from Calgary and from Bullion Park, Colo. The type is a
Calgary specimen at Rutger’s College, and I have two f co-types. The
description says: ‘‘ Resembling Zacoma and rugosa...........Rugosa
is a smaller, less irrorate, more sharply defined species, with ordinary
spots of different form, s. t. line hardly indented, costal region gray, and
colour of secondaries more decidedly yellow.” A year’s endeavour to
procure rugosa for comparison has elicited a single ¢, in perfect condi-
tion, through the kindness of Dr. Fletcher. Tne specimen comes from
Mr. C. H. Young, of Hurdman’s Bridge, which I believe is within about
12 miles of Ottawa. It is hardly below the average size ‘of Dodiz, but
almost entirely Jacks the rusty red-brown suffusion so characteristic in
that species, As it is reasonable to suspect similar variation in discoidal
spots to Dodii, I will not compare them. There is practically no trace of
the W in. s. t. line, rather promsifent and constant in Dodi, and unlike
that species, this line is preceded by black dentate points. The basal
half of costal region is gray, which is never the case in Dodi, and there is
a distinct black basal streak reaching to t. a. line, of which the new species
never shows any trace whatever. The secondaries in Dodi vary much in
shade, but most of them are quite as yellowish as in my rugosa. Pre-
suming that this Ottawa specimen is not altogether off type, I feel pretty
safe in saying what I have long suspected, viz.: that Dr. Holland’s figure
of rugosa is Dodit, which, on the whole, seems more likely to be confused
with Zacoma. Fairly common at light and treacle. June and July.

310. Mf. Lilacina, Herv.—Common. July to middle August. A
widely variable species, which I have for years been trying to separate
into two. My series at present consists of 72 specimens, about one-
third 2 9, and there seems after all to be every intergrade betveen the
two extreme forms. One form is of a dirty, bluish-gray, with rusty shad-
ings above the median vein. The maculation is very indistinct, and there
are no contrasts, even fresh specimens often having a very sordid appear-
ance. The other extreme form has marked contrasts between the light
and dark shades. Such specimens sometimes have the orbicular and
median and sub-median veins centrally, very conspicuously whitish, the

May, 1905,

174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

claviform thickly outlined with black, and hind margin and s. t. space
rather contrastingly pale compared with the rest of the wing. Judging
from a recent letter to me, Sir George Hampson seems to have confused
some specimens of this form which I sent him with Dodi, which has
something of the same range of variation, some specimens showing very
much the same contrasts, but always much redder. I am not always
sure of unset specimens, but no forms of /:/acina and Dodii which I have
seen are really alike. In fact, /i/acina, in having less of the rusty-red, a
more direct s. t. line, and an occasional tendency to develop a basal
streak, is really a good deal more like rugosa. Prof. Smith has repeatedly
seen both forms of my //acina, and I have specimens of each bearing his
own label. The specimen figured in Dr. Holland’s book is about inter-
mediate between the two extremes.

311. M. acutermina, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXVL., 153, June, 1904).
Described from 5 ¢ ¢ and 2 ¢ ¢, partly Calgary material; the rest
from Cartwright, Man.; B. C., and S. Dak. A ¢ co-type and five other
Specimens are in my collection. Very rare, and only taken during 1893
and 1899. End June to middle July. Its author states: ‘“ Related to
Goodellit in general character; but is smaller, darker, the maculation
barely traceable, and the apex of the primaries distinctly better marked.”
Until recently I had this species standing as Goode//ii. The type is a
Calgary specimen and is at Rutger’s College.

312. AL. obscura, Smith.—Sometimes very common at treacle in June.
This species was formerly sent out by me in considerable numbers as
ffillia crasis, under which name Prof. Smith had placed the form in his
own collection. The species varies from a dark, reddish-brown to almost
black, but always with a reddish tinge. The vigé/ans form of crasis is
somewhat of the same colour, but though there is a similarity in general
type of maculation between the two species, they are not really alike. I
obtained ova of obscura in 1894. The larve hatched on June 3oth, and
fed on Anemone patens. They had all pupated but two on Sept. 3rd._— I
have no further notes.

313. MW. ectrapela, Smith.—Described from a ¢ taken by Mr. T. E.
Bean at Agnes Lake, near Laggan, Alta. (B. C. in error), 6,800 feet, on
Aug. 21st, and froma @ taken at 6,000 feet in Garfield Co., Colorado, by
Mr. Bruce. The description tells us: ‘‘ The species has the wing form of
ectypa, and the same general type of maculation, but is of a somewhat
sordid dull brown,” The type is at Washington,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175

314. MW. renigera, Steph.—Common July to middle Aug.

315. WZ. lucina, Smith.—Fairly common. July and Aug. For
discussions on the synonomy of the o//vacea and comis group, vide Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., XXVII., 230, et seq., June, rgo1; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
XI., 1903, p. 14; and Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVII., p. 853, 1904, the
latter being Dr, Dyar’s ‘‘ Kootenai list,” previously referred to. I
submitted a good series of Calgary specimens to Prof. Smith two or three
years ago, and he referred them to Zucima, remarking that they seemed “‘to
emphasize the difference from o/ivacea and the close relationship to
altua ........-I think you prove fairly well that we have races only.
But a/tua and /ucina, though closer than I originally supposed, are not
thereby brought nearer to olivacea.” Unless he has changed his opinion,
his listing them as all distinct is perhaps a trifle misleading. . Zucina was

described from Manitoba and Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and I havea ¢
co-type and two other ¢ ¢, much alike, from Winnipeg. A/tua ‘was
described from Glenwood Spgs., Colo.; South Dakota ; and Hot Springs,
New Mexico (one 9, elevation 7,000 feet), The latter specimen Prof.
Smith has kindly sent me as a co-type, together with two Glenwood Spgs.
9 2. I can match the a/tua 2? 9 much more nearly in my Calgary
series than I can my Winnipeg /ucina $ $. The latter to my eye have
more of a tendency to an olivaceous shading than is visible anywhere in
the local series. Beyond this I have had no opportunity for comparison
with other material. Viewed by itself, my series varies from untinted
shades of light and dark gray in the ¢ g, to dark 2 2 without contrasts.
The majority of the specimens are, however, tinted, especially in basal
and s. t. spaces, the tints ranging from yellowish green, through sienna
brown, to an almost rosy red. This often is faintly diffused throughout
the specimen. As Dr. Dyar seems to have studied an enormous amount
of material, a copy of his latest reference of the names as given in the
Kootenai list may not be out of place.

OxivaceA, Morr. Atlantic region.
obscurtor, Smith.
race lucina, Smith. Western prairies.
race altua, Smith (= ? vau-media, Sm.). Rocky Mountains.
megarena, Smith.
race petita, Smith. Pacific coast and mountains.

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Comis, Grote: Pacific coast and mountains adjoining.
obnigra, Smith.
rectilinea, Smith.
male petzta, Smith.
davena, Smith.

316. MW. sutrina, Grt.—Very rare. End May and June. One of
my specimens has been compared with the types by Sir George Hampson.
Prof. Smith says in his Catalogue: “It resembles /vs¢ra/is more than it
does cuneata, but the male antenne are simple. In its position next to
cuneata, its resemblance te Zustralis will serve to distinguish it.” Since
that was written, a closer acquaintance with the species has caused him to
change his opinion, for in his ‘‘ Notes on Mamestra,” in Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc., XI., No. 1, p. 16 (March, 1903), he says: “ Su¢rina, which is so
nearly like cumeata that it might be readily confused with it, has the male
characters entirely different.”’ I have only had opportunity of comparing
it with one specimen of each ; /ustradis sent me named by Dr. Barnes,
and cuneata from Victoria, B. C. I should certainly never have remarked
upon any resemblance to /ustra/is, whilst its likeness to cumeata is very
decided. That specimen differs from it, however, chiefly in having the
s. t. line obsolete, the orbicular oblong, oblique. instead of rounded, anda
small golden-yellow speck in s. t. space near analangle. All my sutrina,
too, have a gray patch in median area between claviform and reniform.
My specimen of cuneata shows no trace of this whatever. A further note -
on sutrina and its genitalia will be found in Ent. News for December,
1898. It has also been taken in Yellowstone Park, Wyo. The type is
from Colorado.

317. M. lorea, Grt.—Fairly common. End June and July.

318. M. larissa, Smith.—Described from here, and figured with the
description. Not common. June and early July. Its author says:
“The ¢ is a bright specimen and reminds me at first sight of Zitholomia
napea. ‘The species belongs in-the series with vicina, but differs from all
the forms of that species represented in my collection by the absence of a
black basal streak.” The suggestion of xapea at first sight is undeniable,
though, when closely examined, the two are so unlike that comparison here
would be odious. Most of my specimens have a fine, black basal streak.
They differ from the species I hold as vzcina amongst other respects in hav-
ing the claviform ovate rather than sharply dentate. The name has been
by some collectors looked upon as a synonym of anguina, Grote, but on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177

my referring the matter to Prof. Smith, he says: ‘I doubt their identity.
I have been inclined to believe, as you suggest, that the two are identical,
but have recently procured a couple of specimens of the Eastern form,
which make me believe that /arissa can be held as sufficiently distinct.
The trouble is that azguina is so very rare in collections that I have not
been able to get together a sufficient amount of material to give me its
range of variation.” I sent the species to Sir George Hampson, who
reported: ‘‘=anguina, Grote; like type.” Azguina is recorded from
Colorado and Nebraska, as well as from some of the Eastern States. Dr.
Holland’s figure of it is not clear enough to enable me to judge from.
The type of /arissa is at Washington,

319. M. pensilis, Grt.—Not common. Middle June to middle July.
I had the species standing as Hadena characta until quite recently, when
Sir George Hampson corrected the error, pointing out the hairy eyes.
He added: “They are not much like each other.” In‘that case Dr.
Holland’s figure of 4. characta is really MW. pensilis*, as it is exactly like
the present species. If such is the case, it is probable that with this, as
also with Dodii, | am partly responsible for the error myself, having sup-
plied the specimens for many of Dr. Holland’s figures under erroneous
names, by which I then knew them. From Dr. Dyar’s remarks under this
species in his Kootenai list, there seems toe be confusion of it with vz¢ina.
Taking Holland’s characta ¢ as pensilis g, his figure of zicina, 2,
which is like the species I hold as such named by Dr. Fletcher, gives
rather an exaggerated idea of the ordinary differences, the sexual
dimorphism being at least as strong as the true specific differences. A
pair sent me for naming by Mr. T. N. Willing, from Regina, seemed to
me a dark, even-coloured variety of the Calgary species I have as fensi/is,
and I named it so with some doubt. Mr. Willing subsequently showed
measimilar 2 from the same locality named vicina by Dr. Fletcher, and
after comparing Dr. Holland’s figure, I let the name stand. I can match
Mr. Willing’s ¢ by.one kindly lent me for comparison by Mr. Criddle,
of Aweme, Man. My fensi/is is clearer gray, the maculation plainer, and
s. t. space slightly contrasting with central shade. In vicina this space is
scarcely paler. Of the two it is what I refer to as vicina which most
nearly resembles /arissa.
320. NMeuronia Americana, Smith.—Very rare, as a rule, but was
rather common at light in 1894. I believe none of the genus are treacle-

*Dr. Dyar tells me that this is the case.

178 THE CANADIAN ENTOM ‘L’ GIST.

goers. Middle Aug. to middle Sept. A figure of the type is given with
the description, and seems to indicate a much darker specimen than any
I have seen. The figures in Ent. News for December, 1895, and in Dr.
Holland’s book are both good ones. The description was made from
‘“‘male and female in the collection of Mr. A. Schoenborn at Washington,
received from Mr. Titus Ulke.” They were taken at Boulder, Mont. I
cannot say where the specimens are now.

321. Dargida procinctus, Grt.—Apparently a migrant, and, as a rule,
comparatively common. Have taken it at treacle from June to early
October. Fresh specimens in Aug. and Sept.

322. Scotogramma luteola, Smith.—Described from Laggan (B, C.
in error), 6,700 ft, July and Aug, (Bean.) I took it in fine condition
on Slate Mt., Laggan, and Saddle Back. near Lake Louise, at and above
the timber line (about 7,099, feet), and. at about the same elevation on
Sulphur Mt., Banff. It appeared to be common. It would sometimes
take wing readily, and at others would sit exposed to the sun on stones,
which it exactly assimilated in colour, and drop off, feigning death, when
an attempt was made to pill-box it. This was on Aug. 8th to roth, and
many specimens were perfectly fresh. I have seen a specimen taken on
Mt. Rundle, Banff, labelled June 27th. The maculation is not often as
clear as indicated in the figure accompanying the description. The type
is in the U.S. National collection. I took a few specimens, some of
them a bit worn, near Agnes Lake, Laggan, on July zoth, rgo4.

323. S. uniformis, Smith.—Described from a ¢ taken by Mr. Bean -
at Laggan, on July 31st, 1891, far above timber (7,000 ft.). Other speci-
mens were taken, A figure accompanies the description. The type is in
the National collection at Washington. I have specimens fitting the
description in my series under Zuteo/a. I may be mixing the two, or
uniformis may possibly be an extreme form of that species.

324. S. phoca, Mceschl ?>—Very rare. July. I took two specimens
and saw several more flying in sunshine on Slate Mt., Laggan, at about
6,500 ft., on Aug. 8th, 1900. Three specimens in the foothills at Line-
ham’s lower log camp on Sheep Creek, July 12th, 1896. A few have
been taken here at head of Pine Creek, one of them at light, the rest at
flowers at dusk. A single ? at Laggan, on flowers, near the station, July

16th, tg04. It is probably not uncommon in the foothills. Prof. Smith
named it with a query.

325. S. inconcinna, Sm.—Three specimens in fine condition, from
“ Lineham’s log camp” locality (vide supra), one at light, the other two

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179

at flowers at dusk. Middle July. The species was described ‘rom
Colorado. I took a specimen at Laggan, on flowers, in sunshine, near
the station, on July 16th, 1904.

326. Anarta cordigera, Thunb.—I have seena @ taken by Mr. N.
B. Sanson on Mt. Rundle, Banff, on June 27th, rg00, which I believe to
be this species.

327. A. melanopa, Thunb.—Three ¢ g, one in fine condition, the
other two worn, on “ Saddle Back,” near Lake Louise, Laggan, at timber
line (about 7,000 feet), Aug. roth, tgoo.

328. A. guadrilunata, Grt.?—One ¢, Slate Mt., Laggan, above
timber, between 7,000 and 7,800 feet, Aug. 8th, tg00. Prof. Smith says
he has a @ from the same locality, and adds: “They differ from Colorado
examples in larger size and obsolete maculation of primaries. A different
species is not excluded.”

329. A. dapponica, Thunb.?-—A single 9, taken by Mrs. Nicholl near
the summit of Mt. St. Piran, Laggan, at about 8,500 feet, on July 2oth,
1904, is in my collection, and has been referred doubtfully to this species
by Prof. Smith.

330. A. sp.P—A few years ago Prof. Smith referred this species
doubtfully as a var, of Zefterstedtii, Staud., from which it differs, he said,
in having a white disk on secondaries. Recently he advised me to leave
it unnamed until I could discover Sir George Hampson’s opinion about
this and other species in the genus. It is acommon species at and above
timber line (about 7,000 feet) at Laggan. End of July and early August.

331. Wephelodes pectinatus, Smith? —Not rare at light some seasons,
entirely absent in others. End of August. I have only six specimens,
all ¢ 6, which show a considerable range of variation, froma very pale
yellowish Juteous to a handsome dark olive brown, or rosaceous mixed
with olive. A specimen of the last mentioned form was named fectinatus
by Prof. Smith a few years ago. Quite recently I sent him one of the
olive-brown forms, together with a specimen from Victoria, B. C. He
commented : ‘‘ Pectinatus I believe, but very unlike the only example in
my collection, which comes from Oregon. In your specimens the bristle
is distinctly more obvious than in mine, where it is scarcely to be dignified
by that name in pyoportion to the long point. On the other hand, in my
local specimens the bristle is as long as the branch. There may be more
Variation in the antennz than I have supposed, and this may be to some
extent geographical.” The species was described from two ¢g ¢ from

180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Corfield, Vancouver Island, and vaguely “ British Columbia.” It is said
to resemble minians, but has a difference in the male antenne. “ In
minians the pectinations are rather short, and lengthened by a curved
bristle at the tip. In fectinatus this bristle is absent, but the branches
themselves are longer, and a little enlarged. towards the tip. The differ-
ences are thus obvious, and emphasize the rather scant superficial charac-
ter. The specimen from B. C. has a peculiar greenish tinge to the ground
colour which I have not seen in the eastern species.” I rather suspect
that this is the form I have above referred to as olive brown. The
antennal differences are not obvious to the naked eye. A figure of the
species accompanies the description. I have compared my Calgary series
with specimens from Aweme, Man.; Regina, Assa.; Victoria, B. C.; and
with sznzans from New Brighton, Pa., and from Chicago. Some of the
specimens from the last locality were sent me as var. vio/ans, and differ
from what seem to be typical mznéans in being paler and having less of the
bronze, olive or violaceous tints. All the western specimens differ from
the eastern in the form of f antenne above referred to, except that in none
of my specimens is the bristle entirely lacking. Otherwise the differences
appear to be merely of colour and shade, and are not easy to define.
Some of the eastern specimens are very large, but they show a consider-
able variation in size, and the smallest are smaller than the average of the
western series. As a whole mznians is more richly coloured and possesses
more lustre, though occasional specimens are scarcely separable except by ©
the ¢ antennz. ‘Theseries of nine specimens from Calgary, Regina and
Aweme, are obviously all one species, those from the latter place coming
nearest to méinians in colour of primaries. The secondaries of these nine
are, however, very much paler than in the majority of my minzans. The
Victoria specimens, on the other hand, have much more even, duller
smoky secondaries than minzans, and are throughout rather more sordid
in appearance than anything that I have from east of the Rockies. From
the locality, I presume them to be typical, so that the prairie form is
probably at least a fairly well marked local race. The type of pectinatus
is at Washington.

Incidentally, Prof. Smith has very kindly spared me one of his
Winnipeg specimens of ¢ertia/is g. This he described from that place in

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI., p. 19 (March, 1903), and sayse “The species
resembles the eastern form in general appearance and type of maculation,
but is decidedly smaller throughout. The fringes are more even, with
hardly a trace of scalloping, and there is no obvious median shade on the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181

primaries. Add to this a distinct difference in the genitalia of the male,
and the specific separation proves inevitable.” If the specimen was
placed with the Chicago and east coast series, and all labels removed, I
defy any man to pick it out, without recourse to the genitalia, by any one
of the characters mentioned. The type of fertia/is is in Prof. Smith’s
collection at Rutger’s College.

332. Leucania unipuncta, Haw.—Rare onthe whole. Apparently a
migrant. Worn specimens end of June and July, fresh specimens in
October. Treacle.

333. L. minorata, Smith.—Not rare. July to middle Aug. The
name is the one given me to the species by Prof. Smith. The species was
described from three ¢ ¢ from California and Oregon, which were said to
resemble oxyga/e, Grt. ‘“ But are smaller throughout, the ground colour
reddish, the secondaries darker.” The only locality given for oxyga/e in
either Dr. Dyar’s List or Prof. Smith’s Catalogue is Colorado, so I presume
it was described from there. In the Revision of the genus, however
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXV., pages 159-209, 1902), both in the
table on page 164 and under the descriptions, Prof. Smith distinctly treats
of exygale as having the darker secondaries of the two. He there
describes /uteopadlens from Canada and the eastern States as distinct from
both in being paler throughout, and claims that all three are separable
from European pad/ens, citing minorata as its American representative.
Dr. Dyar in his Kootenai List records oxyga/e as common at Kaslo, and
refers all four names to one species, treating oxygale and /uteopallens as
geographical races of pad/ens, and minorata asa varietal and not racial
form of oxygale. I have a good series of /uteopad/ens from several places
in the east, and specimens exactly like the Calgary form from Victoria, B.
C., and Manitoba, anda Kaslo series from Dr. Dyar also inseparable from
it. Asa whole my eastern specimens are certainly paler and less streaky
throughout, and have less black on secondaries than the western speci-
mens, but the extremes overlap. The type of mznorata is at Washington,
and is figured with the description.

334. L. albilinea, Hubn.—Four ¢ ¢ only, June zoth to July 2rst,
in three different years. They have the secondaries dark smoky through-
out, scarcely or not at all paler at the base. At light.

335. L. diffusa, Walk.—Very rare. I have seven ¢ ¢ only, May
2oth to July 22nd. Light. ‘The primaries are paler in colour than the
preceding, and secondaries smoky in outer half only. I had the two
mixed until about a year ago, but a close examination brought me to

May, 1995.

182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

believe I had two species, and a specimen of each has now been named as
above by Prof. Smith. I have examined over seventy specimens from
eastern Canada andthe States, and find the majority of them like my
Calgary diffusa series. I have so far only seen one f (from Sherborn,
Mass.), with secondaries practically as dark as my palest Calgary a/bi/inea,
but this, in common with the majority of them, has slightly paler
primaries. It is from Sherborn, Mass., that I have received the darkest
eastern * 4. But two or three ? ¢ from New Brighton, Pa., and one
from Ottawa, are exact mates for the four Calgary a/bidinea. The range
of variation in the eastern specimens is considerable, but I have entirely
failed in all attempts to separate them into two species, as they seem to
grade right through. The smallest specimens seem as a rule to be the
palest, but in the “Revision” diffusa is stated to be larger as well as paler
than adbilinea. Were it not that my two short Calgary series are so
sharply contrasting, I should not try to keep the names separate. What Dr.
Holland figures as a/b:/inea is exactly like what I hold as Calgary diffusa,

336. L. heterodoxa, Smith. — Described partly from Laggan
material (B. C. in error), 5,000 feet, July 2nd, T. E. Bean. The type is
from California, and is at Washington.

336a. LZ. megadia, Smith.—Described partly from Calgary material.
The type is a Calgary specimen, and is at Rutger’s College.

The above two forms, which I agree with Dr, Dyar in treating as
one species, are generally common at Calgary. J/egadia has a black
basal streak which is lacking in heterodoxa. True heterodoxa is by far the
least common form, but every intergrade can be found. ‘This appears to
be the western representative of zzsueta, from which it differs mainly in
lacking a reddish tinge, though Prof. Smith in his ‘‘ Revision” mentions
a specimen as red as any imswefa he ever saw, None of my specimens
have any reddish tinge, but Mr. F. A. Merrick has kindly lent me a
Chicago specimen of ézsweta which lacks it, and in which the basal streak
is hardly traceable. Znsuefa seems to have somewhat paler secondaries.
The figure of /eferodoxa given with the description shows the basal
streak, and is therefore really a better representative of megadia. I sent
two of my ¢ ¢ to Sir George Hampson, who says they agree with the
type of dia, Grote. Dia was described from California. So also was
heterodoxa, in part, and megadia is stated to occur there.

337. L. multilinea, Walk.PA—Not rare. End July and early Aug.
Though I query the name, I feel fairly confident that it will ultimately

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183

prove to be the western form of that species, from which it differs in being
a little larger and having the secondaries not quite so clearly white, and
generally:slightly smoky outwardly. I have compared over a dozen speci-
mens from the eastern States, which, from the description given in the
* Revision,” and from Dr. Holland’s figure, I believed to be true mu/tilinea,
and an eastern specimen so named for me by Prof. Smith has confirmed
my belief. I received it from nearly every one of my correspondents,
who sent me phragmitidico/a mixed with that species, but had no difficulty
in picking it out, and from the very first associated it with the Calgary

form. My local series runs extremely near some dark streaky forms of
anteroclara, and though I have for years kept the two in different series,
it is only during the last few months that I have at last succeeded in
drawing a line between them. I have a pair of specimens marked
“ anteroclara, co-type,” by Prof. Smith. The @ is the ordinary form of
that series, and I am at present assuming that it is of the same species as
the actual types. The % is my No. 337, but rather a rubbed specimen.
Prof. Smith still confuses the two, but that is probably only because I have
not yet sent him a good series of this, which is far less common than
anteroclara. Reference to Dr. Holland’s figure of mu/ti/inea will show,
apart from the pale veins, three contrastingly pale streaks on the
primaries. The first runs from the base, below the subcostal vein, through
the cell, and thence obliquely to the apex. The second runs also from the
base to hind margin between median and submedian veins ; and the third
borders the inner margin, but does not run quite from the base. These
pale shades are a conspicuous feature in all my eastern mux/ti/inea and
my No. 337. Axteroclara as a rule is very much more unicolorous,
but in the most streaky specimens, though the dark intervening shades are
occasionally almost as conspicuous, the pale shades do not seem to contrast
in the same way. All my mu/ti/inea have a marginal row of minute black
specks on secondaries, usually most conspicuous beneath. These are
occasionally noticeable in anteroclara, but are not nearly so constant.
Another characteristic of mu/tilinea is the greater amount of smoky
shadings on primaries beneath. Comparing the two Calgary series alone,
besides the above-mentioned differences, anteroclara has rather darker
secondaries, but altogether the variation is such that single specimens
sometimes require very careful comparison to determine. Whilst the
sexes in my eastern mu/tilinea and Calgary anteroclara are about

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

equally divided, I am not aware that I have yet seen a Calgary 9 of
multilinea, But I have compared a ? from. Cartwright, Man., kindly
loaned me by Mr. F. A. Merrick, of New Brighton, Pa., who also sent
me a ¢ from the same locality. The two specimens are practically
alike, and resemble the Calgary form in every detail.

338. LZ. commoides, Gr.—Common. July and early Aug. Easily
separable from any of its ales known to me by the uniformly dark smoky
secondaries in both sexes. The darkest shadings on the primaries are
black, instead of brown as in mu/tilinea, but some specimens are very like

the Calgary forms of that species and of anteroclara when the wings are
closed. A distinctive feature not mentioned in the “ Revision,” but well
shown in Dr. Holland’s figure, is the narrow dark shading, sometimes
faint, but more usually rather prominent on upper margin of median vein.
Eastern specimens do not seem to differ.

339. L. anteroclara, Smith.—Described partly from Calgary material.
The types are from Calgary. The ¢ is at Washington, and the @ at
Rutger’s College. A pair marked ‘‘Co-type” are in my own collection,
but the ¢ I have above referred to mu/ti/inea. Always common, some-
times very abundant. End June to Aug. On one or two mornings
during 1902 1 saw moths emptied out of the Calgary arc light globes
literally in pints. Quite ninety per cent. of them were this species. It
seems to be a close ally of Ahragmitidicola,Guen. Under the description
Prof. Smith says: ‘“' Comparing two series, their distinctness is obvious ;
comparing selected individuals of each, the sexual characters might have to
be resorted to. It is suggestive of a local form that I have no phragmiti-
dicola from the range given for this species, nor any example of this species
within the range given for phragmitidicola.” Elsewhere he states:
** Anteroc/ara as a whole is a little larger, a little broader winged, with
somewhat less pointed primaries. It is more yellow in colour, less streaky
in appearance, the black dot at the end of the median vein often wanting,
never prominent, transverse posterior line reduced to two small inter-
spaceal dots, and the upper margin of the pale median line net in any
way relieved. The secondaries, especially in the 2, have a smoky
appearance, and altogether this seems a duller, more even species than its
ally.” ‘To the above I would add that the t. p. line is sometimes entirely
wanting.

(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF DELPHASTUS
PUSILLUS, LEC., WITH NOTES ON THE
HABITS OF THE SPECIES.

BY W. E. BRITTON, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

In collecting insects at Poquonock, Conn., July 18, 1904, my assis-
tant, Mr. B. H. Walden, found coccinellid larve feeding upon a species of
Aleyrodes which is probably undescribed, and fairly common there upon
the leaves of hazel, Corylus Americanus. These larve were brought to
the laboratory, and were fed upon A/eyrodes vaporuriorum, Westw.,
which they ate greedily. On July 23rd two had moulted ; on the 28th,
these had changed to pupa, and the third larva had begun to devour one
of the papze—his aleyrodid food supply having become exhausted.

From the uninjured pupa an adult emerged August 2nd, and the
remaining larva pupated August ist, the adult emerging August 8th. The
adult is a small black beetle, about 1.5 mm. in length. Specimens sent to
Washington were determined by Mr. E. A. Schwarz as De/phastus pusillus,
Lec. This species has been placed in the genera @nezs by LeConte, and
Cryptognatha, by Crotch and Horn, but Casey has erected the genus
Delphastus* on account of the difference in structure. De/phastus now
includes four American species.

In searching the more accessible literature of American entomology,
I fail to find any description of De/phastus pusil/us, or any reference to .
the feeding habits of the species, though the habits of most coccinellid
Jarve are known. I therefore give the following description and notes as
an addition to the knowledge of this species, though it is possible that a
description of this larva has been published, and that I have overlooked it.

When first taken, this larva was uniformly light gray or dirty white in
colour, with dark spots on the dorsum of the first thoracic segment. After
moulting, the general colour was much darker, and the following description
applies to the final stage of the larva before it changed to a pupa.

Larva: Length, about 4 mm.; greatest width,about 2 mm. Ground
colour gray or dirty white, with a white median line extending the entire
length of thorax and abdomen. There are two pear-shaped black spots
on the front of the dorsum of the first thoracic segment, one on each side of
the median line. Just back of these spots are a pair of larger dark gray
or lead-coloured spots, one on each side of and close to the median line.
A lead-coloured area appears on the lateral margins of the segment.

*T. L. Casey, Journal New York Entomological Society, Vol. VII., p. 111.
May, 1905.

186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The second and third thoracic segments are similarly marked, but the
spots are more elongated transversely, and all are gray or lead-coloured.
The abdominal segments have one transverse spot or band each side of

the median line instead of two as on the thorax. These spots and the
marginal markings are of the same colour as those on the second and
third thoracic segments. The markings are such as to.give the appearance
of a narrow median white line, with slightly broader, submarginal whitish
lines, with margins and cross-bands of gray or lead-colour. Each segment
of the body bears a number of short hairs. The legs are gray, tipped
with white.

The head is gray and narrow, and can scarcely be seen from above
when the larva is feeding. It attacks an aleyrodid, eating a circular hole
in the dorsum usually of ‘the thoracic region, and
devours the inner portion, leaving the shell or
skin. Many punctured empty skins were found
on the leaves. The accompanying illustration is
from a camera lucida sketch, and shows the
appearance of the larva while feeding upon a
specimen of A/eyrodes. (Fig. 12).

Pupa: Length, 2.5 mm., including the cast
skin; width, 1.5 mm. Colour creamy white, cast
skin gray, and covering about one-third of the
caudal extremity. The pupa is fastened to the leaf
after the manner of the Coccine/lide.

The writer visited Poquonock September
12th, and tried to find more of these larve, but
they had all transformed. A number of small
black beetles were found on the hazel leaves, and,
as was expected, proved to be specifically identical
with the reared specimens. These were not seen Fig ae
feeding upon the A/eyrodes, which were very
abundant at this time on the leaves ; but the beetles were hurrying about
over the leaves, as if hunting for something, perhaps food, possibly a
place to oviposit, but more likely a sheltered place in which to pass the
winter. These brief notes give no idea of the number of broods of
Delphastus, but possibly the coming season may present an opportunity
to continue the observations. From our knowledge of other Coccine//ide,
it may be assumed that there are at least two broods each season,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187

THE THREE RANATRAS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN
UNITED STATES.

BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

Several entomologists have discussed with me the question of the
distinguishing characters of Ranatra guadridentata, Stal, and Ranatra
Jusca, Pal. Beauv., and in consequence I venture to set forth here briefly
and plainly the differences between these two and Ranatra Kirkaldyi, n.
sp , which I took for the first time in New York State.

A few preliminary remarks on this genus may perhaps be found

interesting. The genus Ranatra was established in 1790 (sec. Kirkaldy)
by Fabricius without a type being fixed, and under it he described 2.
filiformis and R. elongata, both from Tranquebar. In it naturally fell
Linné’s Wepa linearis, which Latreille in 1802 made the type of the
genus. The described American species, exclusive of synonyms, are the
following :

Ranatra Fabricii, Guérin, from Cuba.

Ranatra rabida, F. B. White, from Brazil.

Ranatra unidentata, Stal, from Rio Janeiro.

Ranatra guadridentata Stal, from Mexico.

Ranatra fusca, Pal. Beauv., from the United States.

Ranatra annulipes, Stal, from Brazil.

To these six it is my privilege to add a seventh:

Ranatra Kirkaldy, n. sp., from the type localities, Putnam Co., N.
Y., and Chicago, Ills.

Ranatra fusca, Pal. Beauv., and &. guadridentata, Stal, appear to
have been much confused with each other, due to the very brief descrip-
tion of the former given by its author, and perhaps also to the fact that
small specimens of the latter are hardly distinguishable from the former
on a superficial examination. Palisot de Beauvois, after his extremely
brief Latin description, makes a comparison between &. fusca and the
European &. /inearis, and, of course, in the absence of the latter for com-
parison, it is hardly possible to fix on the former with any degree of
certainty. His description simply reads: ‘‘Greenish-fuscous, sete shorter
than the body, wings reddish-fuscous.” The last is quite a noticeable
character of the insect. There are to be found more than a few R&.
qguadridentata in which the air-tubes are noticeably shorter than the body,
but the wings in this species are hyaline, ‘‘ very slightly infuscated,” as

May, 1905.

188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Stal puts it. On superficial characters for easy identification, they may be
separated as follows :
With broad anterior femora.

With a blunt tooth near the tibial joint......... guadridentata, Stal.
Without a blunt tooth near the tibial joint........ R. Kirkaldyi, n. sp.

With narrow anterior femora, smooth, save for the middle
BOGE eae, ec Bel eas Seek oe 56s. chan R. fusca, Pal. Beauv.

R. Kirkaldyi can at once be distinguished from both fusca and
guadridentata by its smaller size, being little over two-thirds the length of
either of them; short and much constricted prothorax, and very short
air-tubes. 2. fusca can be further differentiated from guadridentata by
the much longer legs, the tarsal claws reaching nearly to the extremity of
the air-tube, and the extremities of the femora of the third pair of legs
attaining to the end of the penultimate abdominal segment; by the
prominent eyes ; and by the prothorax being slimmer and longer and
unisulcate beneath ; while in &. guadridentata the legs are not unduly
long, the tarsal claws of the third pair barely going beyond the middle of
the air-tube, and the extremity of the femora going but little beyond the
anterior margin of the penultimate abdominal segment ; the eyes moder-
ately large ; and the prothorax more stoutly built and bisulcate beneath.

As &. Kirkaldyi is still undescribed, I briefly give its salient
characters, prior to a full description to be published later.

Ranatra Kirkaldyi, n. sp.—Abdominis dorsum orange brown ; eyes
small, not very prominent; prothorax much constricted at the middle,
bisulcate beneath; wings smoky; anterior femora broad, with a prominent
tooth near the middle, otherwise smooth; posterior tarsi extending beyond
the middle of the air-tube; air-tube shorter than the length of the abdomen;
legs banded.

Length from end of abdomen to tip of rostrum: Males 23 mm. to
26.4 mm., females 27 to 31 mm.

HEMEROPHILA KINCAIDIELLA, Buscx.—A Correction.—
This species, described by Mr. A. Busck, in the Proceedings of the United
States National Museum, XXVII., p. 746, 1904, paper No. 1375, is
Sciaphila trigonana, Walsingham. [Lepidoptera-Heterocera British
Museum, Part IV., p. 22, 1879; Dyar’s Catalogue, No. 5413 ; Smith’s
List, 1903, 5831.| The species is well figured by Walsingham, Plate
LXV., fig. 7.—W. D. Kearrotr, Montclair, N. J.

a a ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189

SOME BEES OF THE GENUS NOMADA FROM WISCONSIN.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.

Nomada Graenicheri, n. sp.— PQ. I.ength, about 1044 mm.; black,
with bright lemon-yellow markings, the only red is on base of antenne,
legs, and a little on mandibles ; mandibles simple ; anterior coxe without
spines ; basal nervure meeting transverso-medial ; third antennal joint
slightly longer than fourth. This is a Xanthidium with the face black in
the middle and with yellow lateral marks, like the European WV. succincta.
It has the strongest possible superficial resemblance to V. modesta, but in
addition to the absence of spines on the coxe, it differs thus: labrum
dark, with a transverse yellow spot anteriorly ; clypeus with a yellow mark
on each side, pointed mesad ; supraclypeal area with two minute yellow
spots ; lateral face-marks extending nearly to summits of eyes, obliquely
truncate at end, and concave opposite the antenne; mesothorax
dull, coarsely but extremely closely punctured; metathorax wholly
black ; legs with a good deal of yellew, anterior and hind coxe marked
with yellow, the later copiously ; all the femora behind, and the anterior
and hind tibiz behind, strongly blackened ; all the tibiz with yellow, the
hind ones largely yellow, in front with a black spot, shading above into a
rufous cloud, on the apical half; basal joint of hind tarsi dark, practically
black cn outer side, with a short yellow stripe posteriorly ; abdomen
narrower, and not so shiny ; venter with broad yellow bands on the second
and third segments, and a good deal of yellow on the third. The first
three joints of the antennz are mainly red, the rest black ; posterior orbits
with a narrow yellow stripe; upper border of prothorax, tubercles, trans-
verse mark on pleura, two large spots on scutellum, and a stripe on post-
scutellum, as well as five continuous bands on abdomen, all yellow.
Tegulz largely yellow ; wings dusky, stigma dark ferruginous, nervures
fuscous. -

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Aug. 16, 1903. (Dr. S. Graenicher.)*

Nomada (Xanthidium) pseudops, n. sp.— 2. Length, about 9 mm.;
red, with black and yellow markings; basal nervure meeting transverso-
medial on the basal side ; third antennal joint conspicuously shorter than
fourth. Head broad, facial quadrangle about square, somewhat broad-
ened above ; labrum and under side of head with rather abundant white
hair, face with less; cheeks with the anterior half red and the posterior

*Dr, Graenicher writes that WM. Graenichert is probably parasitic on one of the
late summer species of Avdrena, as it occurs with them on Helzanthus spp.

May, 1995.

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

haif black, but no yellow ; interocellar region, and about base of antenne,
blackened ; labrum and lower corners of face yellow, the yellow extending
as a suffusion, with no defined margin, across the clypeus and half-way up
the sides of the face ; antenne entirely bright ferruginous, the flagellum
stout ; mesothorax coarsely roughened, red, with a median black stripe, but
no yellow ; prothorax black or almost, with its upper border and the
tubercles yellow ; pleura red, with a large triangular yellow patch in front ;
area between the wings and the hind legs black ; metathorax red, with four
yellow spots, the lower ones large, the upper round and placed on the sides
of the enclosure, looking like eyes, the whole combination resembling a
picture of a skull somewhat ; tegule red, shining but punctured ; wings
moderately dusky, the tips darker, stigma bright ferruginous, nervures
fuscous ; legs red, hind femora blackened behind, anterior and middle
femora with black behind at base ; abdomen minutely roughened, rather
shiny, red with broad yellow bands on segments 2 to 5, that on 5 inter-
rupted laterally ; first segment black basally, and with an obscure yellow
band, the middle third of which is wanting ; fifth segment fringed with
silver-white hair ; pygidial plate broad shovel-shaped ; venter red, with a
large transverse pyriform yellow mark on each side of segments 2 and 3,
and two crescent-shaped yellow marks on 5.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 8, 1903. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) Looks
much like JV. Coloradensis, Ckll., but smaller, and differing in many
details. :

Nomada sphaerogaster, Ckll., var. x .—@. Length, about 8 mm.;
black, with lemon-yellow markings, and some red, but none on thorax ;
mandibles and anterior coxe simple; basal nervure passing a short
distance basad of transverso-medial ; third antennal joint a little shorter
than fourth. Head and thorax coarsely roughened, and quite hairy, the
dorsal hair tinged with fuscous ; head broad, facial quadrangle much
broader than long ; no yellow about head, cheeks entirely black ; labrum,
mandibles, malar region, broad anterior margin of clypeus, and a minute
inconspicuous stripe on each side of face adjacent to eye and small spot
at summit of eye, all ferruginous ; antenne entirely ferruginous, suffused
with blackish above, except the third joint; upper border of prothorax,
most of tubercles, and two large confluent spots on scutellum, yellow ; the

rest of the thorax is black ; sides of metathoracic area with conspicuous
grooves ; legs black to about the middle of the femora (more behind), and
beyond that red, the middle and hind tibiee with a blackish streak behind,
the knees inclined to be yellowish, the hind tibize with a yellow stripe on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191

outer edge, and the middle tibi with faint indications of an apical yellow
spot ; abdomen very broad, black with yellow bands, that on first segment
broadly interrupted, on second to fourth broad at sides, and narrowed or
slightly interrupted in the middle, on fourth notched behind laterally ;
fifth segment yellow, with the base, and a round spot on each side, black ;
venter dark reddish, irregularly banded with lighter, and with a little
yellow.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 21, 1903. (Dr. S. Graenicher.) By
the posterior notching of the fourth abdominal band, it resembles . vicina,
which is otherwise different. It differs from typical JV. sphaerogaster
(Proc. Phila. Acad., 1903, p. 611) by its ferruginous tegule, and some
slight details of the markings, but I feel assured that it is conspecific. If
the difference should prove constant in a long series, it ought to have a
distinct name.

NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE YEAR rgog4.
BY E. FIRMSTONE HEATH, CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.

The spring here was an unusually cold and late one, and it was not
until April 17th that I saw a moth of any description, and that “ first
swallow ” was only a Depressaria Canadensis, Busck. I did not see a
single specimen of Leucobrephos Middendorfi, Men., though an April
seldom goes by without my doing so, and generally at some awkward
monient when no net is handy. Year before last I was repotting some
plants on the sunny side of my house, when a Leucobrephos flew against
me, dropped at my feet, and was off again before I could pot it.

It was not until April 28th that I noticed any Noctuids flying at
sunset, and that night, and during two or three subsequent ones, I took a
nice series of Teniocampas at my sugared trees, chiefly Z: a/ia, Guen.,
with a few subterminate, Smith, and one or two facifica, Harv. There
was also the usual sprinkling of hibernating species, among which the
most notable capture was a Scopelosoma devia, Grote.

The weather then became cold again, and it was not till quite the end
of May that moths were once more in evidence. Currant bloom—the
wild black and the garden varieties—usually very productive, this year
proved a blank. Throughout the summer all butterflies and moths were
far less numerous than usual, and yet I made a few notable captures of
species which I had not previously taken, or which are always rare. As
their names will appear in Dr. Fletcher’s “ Record,” I need not repeat
them here,

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘There was hardly one evening on which light proved attractive, con-
sequently I took very few Sphingide ; even Smerinthus geminatus, which
is often a perfect nuisance from its numbers, hardly appeared. Yet, if one
may judge from the number of Ampelophaga cherilus, Cram., that visited
my sugared trees, the other species occurring here should have been on
the wing in their usual numbers.

Later on, in June, the genus Acronycta came out rather strongly, and
gave me a few nice things. The most abundant species of the year at
sugar was WVoctua inopinatus, Smith, and with them were a few rather
larger and redder moths, which I conclude were Woctua harusfica, Grote.
The two moths are so similar that it is very difficult to separate any
number under their respective names. JV. inopinatus replaced Hadena
devastatrix, which, strange to say, was decidedly scarce.

I particularly noticed the absence of the genera Zeucania and Plusia
—by thé latter name I mean the genus as it formerly stood, before it was
split up into sundry subgenera. Even Leucania unipuncta, Haw., was a
rarity. All Arctians were also scarce. Cosmia paleacea, Esper., and
punctirena, Smith, came to sugar rather freely, and so did Xauthia flavago,
labr., much more so than in any previous year,

The autumnal genera Catocala, Xylina, etc., were not nearly so
abundantly represented as in the average of seasons, with the exc2ption
of C. briseis, Edw., of which I took a long series showing considerable
variation, one or two having large white blotches.on the primaries, which
I believe is very unusual.

Those species of Xylina which were most abundant during the previous
year were but poorly represented. I think on the whole that X. ¢epida,
Grote, was the most plentiful.

The larva of Sthenopis argenteo-macudatus, Harris, seems to be a very
general root-feeder. I have several times ploughed it out of the roots of
scrub willows on the prairie, and during the second week of May I was
having some black cherry and hazel scrub dug up, to enlarge my garden,
when a full-fed larva was disturbed. I put it into a box, and it produced
a moth, a female, during the second week of July. This species was also
_ scarce; I only saw one other on the wing instead of the usual dozen or so.

As to Geometers, except for two or three species that come to sugar
like Noctuids, I hardly saw any—they were not to be taken, though I
particularly wanted several species. However, when I get all the names
that are wanting in my collection, which I hope soon to do with the kind

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

aid of Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Vancouver Island, I shall have a small
addition to make to the Manitoban list published by Mr. Hanham. All
larvie were scarce, even “ cutworms ” did little or no damage, and though
I wanted to rear some Malacosoma fragilis, Stretch., I did not come
across any of their ‘‘ tents.”

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D., DECATUR, ILL.
Cerathosia idella, 0. sp.— Expanse, 25 mm.

Fore wings white, with small orange patch at apex, marked with black
dots and bars as follows: Six spots on costa, about equidistant, the basal
one slightly removed from costa and the second smalier than the others,
a round spot in cell, followed by four short parallel transverse bars beyond
it, lying close together, the third one joining spot on costa. A short
longitudinal dash on inner margin at base, followed by five transverse bars
from median vein to inner margin, the first, however, not quite reaching
it. Of these the third and fifth are narrower than the others and in the
male especially tend to become broken, probably in some specimens they
would be almost or quite wanting. Inthe 9? there is a sub-terminal row
of spots, irregular in shape and size. In the 4 these are reduced to three
or four. On the outer margin there are some rather heavy black blotches.
In the ¢ these’ show as quite well defined quadrate patches at inner
angle, opposite cell and at apex. The fringe is black opposite these spots
and between the lower two, but white between the apical and median
ones. Hind wings orange, slightly darker outwardly. Head, collar and
thorax white, with black spots on shoulders, centre of patagia and top of
thorax. The thorax has, in addition, a posterior band. These markings
show an admixture of metallic-blue scales under lens. Abdomen orange
above, white beneath. Both wings ordnge beneath, with the black mark-
ings of upper surface more or less in evidence on fore wings. ‘There is a
short black bar from costa, at outer fourth, outwardly oblique, and: the
black markings of fringe are as on upper surface. Palpi black above and
at tip, white beneath. Antenne blackish. ‘Tibize of fore legs black above.
All tarsi checkered black and white as well as tibiz of posterior and
middle pairs.

Types g and ¢. PimaCo., Arizona. July zoth. ;
Catabena begallo, n. sp.— ¢. Expanse, 24 mm, ~ .

Dark blackish gray, with a slight reddish tinge, of about the same
shade as Agestis. ‘The ground colour is of the red shade, but in fresh

May, 1905.

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

specimens it is mostly concealed by a thick sprinkling of blackish scales.
In worn specimens, much more of the ground colour is in evidence and
there is a well-marked strigate appearance, especially outwardly. The
orbicular is present as a minute, inconspicuous dot, with black centre.
The reniform is to the naked eye the only contrasting feature in the
maculation, and even it is not very prominent. It is of the ground colour
with some white scales mixed, especially at lower end, and has a few
black scales around it, but the margin is not at all well defined. With the
lens a very faint dentate t. p. line can be made out. There is a faint
interrupted black line at base of fringes, which are slightly checkered.
The interruptions in the terminal line are due to faint whitish points.

Hind wings white, very slightly dusky outwardly and with fuscous line
at base of fringe, which is white. In the female, while the fore wings are
as in the ¢, the hind wings are more fuscous outwardly and there can be
made out a very faint trace of mesial line. Head and thorax concolorous
with fore wings, abdomen whitish in male, somewhat darker in °.

Fore wings beneath fuscous, lighter along inner margin. Hind wings
with some fuscous scales along costa, faint discal dot. In the female the
shades are somewhat darker.

Types, Southern Arizona, Pima Co.—This species can be readily dis-
tinguished by the pale contrasting reniform.

Platysenta temecula, n. s.— ¢. Expanse, 26 mm.

Dark reddish-brown, with darker shades, veins darkened. A central
shade extends from base along median nerve to or beyond end of cell.
This is continued to margin, above inner angle, as a rather broad, though
not strongly-contrasting, band. There is also a narrower shade running
from end of cell to apex; the wing being a very little paler above and
below it. There are two well-marked black intravenular dashes beyond
cell; At end of cell is a short transverse white bar, preceded and followed
*by minute yellow points. The mark, while distinct, is small, and the
detail only to be made out with lens. There isa row of black terminal
lunules and the fringe is checkered, though not strongly so. Inconspicu-
ous pale points on costa mark inception of the transverse lines, which are
else barely to be made out, though indication’ of the t. p. can be faintly
traced. under the lens by pale points.

Hind wings fuscous, darker outwardly. Fringe paler, with dark line
at base. Head and thorax concolorous with fore, abdomen with hind
wings. Collar obscurely transversely banded.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

Beneath fore wing fuscous, with slight reddish tinge; a distinct, though
not prominent, mesial band not reaching inner margin ; discal dot present.
Hind wings whitish outwardly, reddish-fuscous along costa and outwardly,
discal dot and mesial band as on fore wing.

Type, 1 ¢. Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

Tricholita baranca, n. sp.— dé. Expanse, 28 mm.

General colour seal-brown, with a slight reddish tinge, more or less
frosted with pale scales. [lead and thorax somewhat paler, showing less
of the reddish tint, owing to a greater admixture of the pale hairs. Ordi-
nary lines all tracable in perfect specimens, though not at all prominent.
Under the lens the veins seem to be somewhat darkened and very sparsely
coafed with palescales. Basal half-line evident, more noticeable from the
pale filling than from the only very slightly darker limiting lines. T. a.
almost transverse, irregularly dentate, slightly darker than ground colour,
accompanied by slightly paler inner shade. Median shade rather more
prominent than the other lines, outwardly oblique to lower end of reniform,
thence inwardly oblique to middle of inner margin. T. p. scalloped, only
slightly exserted, beyond cell, thence quite direct to inner margin, S. t.
wavy, irregular, somewhat darker than ground colour. Median and
terminal spaces slightiy darker than remainder of wing. Costal and basal
areas somewhat more frosted than remainder of wing. The inception of
the transverse lines on costa are somewhat darkened, the pale filling show-
ing as light dots. Towards apex there are three or four more pale bands,
none of which, however, are strongly pronounced, but plainly visible under
the lens. Fringe concolorous with terminal space, with faint darker basal
line and pale dots at end of veins. Claviform obsolete and orbicular
usually so, though in one specimen a faint minute brownish ring can be
made out under the lens. Reniform margined by white points, usually
four in the outer row and two or three in the inner, the outer row is much
better developed and the second from the costa is evidently composed of
the fusion of two others, as it is about twice as large and is in some
specimens partly divided. Between the two rows of pale dots the spet is
filled with reddish scales. ‘The lower point of the inner row is the largest
in all the specimens before me, those lying above it showing more or less

of a tendency to become obsolete. Hind wings fuscous with more or less
of a reddish mixture. Very faint traces of discal dot and mesial band,
scarcely discernible except in certain lights. Fringe fuscous at base,
whitish externally. Beneath fore wings paler than above, darkened
centrally, paler along costa and inner margin. Traces of dark extra

196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

mesial band and pale discal dot. Hind wings. with distinct dark discal
dot and mesial band. Thorax, legs and abdomen concolorous with wing.

Types ¢ and ¢. Kerrville, Texas. Received from Mr. Lacey.
Tpimorpha Nanaimo, n. sp.—Expanse, 33 mm.

Considerably paler than pleonectusa, with more of a yellowish tinge.
The ordinary markings showing dark.against the pale ground, while in the
old species the reverse is the case. The t. a. line presents more of an
inward and the t. p. line more of an outward curve, and the ordinary spots
are much less clearly defined. The basal half-line not in evidence, while
the s. t. is only marked by the contrast between the slightly darker sub-
terminal space with the lighter terminal. The terminal space is somewhat
shaded with black scales outwardly, while the fringe and the costa for a
short distance from apéx has a quite pronounced reddish tint. The
orbicular has a slight pointed projection outward, corresponding to a
similar inward projection of the reniform. ‘The mesial bana of hind is
dark and followed by a slightly darker shade than the ground colour.
Beneath there is 2 well-marked common mesial band. ‘Tiere is, however,
no trace of the ordinary spots as in pleonectusa.

Type,.1¢. Victeria, B. C., from Mr. Hanham.

(To be continued.)
OBITUARY.

TERTIA SILVIA CRUICKSHANK, wife of Charles Stevenson, Secretary-
Treasurer of the Mount Royal Entomological Club, Montreal, died on the
8th April, after a few days’ illness. She was born in Scotland on the 26th
December, 1866, and came to Canada in 1892, and was married on the
day of her arrival, 31st May.

She was an enthusiastic naturalist from her childhood, and made pets
of all kinds of animals. Soon after her marriage, her husband took up his
school-boy hobby of collecting insects, in which she joined him. In the
summer months she spent what time she could spare from her domestic

duties in entomological work and was a very successful collector.

She has left two children, Kenneth Ruttan, aged 11, and Ivy Silvia,
aged 8, both of whom show promise of becoming entomologists.

The Montreal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario and
the Mount Royal Entomological Club were well represented at her
funeral. ‘The former showed their sympathy by a wreath and the latter
by a floral anchor. All the members of the Society unite in very deep
sympathy with Mr. Stevenson and his children in their sad bereavement,

The @ anadliay ¥entomalogist

Vou. XXXVIL LONDON, JUNE, 190s. No. 6

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.— No. 6.
THE STRUGGLE WITH THE CoDLING MOTH.
BY WM. LOCHHEAD, ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH.

Everyone recognizes the destructive work of the Codling Moth, but
everyone does not know how to fight it. Much has been written abcut it,
for the great loss occasioned by this one insect has compelled not only
fruit-growers but also governments to investigate its habits and to deter-
mine practicable methods for its control. Asa result of the labours of
many scientific observers, its life-history is now fairly well known, and its
control is now no longer a matter of mere chance. The recent work of
Slingerland and Simpson in particular has cleared up many doubtful points
in its life-history, so that the careful, intelligent fruit-grower can now rely
upon remedies which are practically effective.

Although the “worm” or larva is well known on account of its abun-
dance, the other stages of the Codling Moth are still unfamiliar to most
fruit-growers. This is not to be wondered at, for the moth is quite small,
and is a very shy creature. Other small moths are frequently mistaken
for it, and this probably explains why a few years ago trap-lanterns were
thought by some credulous people to be effective agents in their control.
As a matter of fact, Codling Moths do not appear to be attracted by
lights, and there are but few instances on record where they have been
captured by such means.

It is not many years since the eggs of the Codling Moth were first
observed and noted. ‘They are very small, and most careful observations
are required to detect them. With the first brood they are found most
frequently on the leaves, sometimes on the young fruit, but usually on the
.fruit in the case of the second brood. About ten or eleven days elapse
before the young larve emerge. Naturally, the majority of the newly-
hatched larvz of the first brood feed on leaf-tissue. Soon, however, they
find the fruit, and enter it, usually at the calyx end. The tunnel to the
core, the cavity at the core, and the exit tunnel and its plug are too well
known to require description. The larva lives within the apple about

198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

twenty days before it emerges to spin its cocoon under some rude pro-
tective covering, such as rough bark, cracks, bands, etc. Six days later
the larva within the cocoon transforms to a pupa, and two weeks after it
has entered the pupal state the moth appears. The average duration of
the first generation is about fifty days. In districts where there is but one
generation in a year, the larval stage’ is lengthened to nearly ten months,
for the winter is passed as a larva within a cocoon. ‘Where there are two
generations the moths emerge in August to deposit eggs on the apple for
the second brood of larvee, which work throughout August and September
in the developed fruit. This second brood of “‘worms” is more destructive
than the first, as their ravages are committed on the later and more valu-
able fruit, often after it has been picked and stored.

From the standpoint of the control of the Codling Moth it is important
to know definitely when. the moths deposit their eggs, and when these eggs
hatch. The observations of many competent entomologists indicate that
the egg-laying period may extend over several weeks with both generations
of moths.

When we consider the problem of the control of the Codling Moth
we must emphasize the importance of these lengthened egg-laying periods,
more especially when we bear in mind the habits of the larve. It is clear
from what has been stated, that the early larve may be killed by poisoning
the leaves, and by placing poison in the calyx end of the apple; and the
second brood may be killed by the spraying of the fruit, for the eggs of
this brood are, as a rule, deposited on the fruit.

Experiments carried out both in the East and the West show that
a very large percentage of worm-free apples is obtained when two
sprayings are made for the first brood of larve, and one for the
second brood when it is present: the first spraying a few days after
the petals fall; the second two or three weeks later; and the third about
the middle of August in ordinary seasons. Slingerland lays great emphasis
on the first spraying for Eastern conditions, while Simpson is of the
opinion that the second spraying is most effective for Western conditions.

A very important factor in successful spraying is the arsenical mixture
used. Paris Green has for many years been used successfully by careful
sprayers, but with very indifferent results by careless sprayers. If not
carefully mixed and agitated Paris Green settles rapidly to the bottom, and
much of it will remain at the bottom of the spray barrel when the solution
is all sprayed out,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199

Arsenite of lime, arsenite of soda, and arsenate of lead are now
recommended in preference io Patis Green. They are much cheaper and
more effective, since they mix readily in water or Bordeaux Mixture.

In the matter of orchard practice the Arsenic Compounds should
always be used along with Bordeaux Mixture, to form a combined fungi-
cide and insecticide against both the Apple Scab and the Codling worm.
In small orchards a good hand-power spray-pump is all that is needed to
apply the solutions, but in large orchards ‘‘power-sprayers” are strongly
recommended. The high pressure which is developed allows the use of
two lines of hose operating 8 to 12 nozzles. With such an outfit the time
required to spray even a very large orchard is reduced to a minimum.
Besides, the fineness of the spray leads to more effective work.

The presence of the San Jose Scale, the Grape Rots, the Apple Scab
and the Plum Rot in the fruit-regions of Ontario has compelled our fruit-
growers to spray. As business men they have been forced:into the use of
power-sprayers, and this year has witnessed the introduction of the power-
sprayer, with the abandonment of the hand-power outfit as a ‘back

“number.”

As an aid to spraying for the control of the Codling Moth, banding
of trees is still practised in many sections. Although this method is quite
effective when it is properly looked after, it is worse than useless—it is
actually harmful—when the bands are not examined regularly every ten
days through June and July for cocoons. Moreover, banding is an
expensive treatment when the time required for the fixing of the bands in
place, and their examination every ten days, is taken into consideration.
It might be preferable to give an additional spraying instead.

There are some remedies which are of little or no value. Simpson
places the following remedies in this class: Moth balls hung up in trees;
smudging with ill-smelling compounds; plugging the trees with sulphur;
plugging the roots with calomel; trap-lanterns; and baiting the moths with
vinegar and molasses.

The fruit-grower is aided greatly in his struggle with the Codling
Moth by several friends. Our birds especially are great helpers. The
Chickadee, the Downy Woodpecker, Nuthatch, Bluebird, Swallows, Spar-
rows, and Wren, are all valuable, and their presence in the orchard is very
desirable.

There are also several minute insects which prey upon the Codling

Moth,

200 ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Finally, besides all this, the fruit-grower can do much to lessen his
losses by what is known as clean farming. This is shown in the appear-
ance of his orchard, as a result of pruning, removal of rubbish, careful
cultivation, and manuring. By such means he may increase the produc-
tiveness by securing better fruit, free from scab and worm-hole.

A NEW CECIDOMYIID ON COTTON.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

During the past winter Dr. L. O. Howard received specimens of a
Cecidomyiid from Sir Daniel Morris, Director of the Imperial Department
of Agriculture for the West Indies, with the statement that the larve live
in the cambium layer of cotton plants. Up to the present time no repre-
sentative of this family has been recorded as depredating upon cotton so
far as I am aware, and at the request of Sir D. Morris the species is duly
characterized herewith :

Porricondyla (Epidosis) gossypit, new species.

Antenne of male longer than the head and body together, composed
of about twenty-one joints, of which the first two are sessile and scarcely
longer than wide, the remaining joints, except the last one, with a bulbous
basal portion bearing a whorl of bristly hairs and a narrow apical part,
the latter being slightly shorter than the thickened part of each joint.
Antenne of female about two-thirds as long as the head and body com-
bined, composed of twenty-six nearly sessile joints, the first two joints
somewhat conical, the others constricted in the middle, the third joint the
most strongly so, each succeeding joint less constricted. Wings hyaline,
third vein (the apparent second vein) strongly curved and ending below
the extreme tip of the wing, small crossvein very oblique and weakly
sigmoid. Colours yellow, the sternum and greater part of mesonotum
brown, head blackish, antenne of female and the enlarged portions of
those of the male brown, the constricted portions of the male antennz
white, legs dusky-whitish. Length, 1.5 mm.

Described from several dry and shriveled specimens of both sexes.
Type No. 8399, U. S. National Museum. From Barbados, West Indies.

The full-grown larvee are yellowish-white, the median portion chiefly
orange-red; the skin is smooth except on the under side, where there are
many minute tubercles arranged in about six irregular transverse rows on

the median portion of each segment. ‘The breast-bone is yellow, cylindri-
cal, and with a small knob at the anterior end. The larve live beneath

the bark of cotton plants, without forming galls,
June, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201

NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUID FOR 1905.—No. 2.
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.

Luxoa vestitura, n. sp.—Ground colour dull smoky-brown, varying
a little to reddish-brown in one direction and luteous in another. Head
and thorax concolorous. Vestiture hairy rather than scaly, neither the
collar nor the patagia well defined. Primaries with the usual maculation
at least traceable and often distinct, never contrasting, the lines ranging
from smoky to black. Basal line geminate, always marked on costa
and often complete. TT. p. line geminate, the inner portion less defined,
more even and sometimes obscure: included space broad, concolorous or
a little paler thay ground : outer part of line usually distinct, often broken
on the veins, more or less out-curved in the interspaces, as a whole the
line nearly upright. TT. p. line geminate, the inner portion crenulate, outer
narrow, even and sometimes wanting. Asa whole the line makes a very
even curve over the cell and is then parallel with the outer margin. S. t.
line marked by a slightly darker preceding shade in the s. t. space, by a
vague difference in shade between s. t. and terminal space, or altogether
wanting. There may be a series of terminal lunules, a narrow terminal
line or no marking at all. Fringes concolorous. ‘There is usually a rather
well marked median shade, somewhat diffuse, outwardly bent from the
middle of costa to the end of the median vein, then parallel with the t. p.
line to the inner margin. Claviform wanting. Orbicular wanting alto-
gether, in most specimens, indicated in others by a few blackish scales.
Reniform obscure, marked by two diffuse smoky blotches, indicating the
lateral margins, and of these the inner may be absorbed in the median
shade. Secondaries dull, smoky, outwardly darker, somewhat yellowish
and lighter at base ; fringes paler.

Expands.—1.26-1.46 inches = 31-36 mm. aditat.—St. John, New
Brunswick, August 9-19.

Eleven males and two females, most of them in at least fair condition.

These specimens were taken in 1899 or 1900 and have been in my collec-
tion for years, somewhat doubtfully associated with drunneigera, of which
I have never had gocd material from the type locality. Renewed study of
such material as I have and of Hampson’s description from the type has
convinced me that I have a good species with characters as above stated.
The range of variation is from a type in which all the markings are distinct
to a form in which they are barely traceable and in part altogether obliter-
ated. My series covers all intermediate forms. I regret that the labels
do not have the name of the collector to whose liberality I owe the
specimens.

June, 1905.

202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Euxoa foramina, n. sp.—Head, thorax and primaries powdery ashen-
gray over a luteous ground. Head with two transverse frontal lines.
Collar with two blackish lines, oné just above the middle distinct, the other
just below the tip, obscure and sometimes wanting. Thorax confusedly
powdered with whitish scales, which tend to form paler edgings to the
patagia. Primaries confusedly marked, with all the transverse maculation
obsolete, yet hardly strigate. In the best marked examples the veins are
powdered with whitish, there is a diffuse basal blackish streak, to which
there may or may not be joined a small, loop-like claviform; there is an
ill-defined triangular sub-apical cloud and there is a dusky shading in the
median cell. The ordinary spots are narrowly pale ringed, concolorous,
not readily made out. The orbicular is narrow, more or less elongate,
oblique, irregular and rarely extends to or fuses with the reniform. The
reniform is moderate in size or small and of the normal kidney shape.
The small loop-like claviform is traceable in about half the specimens, and
when it is best marked a narrow blackish line extends from its tip to the
outer margin. There is a distinct pale terminal line preceded by black
lunules. Secondaries in the male snowy white, immaculate; in the female
evenly smoky. Beneath, whitish powdery; primaries: more so than the
secondaries; all wings with a more or less obvious discal spot, that of the
secondaries tending to become lost; female darker than the male,
throughout.

Expands.—1.15-1.35 inches = 29-34 mm. Aad:tat.—Stockton,
Utah, Sept. 14-24; Mr. ‘T. Spalding.

Twelve ¢ and five 2, most of them in at least fair condition. All
of these were, as I understand it, taken on flowers, in company with
Hollemanni and Nevada, to which this species is allied. It most nearly
resembles /Vevada in appearance, but is smaller, much grayer, more con-
fusedly marked, the ordinary spots are rarely fused and the secondaries
in the female are evenly smoky instead of having a dusky outer border and
smoky veins. With a series of each at hand the differences are even more
striking than the description indicates.

Euxoa taura, n. sp.— Head, thorax and primaries dull, smoky, gray-
brown; the first and second without defined markings, the primaries with
all the lines well defined, but without contrasting ornamentation. The
secondaries are dull pale yellowish to a well-defined extra median line,
beyond which the wings are blackish, forming a broad dusky border. The
abdomen is only a little paler than the thorax and the incisures are narrowly

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203

blackish. On the primaries the basal line is geminate, black, broken.
T. a. line geminate, black, the inner portion narrower and less marked,
somewhat irregular, as a whole a little oblique outwardly. T. p. line gemi-
fate on the costa and on the outcurve ; beyond that the outer line is lost
and the inner is well defined and sharply crenulate, as a whole only a little
outcurved over the cell, and very evenly oblique below it. S. t. line of
the ground colour, a little irregular, marked by a series of triangular
blackish spots, and the terminal space, which is darker except at apex.
There is a series of distinct terminal lunules, beyond which there is a
yellow line at the base of the fringes. An indefined dusky median shade
crosses between the ordinary spots and darkens the cell at that point.
The claviform is concolorous, loop-like, incompletely outlined by black
scales. Orbicular concolorous, outlined by a narrow black ring. Reni-
form moderate in size, kidney-shaped, a little paler than the ground, with
a smoky central line or shade, incompletely outlined’ by black scales.
Beneath, primaries dull smoky-yellowish with a blackish extra median
diffuse transverse shading; secondaries as above, but more diffusely marked
and paler.

Expands.—1.45 inches = 36 mm. Aaditat.—Regina, Assiniboia,
August 5; T. N. Willing.

One male in fine condition received from Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod,
(No. 11). This is a most remarkable species for the genus and was taken
for an Oncocnemis at first sight ; but the generic characters are unmistak-
able. The body is robust, the thoracic vestiture dense, consisting of
flattened hair, collar and patagia well defined.

Euxoa ura, 0, sp.—Head, thorax and primaries creamy-gray with a
reddish tinge ; the first’two immaculate. Primaries with all the markings —
well defined, smoky, not contrasting, surface powdery. Basal line gemi-
nate, well marked as a rule, rarely obscure or even wanting. T. a. line
geminate, broad, powdery, the inner portion more even, more slender and
less marked; the outer forming obvious though not wide outcurves in the
interspaces, as a whole a little outwardly oblique. ‘T. p. line geminate,
the outer portion even, narrow, tending to obsolescence, the inner lunulate
or even crenulate, the teeth often extending to the outer portion; as a
whole only a little outcurved from costa over cell and then nearly parallel
with outer margin. A more or less obvious, diffuse shade crosses the
median space between the ordinary spots, darkening the cell and then
runs close to the t. p. line, tending to reach it in some examples, S. t.

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

line of the ground colour, only a little irregular, variably marked by a
dusky preceding shade or a darker terminal space; rarely by both. There
is no dark terminal line and in only a few cases are there small dusky
lunules before the paler line at the base of the fringes. No trace of a
claviform in any specimen. Orbicular of moderate size, or large, round or
nearly so, concolorous or slightly paler, sometimes defined by a slightly
darker border, sometimes by a pale annulus and sometimes scarcely out-
lined at all. Reniform large, broad, upright, scarcely kidney-shaped,
never completely and sometimes not at all outlined; usually concolorous,
occasionally a little paler in the middle and rarely a little darkened
inferiorly. Secondaries white in both sexes, in the female tending to a
dusky outer border; but that is never strongly marked and often absent.
Beneath, primaries silky-whitish with a reddish or creamy tinge, with a
discal cloud extending partially across the wing beyond the middle; second-
aries immaculate or with a smoky outer band and discal lunule.

Expands.—1.o0-1.40 inches = 25-35 mm. Aaditat.—Stockton,
Utah, September 18 to October 4; Mr. Thomas Spalding.

Eighteen males and ten females, most of them in good condition and
showing so great a range of variation that I am by no means certain that
only one species is involved. Of one form I have 8 ¢ and 3 9, and in
all these a distinct reddish tinge is obvious. The size ranges from 1.27 to
1.40 inches, most specimens reaching and few exceeding 1.35 inches.
The surface is obviously powdery, but all the markings are easily made
out. Of a second form I have 6 ¢ and 5 9, and all of these are creamy-
gray, with hardly a trace of red. This ranges in size from 1.23 to 1.35
inches, but most of the specimens are about 1.30 inches in expanse. The
surface is distinctly less powdery and the tendency is to an obsolescence
of the maculation. Of the third form I have 4 ¢ and 2 9, ranging in
size from 1.00 to 1.20 inches, none of the males exceeding 1.10, while the
two females are nearly of a size. This has a little reddish in its general
“appearance, but the maculation is greatly obscured throughout. This
form is the more likely to prove distinct, and I propose the term uramina
for it to call attention to its existence.

The body is robust, the thoracic vestiture somewhat loose, composed
of long, flattened hair, with a finer woolly admixture, collar and patagia

not well marked. ‘The antennz are long, in the male distinctly pectinated,
but the teeth are not long and are furnished with terminal as well as lateral
bristles. In a general way the species is allied to edicta/is.

(To, be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

MANITOBA MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

The following list of Micro-Lepidoptera taken in the Province of
Manitoba, is published for the purpose of recording the distribution of
species, as well as an incentive to the collectors of the locality to make
more than ordinary efforts to add to the number. The work that has
already been done is most gratifying, and compares very favourably with
local lists of many of the States, from which a great deal more would have
been expected. For instance, the number of Tortricids alone exceeds the
number credited to the State of New Jersey, in Prof. John B. Smith’s list
of 1899. But even in this family I have twenty-five or more additional
species which appear to be new, but that are not described at the present
time owing to the fact that most of them occur as only one or two speci-
mens of a kind, and oftentimes more or less rubbed. I am quite sure that
the work of another year or two will enable us to establish a list of Tortri-
cids from this one province alone of not less than two hundred and fifty
species. The same proportions will probably follow in the other families
embraced under this general head. Collectors must not forget that each
different manner of collecting produces results not found in any other
way. Daylight with net, sugaring and light at night, and most valuable,
breeding from the larve, also different hours of the day must be worked.
Some species fly only very early in the morning, others only at twilight ;
likewise different localities, such as the prairies, along streams, in thickets
and underbrush, and in the woods or forest, each will contribute some
species not found elsewhere. The proof of these remarks will be found in
the localities given in the lists below, regardless of how small the numbers
were. Each collector has secured species not found by some or any of
the others, showing the result of work along individual lines in favourite
spots or methods.

I take pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to the following
gentlemen for the privilege of studying and making record of their
captures, as well as for the many specimens they have generously
permitted me to retain :

Mr. E. Firmstone Heath has for several years sent me his captures,
all of which are recorded under the name Cartwright.

Mr. Norman Criddle has sent me a very large number of most
interesting species, all of them most beautifully and carefully expanded
His captures are recorded as Aweme.

June, 1905.

,

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

From Mr. A. T. Dennis, of Bez/ah, a small but interesting lot.

Through your—I must say ouvr—well-beloved Dominion Entomolo-
gist-in-Chief, Dr. Jas. Fletcher, a very carefully prepared lot of specimens
from Mr. L. E. Marmont, recorded as from Rounthwaite.

Through the courtesy of Dr. H. G. Dyar, a small lot of unidentified
material from the National Museum, collected by Mr. A. W. Hanham,
under the localities Winnipeg and West Manitoba. Also a few
indifferent specimens collected by a couple of small boys at Wattsview
and Souris.

In regard to the identifications, I would say : In the Tortricids I am
entirely responsible for the names. The Pyralids have ina few cases been
directly identified by Prof. Fernald, the balance named from my own
collection, which, however, was also largely named by him. ‘This also
applies to the Crambids. The Phycits have been largely determined by Dr.
Dyar. The Pterophorids I have worked out entirely by the synoptic
tables in Fernald’s Monograph of this group, comparing where possible
with figures in Walsingham’s “ Ptero. of Cal. and Ore.” Some of these
names may have to be corrected, as synoptic tables at their best are very
far from perfect. In the Tineid families, those that have been named
have been identified by comparison with typical examples in my own and
the National Museum collection. . Many species, however, yet remain to
be identified, and I purpose entering seriously into this work as soon as
I have got the Tortricids in fairly good order. .

In brackets, after many of the species, I have added the localities
hitherto recorded, so far as I know them. A particularly noteworthy fact
of this list is, that the Manitoba fauna seems to embrace species from
both the coast and foothill districts of the Pacific Slope, from Texas and
from the Eastern States, as well as a number of the European species that
are accredited to North America.

The descriptions of the new species of Tortricids will follow the
general list, with the hope that within the additional time permitted, more
specimens of some of them will have been received.

Exartema olivaceanum, Fern.—Rounthwaite, July; Aweme, VII,
23 to 27. Recorded from Eastern States.

Exartema atrodentanum, Fern.—Aweme, VII, 23; Winnipeg.
(Ohio to Texas.)

Exurtema inornatanum, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July ; Cartwright 5
Aweme, VII, 23. (Atlantic States.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2017

Olethreutes nimbatana, Clem.—Cartwright, VII, 10. This species
is scarcely separable from O. consanguinana, W\sm. ‘The latter has a
more or less obsolete paler fascia through the middle of the dark basal
area, and is a little larger in size (No. Atl. States.)

Olethreutes capreana, Hbn.—Aweme, VII, 12 to 20; Cartwright ;
Rounthwaite, July.

Olethreutes dimidiana, Lodsf.—Cartwright, one specimen, no date.
Agrees with all other American specimens in my collection from the
Atlantic States and as far west as Arkansas, but none of them agree with
European examples. Further study may warrant separation.

Olethreutes deceptana, Kearf.—Aweme, VII, 24, to VIII, 8 ; Win-
nipeg.

Olethreutes hebesana, Walk.—Aweme, VI, 2. (Northern U. S.)

Olethreutes cyanana, Murtf.— Rounthwaite, June. (Penna. to
Kansas. ) :

Olethreutes hemidesma, Ze\l.—Rounthwaite, June. I have bred this
species from larve found in the beautiful pink flower heads of Spirea
tormentosa, during early July in New Jersey. (Maine to California.)

Olethreutes duplex, W\ism.—Aweme, VII, 12; Cartwright; Winnipeg.
(Colorado.)

Olethreutes nubilana, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July ; Cartwright ; Win-
nipeg. This is the species that I incorrectly identified as O. vetu/ana,
Wlsm., ante, p. 43. The two species seem very much alike. I now
have a very long series of Eastern and Canadian specimens, all of which
agree with Clemens’s type and description. I have only two rather badly
rubbed California specimens, and await perfect material from this latter
locality before deciding whether both species are good, or that vetudana
isasynonym. (Penna. to Wis.)

Olethreutes coruscana, Clem. — Rounthwaite, July ; Winnipeg; °
Aweme, VIII, 9 and 15. ‘This identification is subject to correction.
The Aweme specimens have white hind wings, reticulated with fuscous
around the edges, while the Rounthwaite specimen is darker than any
Eastern specimens I have. There seems to be a tendency for all four of
these allied species, cha/ybeana, W\sm , coruscana, Clem., conste//atana,
Zell., and major, Wism., to intergrade. (No. Atlantic States.)

Olethreutes instrutana, Clem.—Aweme, VII, 15 to 31; Beulah,
VII, 15; Cartwright. (No. Atlantic States.)

Olethreutes campestrana, Zell.—Rounthwaite, July; Beulah, VIII,
15; Cartwright ; Aweme, VI, 27, to VII, 9. (No. Atl, States.)

208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Olethreutes fuscalbana, Zell.—Aweme, VI, 13, to VIL, 22. (Maine
to Ohio.)

Olethreutes glaciana, Msch\.—Cartwright, VII, 1. (Ontario and
Labrador.) 4

Olethreutes dilutifuscana, Wism.—Cartwright. (Oregon.)

Eucosma Morrisoni, Wism.—Rounthwaite, July; Aweme, VI, 25 to
29; Beulah. ;

Eucosma Ridingsana, Rob.—Rounthwaite, July ; Beulah, VIII, tr.
(Texas to Canada.)

Eucosma circulana, Hbn.—Rounthwaite, July ; Cartwright ; Souris.
_ Eucosma occipitana, Zell.—Beulah, VII, 15 ; Cartwright; Roun-
thwaite, July. Type from Texas, not since recorded.

Eucosma culminana, W\sm.— Rounthwaite, July ; Beulah, VIII, 15;
Winnipeg. Most Eastern record. Q

Eucosma passerana, Wism.—Aweme, VI, 27. Type from California,
not since recorded.

Eucosma vertumnana, Ze\l.—Rounthwaite, June; Aweme, VIII,
8. (New York and Texas.)

' Eucosma nisella, Clerck.—Rounthwaite, August. I retain this name
for the present, but am not convinced that the European and American
species are the same. ,

Eucosma abbreviatana, Wism.—Aweme, V, 21, to VI, 6. (Mass.
to D.C.) .

Eucosma solicitana, Walk.—Aweme, VI, 16. (No. Atl. States.)

Eucosma illotana, Wism.—-Aweme, VI, 15 to 25; Cartwright.
(Oregon.)

Eucosma Scudderiana, Clem.—Aweme, VI, 18. (No. Atl. States.)

Eucosma dorsisignatana, Clem.—Aweme, VIII, 15 to 22; Cart-
wright. (Eastern States.)

Eucosma confluana, Kearf.—Aweme, VIiI, 12.

Eucosma graduatana, W\sm.—Aweme, V, 31. In Dyar’s Catalogue,
as well as in Fernald’s Catalogue*, graduatana is made a synonym of
dorsisignatana. The Aweme specimen is very close to Walsingham’s
figure and description, the hind wings are rust-red, the shape and size of
spots on fore wing are similar, the specimen is little more than half the
size of the latter, and it occurs in May, while dorsisignatana is a late
summer or fall species. If Walsingham’s figure is a fair representation of

*Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X., p. 42, 1882.

-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209

his type, I have no doubt that this Aweme specimen is his species, and also
that it is most decidedly distinct from dor'sisignatana. Type from Texas.

Eucosma glomerana, Wism.—Aweme, July. Type from Texas, not
since recorded.

Eucosma corosana, W\sm.—Rounthwaite, July; Beulah, VII, 15.
Type from Montana, and not since recorded.

Eucosma juncticiliana, W\ism.—Aweme, VII, 26, to VIII, 15.
(Northern U. S.) 3

Eucosma argentialbana, W\sm.—Beulah, VII, 15 ; Aweme, VI, 6,
. to VI., 29; Rounthwaite, July. (Texas.)

Pseudogalleria inimicella, Zell—Aweme, VI, 16; Beulah. New
Western and Northern record for this species.

Thiodia striatana, Clem.—Rounthwaite, June. (Atlantic States.)

Thiodia dorsiatomana, Kearf.— West Manitoba.

Thiodia pallidicostana, Wism.—Aweme, VI, 16, to, VII, 27; Beulah,
VII, 15 ; Winnipeg ; Cartwright.

Thiodia tenuiana, Wism.—Aweme, VI, 16. Rounthwaite, June.

Thiodia triangulana, Kearf.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VI, 29.

Thiodia infimbriana, Dyar.—Aweme, VIII, 13 ; Cartwright ; Roun-
thwaite, July ; Winnipeg.

Thiodia refusana, Walk.—Rounthwaite, May ; Aweme, V, 20 to 27.

(To be continued.)

NEW SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS AND RELATED GENERA
(HOMOPTERA).
BY E. D. BALL, UTAH AG. COLL., LOGAN.

Phlepsius Slossoni, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of /éppulus
nearly, slightly larger and darker, with a much longer, flatter vertex.
Length, 6 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Vertex slightly acutely angled, the apex truncate, nearly twice longer
on middle than against eyes, the disc concave, anterior margin sharp and
broadly foliaceous, the line between this foliaceous margin and the front
proper being sharply marked. Front slightly convex, evenly narrowing to
the apically expanded clypeus. Elytra moderately long, appressed behind
the middle, the apices slightly flaring. Venation obscure.

Colour : vertex pale fulvous and brown, a narrow median hine to just
before the middle forks at right angles, and finally slightly reflexed, black,
a wedge-shaped mark from the apex back to this fork, the lateral margins
and basal angles ivory white. The apical wedge is black-margined, and

the lateral margins have a few slender wavy lines of black extending into
June, 1905,

210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

~

;
them. Pronotum cinereous or brownish, sprinkled with light dots, and
crossed by three transverse light bands, the anterior one broad and
equidistant from the median one and margin, the posterior one marginal.
Scutellum with the anterior half cinereous brownish, and the posterior half
lighter. Elytra ivory white, closely dotted with brownish fuscous, omitting
three irregular bands of light, the anterior one broad and marked with a
few reticulated lines, the other two narrower and more irregular. A black
dot at the apex of each claval and apical nervure. Face finely dotted with
brownish fuscous, an ivory mark above.

Genitalia : female segment short, very slightly produced with a faint
median notch.

Described from a single female from Biscayne Bay, Fla. Received
from Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, in whose honour it is named. This and the
following species belong in a group with /ispulus in colour marking, but
are quite distinct structurally.

Philepsius fastuosus, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of
Slossoni nearly, but much stouter, and with a shorter, broader vertex.
Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 2.75 mm.

Vertex distinctly obtusely angular, the apex blunt and rounding,
nearly twice longer on middle than against eye, where it is very narrow,
disc flat, anterior margin thin, very slightly foliaceous, especially at apex.
Front broad, slightly convex, lateral margin rounding to clypeus.

Colour: vertex brownish cinereous, a cross on the apex; the lateral’
margins and a few dots on the disc ivory white. Face irregularly dotted
with brownish cinereous, omitting a light spot above. Pronotum brownish
cinereous, dotted and irregularly irrorate with ivory white. Elytra milky
white, irregularly marked with fine reticulations and small dots of
brownish fuscous. The dots are mostly arranged in two bands, one
rather narrow and definite across the posterior third of the clavus, and the
other broader and !ess distinct, occupying the whole apex behind the
clavus, the anterior band becoming black along the suture, and fading out
before reaching the costa.

Genitalia: female segment rather long, posterior margin truncate,
the median two-thirds angularly produced, elevated and slightly notched
at the apex. A pair of black spots outside the apical lobes.

Described from a single female from U. S. Nat. Museum. Collection
taken at Las Vegas, N. Mex., June 8th, by Barber and Schwarz.

Phlepsius nigrifrons, n. sp.—Form of denudatus nearly, but larger.

Resembling Vanduzei in general appearance. but slightly shorter and
stouter, - Length, 7 mm; width, 2.75 mm,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2hL

Vertex convex in both diameters, rounding to the large inflated front,
with a slight conical projection at apex. But little longer on gniddle than
against eye. Front full, very broad at base, narrowing down to the
parallel margined clypeus. Its length and breadth about equal. Elytra
broad, compressed behind, venation obscure, resembling that of Vanduzei,
but with the apical cells short.

Colour: vertex pale yellow in female, with a pair of round spots at
base, and a small pair just back of apex black. The black on the
rounding front is visible on either side the apex. In the male there is an
arch of irregular dots connecting the basal spots, two or three dots inside
the ocelli, and the frontal markings extend up to the apical spots. Front
black at base, with faint, light arcs ; below the antenne it is pale yellow,
with about five short brown arcs on either side. Pronotum and
scutellum pale dirty yellow, more or less inscribed with fuscous. Elytra
pale, with the nervures and the few scattered inscriptions brown; an
interrupted black stripe starts beneath the margin of the pronotum,
extends back just under the claval suture to the first cross nervure, and
gradually fades out. This is especially marked on both sides of the first
cross nervure, while the rest of these cells and the fork of the outer sector
are milk white.

Genitalia: female segment wanting, or appearing as a pair of widely
separated rectangular plates, a pair of roundingly pointed plates overlap
these on their inner margins, leaving the median fourth exposed. Male
valve rounding, with the apex bluntly produced ; plates together nearly
semicircular, with the apices bent up and slightly produced.

Described from a pair from the collection of the U. S. Nat. Museum,
taken at Hot Springs, Ark., by Schwarz and Barber.

Paramesus immaculatus, n. sp.—Form of Coloradensis nearly, but
smaller, and with a shorter, blunter-margined vertex. Pale tawny, with
faint markings. Length, 9? 4.5 mm., ¢ 3.5-4 mm.; width, 1.75 mm.

Vertex flat, very slightly sloping, anterior margin in a regular curve,
about one-fourth longer on middle than against eye, anterior margin
distinct, slightly acutely angulate, but not as sharply marked as in the
other members of this genus. Front broader and shorter than in
Coloradensis or in Twiningi. Elytra broad, rather short, venation as in
Twiningi, but less distinctly marked.

Colour: vertex of a uniform pale tawny, sometimes with a faint sub-
marginal line. Face pale creamy yellow, slightly washed with brown,
Pronotum pale tawny, with more or less of a cinereous cast on disc,

212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Scutellum pale tawny and testaceous, in irregular mottlings. Elytra
subhyaline gtestaceous, nervures scarcely darker except at apex, where
they are sometimes distinctly fuscous. Some specimens from the higher
altitudes lack the fulvous tinge, and have more distinctly fuscous
nervures.

Genitalia: female segment rather long, slightly emarginate pos-
teriorly, with a strap-shaped median tooth, Male valve very obtusely
triangular, plates long triangular, about five times the length of the valve.

Described from sixteen specimens collected at Fort Collins, Palmer
Lake and Rico, Colo., by the author.

Eutettix bicolorata, v. sp.—Form of jucunda nearly, slightly larger,
and with a more prominent front. Front pale greenish-yellow, with black
markings on pronotum and tips of elytra. Length, 2 6 mm.; width
nearly 2mm. Males slightly smaller.

Vertex rather narrow, but little wider than an eye, and only a trifle
longer in the middle. Surface sloping strongly to the transverse depres-
sion. Front much inflated, meeting the vertex at a slightly obtuse angle,
the margin distinct. As seen from the side the front is roundingly angled
below the antennz. Pronotum short, truncate behind. Elytra long,
narrow, compressed behind.

Colour: vertex greenish white, four small dots on the anterior
margin, and an irregularly reticulate square of black in the centre of each
half of the disc. Face greenish white above, brown or fuscous below,
sharply separated on a line just below the eyes, the darker colour running
up on the sides to the antennal sockets. Pronotum heavily inscribed with
black, omitting a narrow posterior margin, a row of irregular spots
anteriorly, and three more or less definite stripes on the disc. Scutellum
inscribed with brown, omitting three spots in an apical triangle. Elytra
greenish straw colour back to the apex of clavus, the nervures concolorous.
Back of the clavus the elytra are milky white, with the nervures and
numerous reticulations black in sharp contrast. The apical portion of
this area solidly infuscate, omitting a marginal line and a small hyaline
spot in the third apical cell.

Genitalia : female segment long, posterior margin slightly produced
in the middle and sinuate either side. Male valve short, transverse, plates
long-triangular, the apices extended and margined with fine white hairs.

Described from one female from Hot Springs, Ark., H. S. Barber
collector (U. S. N. M. Coll.), and four specimens taken by the author at
Richfield, Utah,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY WILLIAM BARNES, S.B., M.D., DECATUR, ILL.

(Continued from page 196.)
Stiria aliaga,n. sp.— f. Expanse, 30 mm.

Ground colour even chrome-yellow, a shade lighter beyond t. p. line.
Small ochraceous spot at inner third of cell, one towards its outer end and
traces of one beyond, ‘These are about equidistant from each other.
T. p. line the only other marking on fore wing. This is quite faint,
ochraceous, wavy and cannot be followed to costa in the specimens before
me. The fringe is darker than wing, of a somewhat ‘“ Ashes of Roses ”
colour. ‘The costa is lightly tinged with the same shade and the posterior
thoracic tufts and ends of patagia are likewise similarly coloured. The
fringe has a narrow ochraceous line at base and a slightly paler mesial
band.

Hind wings pale yellowish-white, fringe concolorous, with faint basal,
slightly darker line. Beneath pale yellow. Fore wing from t. p. line to
base and hind wing along costa darker, being coated somewhat thickly with
chrome-yellow and reddish scales. Head and thorax pale brownish-yellow,
abdomen, palpi and legs somewhat darker. Front crater-like with central
protuberance.

Female similat to male, but somewhat paler, more of a canary yellow.
The specimen is not so fresh as the male, however, which may account for
the difference in colour.

Types g¢ and ?. Pinal Co., Ariz.

Thalpochares Jativa, n. sp.—Expanse, 17 mm.

Ground colour light red, with a decided pink tinge. Base of wing
yellowish-white, this extends from junction of costa and thorax obliquely
downward and outward to inner margin, about 114 mm. from thorax.
The lower and inner half of this on inner margin, next to body, is, how-
ever, of the ground colour. The only other marking on the wing is a Y-
shaped, yellowish-white band across middle of wing. The slightly ex-
panded base rests on middle of inner margin. The fork is in the middle
of the wing, the outer prong ts slightly expanded on costa, while the inner
is somewhat narrower and shorter. The space between the prongs is

filled with the ground colour, though the edges are somewhat diffuse and
not so sharply defined as the outer margins of the Y. ‘he prominence ot
the mark is heightened by a slight intensification of the ground colour
along its margins. ‘The fringe is of a somewhat purer pink tinge at base,
“outwardly paler.

June, 1905.

214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hind wing pale yellowish, faintly tinged with pink, quite markedly
so beyond a rather indefinite, incomplete, blackish mesial shade, fringe
concolorous, paler outwardly. Beneath fore wing pink along costa and at
apex, fading into a more yellowish tint towards inner angle. Yellowish
along inner margin, blackish-fuscous centrally. The outlines of the Y
mark can be discerned, though faintly. Hind wing yellowish, overcast
with pink along costa and to a lesser degree along outer margin. Head,
thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Palpi yellowish-white,
slightly dusky outwardly. Thorax, legs and abdomen yellowish-white.

Type, 1 ¢, Southern Arizona.

Heterocampa Wymola, n, sp.—Expanse, 33 mm.

Fore wings from costa to median vein and narrow bands along outer
and inner margins shades of light and dark gray, remainder of wing a duli
brassy-yellow. Veins darkened with black scales. A dark apical patch
running from apex to median vein, preceded by patch of lighter gray than
rest of costal area. The gray on inner margin darker than on costal or
outer margins. Only faint fragmentary indications of transverse lines can
be made out. A narrow discal bar is in evidence in the male, doubtfully
so in the female. A rather faint narrow marginal dusky shade. Fringe
concolorous, darker outwardly and at ends of veins and with a well-
marked black line at base. Hind wing of ¢ almost white, showing very
slightly fuscous under lens. Of 2 fuscous outwardly, with faint dusky
mesial band. .

Beneath fore wings dusky, lighter centrally .and along outer margin.
Hind wings in 2? paler, fuscous along costa and outer margin. In ¢ as
above. Fringe of both wings concolorous, with scalloped basal black
line and black dashes through fringe at ends of veins. Head and thorax
rather dark gray, the latter posteriorly and edges of patagia somewhat
darker. Some metallic tipped-scales on thorax and patagia, especially at
their posterior parts. Abdomen yellowish-fuscous above and _ below.
Thorax and legs gray. Tarsi checkered black and gray. Palpi smoky-
brown, gray at tip. Antenne gray above, yellow beneath, bipectinate
in ¢ almost to tip; in 9 serrate.

Types ¢ and @, Pinal Co., Arizona. From Mr. Poling.
Thyridopteryx Alcora, 0. sp.—Expanse, 25 mm.

Head, thorax and abdomen jet black. Wings hyaline, very sparsely
coated with black scales. Costal edge narrowly black, somewhat broader
beyond cell before apex. Subcostal and median veins as far as end of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ny

or

cell not covered with blackish scales, in the specimen before me thus
appearing of a very pale yellowish tint, with their inner margins narrowly
brownish-black. Secondaries along costal and inner margins quite thickly
coated with blackish scales and hairs, but much wider along the latter
Beneath as above. Antenne brownish-black.

Type, 1 g. Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, August 24th. Received
from Mr. Poling.

Triprocis Yampai, n. sp.—Expanse, 19 mm.

Antenne, head, thorax, base and tip of abdomen black. Collar
superiorly and remainder of abdomen, dorsally and at sides, bright red.
Fore wings ‘dull brownish-black, with faint blackish lustre in certain lights.
Thinly scaled. Beneath, head, thorax, legs and a broad band through
centre of abdomen, black. Wings as above.

Types, ¢ and 2. Babaquivere Mts., Ariz. Received from Mr.
O. C. Poling.

Limacodes Oropeso, n. sp.—Expanse, 15 mm.

Ground colour a rather dark, blackish-brown, hind wings possibly a
trifle paler. Head, thorax and fringe concolorous. Slightly paler at base
of fringe, which also shows a very faint checkering under the lens. On
fore wings there is a prominent white band, extending from just before
apex to inner margin. This band is somewhat more prominent in some
specimens than in others. In general it is broadest in the middle of the
wing and dwindles almost or entirely out before reaching inner margin and
to a less extent also before reaching costa. The outer border of the band,
while it presents a rather even course, is somewhat jagged from the out-
ward projections of the white scales along the veins. The inner margin is
more itregular, being encroached on by the ground colour, especially
opposite cell. There are usually two or three small patches of ground
colour included in the broadest portion of the band below median vein.
With the lens can be seen a light frosting of the wing with white scales
beyond the band.

Beneath somewhat paler than above. On costa just before apex
there is a fairly distinct patch paler than the ground colour, to the inner
side of which the wing is slightly darkened. In just the right light, with a
lens, the light patch is seen to be the inception of a much fainter light sub-
marginal band, common to both wings, and the fringe can be seen to be
faintly checkered. The body parts beneath are concolorous and the
antennz only a shade paler,

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Types, Yuma Co., Anzona, March. Cochise Co., Arizona.

I am under great obligations to Prof. J. B. Smith for more perfect
specimens of this interesting species than those I already possessed. I
am rather inclined to think this species may form the type of a new genus,
but prefer to place it here provisionally,-leaving its final disposition to
someone more competent than myself to examine it structurally.

Coccus luzena, Nn. sp.—Expanse, 24 mm.

Head, collar, patagia, thorax and fore wings evenly gray. Inner half ©
of fore wing quite thickly covered with transverse blackish strigz. In the
outer half these have a tendency to be more reticulated. A rather heavy
black band from middle of costa downward and outward, dividing into
two or three prongs just before reaching inner margin. Two similar
though less heavy lines leave costa between inception of median line and
apex. These unite and proceed as a single line for a short distance and
then divide into two or three branches just before reaching inner angle.

Hind wings gray with a somewhat reddish-brown tinge. Beneath
fore wings gray, somewhat reddish-brown centrally, hind wings gray, both
wings reticulated with black, the inception of these on costa of fore wings
being especially pronounced. Thorax gray, abdomen greasy, but appar-
ently gray. Legs gray, tarsi banded with black.

Type, 1 9. Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

ON THE SPECIFIC VALIDITY OF INCISALIA HENRICI. |
BY JOHN H. COOK, ALBANY, N. Y.

For many years I have collected diurnal Lepidoptera in the neigh-
bourhood of Albany, N. Y., making a special study of established
varieties, sports, and minor vatieties within the species.

Among the ZLycentde the forms which have proved of greatest
interest from this point of view are those embraced in the genus Zncisa/ia;
Z. irus in particular has afforded abundant material for investigation, and
long ago I was enabled to recognize several tendencies in the distribution
of colour over both the wings and body, which made it possible to
separate this species into groups or form-series. These variations
appeared ia both sexes, and, as it then seemed, without any indication of
tendencies peculiar to either. As an illustration of the danger accom-
panying the unqualified acceptance of a generalization, I may state that,
after having satisfied myself with regard to the character of the discal
stigma of the male, I made use of this as a criterion of sex.

June, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217

In May, 1904, my brother, Mr. Harry Cook, called my attention to
the fact that some of the males (as proclaimed by the genitalia) were
without the stigma. As many specimens were taken as the lateness and
unfavourableness of the season permitted, and all the material collected in
former years was again carefully sexed. This resulted in a complete
readjustment of the previously accepted form-series, and brought order
out of chaos (at least among the males).

Correlated iz every instance with the absence of the discal stigma are
characters which clearly distinguish these males from typical ivus. The
most striking are: (1) the uniform blackish-brown of the basal half of the
secondaries beneath ; (2) the definiteness of the boundary of this area
and its almost equal projection between the median nervules {in érus this
projection is constantly greater between the second and third than between
the first and second) ; (3) the continuity of the extramesial line running
from the costal margin of the primaries—under surface—to the first
median nervule (in zrvus this is represented by a series of short dashes
between the nervules, which, being at different distances from the outer
margin, give the appearance of a much broken or crenulate line). I
moreover failed to find any androconia at all on the individuals without
the stigma. There are other differences between the two series quite as
noticeable, but not constant enough to serve as distinguishing characters.

On a basis of the three constant and best differentiated characters of
the males, the females were separated very satisfactorily, and in their turn
exhibited correlative differences of minor importance.

The above generalizations are made from sixty-three specimens.

It is to be noted that the series thus removed from JZ. irus agrees in
detail with the description of 7. Henrici, as published by Grote and
Robinson in 1867 (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., L, 174). Scudder has sunk
flenrici as a synonym ; Dyar retains the name, regarding the forms as
distinct.

The original description fails to mention the stigma, although it seems
reasonable to believe that the absence of so obvious a mark would have
attracted the attention of two such experienced observers as the authors,
especially since its absence from the ? of another species is remarked in
the same paper (p. 173).

Edwards, who bred what he thought to be a /enrici (Papilio, L.,
150-152)—the descrvption of the early stages of which has since passed,
with many, for a description of the early stages of zrws—was certainly

218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

unaware of such a distinction, and his statements here and in the

American Naturalist (XVI., p. 173) may refer to either Henrici or irus.
Holland mentions the rusty suffusion of the upper surface as one

point of distinction, and figures a well suffused 9. This character is

thoroughly unreliable because inconstant, relative and balanced by
similar suffused individuals of zrus. Nevertheless, it has been used as a
criterion by many, and there is a specimen in the collection of the late
J. A. Lintner labelled Z? rus, var. Henrici, which is an undoubted ¢
rus. ,

The characters, then, separating the two series seem to be of
sufficient importance to warrant their recognition as distinct species, at
least until the test of breeding can be applied. I have been unable to
discover any difference in the genitalia, but this fact hardly militates
against the position taken, as one needs a long series and a good
imagination to discriminate between the genitalia of any of the recognized
species of this genus.

The earliest record of the capture in this vicinity of Z. Henrici which
I have is May 28, 1890.

A NEW SPECIES OF BUCCULATRIX.
BY MARY E. MURTFELDT, KIRKWOOD, MO.

Bucculatrix Ainsliella, n. sp.—Antenne about three fifths the length
of the fore wings, annulated in‘dusky brown and dull yellow. Eye caps
golden white, expanded. Apical tuft long, projecting forward, dark brown
in centre, shading outwardly to dingy white. Face satiny cream white.
Thorax cream white, more or less dusky, overlaid with dark brown scales,
with small but distinct dark brown spot on centre of dorsum, two rather
narrow marks of same colour forming a triangle or open V on posterior
joint, back of which is a silvery white band. Forewings: ground colour
shining cream white, more or less obscured by dark brown scales, which
in some lights exhibit purplish reflections. The pattern, which, though less
deeply shaded in some specimens than in others, is quite unvarying, con-
sists of a dark brown longitudinal band from the base along the costa,
gradually broadening and intensifying to the apical third, where it narrows
and curves backward, leaving the anterior margin to the apex merely
speckled with the dark scales. The inner margin to beyond the middle is

but sparsely irrorate with brown, but has, just below the cell, a conspicu.
June, 1995.

-

’

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219

ous purple brown spot curved on its upper edge, but straight on the
margin of the wing, so that when the wings are closed it presents the
appearance of a broad oval patch, one half of which is on one wing and
the other half on the other. Fringes corresponding in colour and
suffusion with the body of the wing. Hind wings pale silvery gray, the
fringe tinged with brown. Abdomen iridescent gray, terminating in pale
brown tuft. Tuibize of posterior legs clothed with long buff-coloured hairs.

Alar expanse from 7 to 8 mm. The pupz are sooty black, and
before the moths issue are protruded about two-thirds of their length from
the cocoons. Described from numerous bred specimens. I have great
pleasure in naming this pretty species after Mr. Charles N. Ainslie, of
Rochester, Minnesota, from whom I received the cocoons early in the
winter, indirectly through the kindness of Prof. Webster, and later by a
consignment direct from Mr. Ainslie. The cocoons are white, and about
the size of those of the Ribbed Cocoon-maker of the apple (Bucculatrix
pomifoliella, Clem.), which, though somewhat less distinctly ridged, they
quite closely resemble.

‘These cocoons,” Mr. Ainslie writes, “ are everywhere this winter,

but most plentiful in woods, attached, as you see, to leaves and to moss
sete and grass blades at the base of the trees—the black oaks seeming to
have more on and around them than other trees.”

Some of the leaves received from my correspondent had attachea—
generally to the under surfaces—crowded groups of from twenty to thirty
cocoons, and on many of the grass blades were double rows from one and
one-half to two inches in length.

The past year seems to have been the first in which this insect
attracted attention, but occurring in such numbers, it is not impossible
that it may become seriously injurious. Mr. Ainslie informs me that he
has bred five distinct parasites from the cocoons, but as yet these are in
too small a proportion to the host insects to act as much of a check upon
them.

The Bucculatrix above described was submitted to Mr. August Busck
for identification, and was by him pronounced distinct from any species in
the collection of the National Museum, and he therefore advised the pub-
lication of a description,

220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
BRITISH COLUMBIA BRANCH.

It is with much gratification that we announce the formation of the
British Columbia Branch of our Society, which has been accomplished by
the affiliation with it of the British Columbia Entomological Society. The
Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Wellington, is the President, and Mr. R. V. Harvey,
the Queen’s School, Vancouver, Secretary-Treasurer. Regular quarterly
meetings are held and eighteen members have thus far been enrolled.
With such a goodly band of enthusiastic and experienced entomologists
the new Branch ought to grow and’prosper and do much efficient work
for the furtherance of this department of science in the western Province
of the Dominion of Canada. '

MONTREAL BRANCH.

The thirty-second annual meeting of the Montreal Branch was held
in the Natural History rooms on Monday, May 8th, at which 16 persons
were present.

The Council, Librarian and Curator, and Secretary-Treasurer, sub-
mitted reports showing that the Society had made progress during the
past year.

The following officers were elected: President, A. E. Norris ; Vice-
President, Geo. A. Moore ; Secretary-Treasurer, A. F. Winn, 247 Elgin
Avenue, Westmount ; Librarian and Curator, Charles Stevenson ; Council,
E. Denny, L. Gibb, H. H. Lyman, G. Chagnon.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS.

Mrs. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLosson, from 23rd Street to 83 Irving
Place, New York.

Pror. F. M. Wessrer, from Urbana, Ill, to U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Mr. W. D. Kearrotr wishes all mail matter to be addressed to him
at Montclair, N. J., not Liberty St., New York.

ERRATA.— Page 185, May No., 8th line from top read “pup” instead
of “pap”; 18th line from top read “find any description of the larval
stage of Delphastus pusillus, Lec.” instead of “find any description of
Delphastus pusillus, Lec.”

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T.

BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA., N.-W. T.
(Continued from page 134.) :

(339. Leucania anteroclara).—Specific characters in this genus are
often by no means strongly marked, and though they may be on the whole
fairly constant, are, as Prof. Smith expresses it in the “ Revision,” hard to
locate in words. Anteroc/ara seems to be, at any rate, a pretty well
marked form, but when its range of variation in this locality is known,
specimens are to be found closely approximating no less than six different
species, or, at any rate, forms standing under six different specific names,
viz.: commoides, multilinea (Calgary form), phragmitidicola, Calgariana,
farda and roseola. 1 have good series of all of these except farcta, and
have made very careful comparisons. It is only the very darkest spect-

- mens, and most of those 2 9, that are really at all like commoides, but the

darkest streakings are never really black as in that species, the upper
margin of median vein not dark bordered, and the secondaries never as
dark either. From eastern mu/ti/inea the darker secondaries separate it
at once, and the differences from what I call the Calgary form of that
species are discussed under that head. Viewed as a series, it is less like
phragmitidicola than Prof. Smith’s comparisons had led me to suppose.
Of this I have critically examined about a hundred specimens from various
parts of the continent, including a few from Texas, a 2? from Aweme, Man.,
and another from Utah. The dark bordering above median vein men-
tioned in the “ Revision” I find rarely prominent, frequently lacking, and
with the exception of the pale median vein and the dark bordering below
it, this species is as a whole more even in colour and not more streaky than
some of my darkest anteroclara. Anteroclara varies from pale luteous, or
creamy-yellow to a pale oak-brown. Phragmitidicola has much the same
shade as a base, but is always washed throughout with a faint, uniform, pale
brick-red or fawn-brown, which anteroc/ara lacks, and has usually a sparse ~
sprinkling of blackish or dark grayish scales as well. The t. p. line in
anteroclara when present is reduced to dots on veins 2 and 5, but very
occasionally faintly traceable throughout. In phragmitidicola it is more
often traceable by dots about equally prominent on veins 1 to 6, but may
occasionally in the very palest specimens, which seem to come very near
farcta, be obsolete. The secondaries in phragmitidico/a are much whiter

than in anteroc/ara, and are more like the local form of mu/ti/inea, but if
June, 1905.

to
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

anything with less of a smoky border and have a more silky vestiture.
The nearest point from which I have seen phragmitidicola is Aweme, Man.,
Mr. Criddle having kindly lent me a @ from that locality. Though paler

than the average run of the species, it is pretty well matched with a Texas
specimen, as well as with one from New Brighton, Pa., and fits into the
series without question. Notwithstanding Prof. Smith’s suggestion of a
local form, I believe that they are really distinct. Of farcta I have seen
but two specimens that fit the description in the “ Revision,” and both are
from California. One is too poor to be of value for comparison. The
other, in the collection of Mr. Merrick, is more like a very pale phragmt-
tidicola than any anteroclara, but lacks the dark shading to median vein.
Farcta is the name under which I used formerly to send out azteroclara.
Antersclara is recorded also from Wyoming, Colorado and Oregon.
Vancouver is also mentioned on page 174 of the “ Revision,” not under
the description.

340. LZ. Calgariana, Smith.—Rare. Described from here. The
type is at Washington. Probably only a variety of anteroclara, which it
exactly resembles, with the addition of a rich reddish tinge throughout.
In the absence of any real intergrades, however, it must still be treated
separately until proved the same by breeding. From pAragmitidicola
it differs, as does anteroclara, by the less even coloration and
darker secondaries, and the less prominent dark shading below:
median vein. I have compared a good series of roseola from Kaslo, B.
C., and other places west of the Rockies, and they differ from Calgariana
in having paler secondaries, being less streaky, and lacking the dark
shading beneath median vein. In his Kootenai list, however, Dr. Dyar
says that some of the darkest Kaslo forms have a faint dark shade here,
but “are all far less brightly marked than the types of Ca/gariana and can-
not be confused with it.” The reddest specimen I have seen comes from
Victoria, B. C., and is much redder than most of my Ca/gariana, but is
less streaky; in other words, more even in colour. Another specimen,
from Vancouver Island, has a distinct dark shading, not below, but above
and beyond median vein. Both these latter specimens are in the collec-
tion of Mr. F. A. Merrick. Although all the voseo/a I have seen lack the
slight grayish powdering and conspicuously pale but dark bordered median
vein of phragmitidicola, besides being different in tint, I am inclined to
consider the form a nearer ally of that species than of amnteroclara or
Calgariana,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

bh
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341. Himella infidelis, Dyar? (Can. Ent.. XXXVI, p 32, Feb., 1904),
—A 6, taken by Mr. T. N. Willing at Lethbridge, Alta., on July rrth,
1904, in perfect condition, Prof. Smith tells me is probably this species.
Infidelis was described from Kaslo, B. Ge and from Turtle Mts., North
Dakota, and stated to be ‘‘between contrahens, Walk., and conar, Streck.,
with the discal spots of the former, and the diversified ground colour of
the latter.” I have the same species from Regina, Assa.

342. Teniocampa subterminata, Smith. Common. End April and
early May. At sallows. The usual colour here is a slightly reddish ashen-

gray, and though the species varies to a deep brown-red, the ashen-gray
ground is seldom entirely obliterated. It was a surprise to me to find
recently that this species had formerly been confused with a/ia. The two
are, with rare exceptions, so unlike, that comparison seems almost superflu-
ous, but one of the chief differences by which they seem to be generally
known is not quite constant. Under the description its author states that
whilst in adéa the s. t. line is preceded, in subterminata it is followed by a
darker shade. This is quite correct in the main, but the darker shade,
‘which is a mere bordering to thes. t. line, is occasionally absent in both
species, though, of the two, less frequently in aa. As a matter of fact, a
‘constant character to separate them is hard to find, though the difference
“In appearance is obvious enough. A/a has never the even ashen-gray
ground so common to the present species, and though a dark gray ground
may sometimes exist, there seems to be invariably a distinct mottling or
peppering throughout of red, ochreous, and brown colours, present in
subterminata only as a shading. Sir George Hampson has had the species
from me, and says that it is synonymous with revicta, Morr., though
the type of that species does not appear to be in the British Museum.
Prof. Smith had never seen vevicta that he recognized up to the date of
publication of his Catalogue. I have seen a copy of the original descrip-
tion of revicta, and with a long series of Calgary sudterminata before me,
‘can easily believe that a certain combination of the ordinary variation of
‘several characters occurs, which fits it in every detail. The most
important character of revicta is stated to be the black subterminal line.
In subterminata the dark posterior shade bordering the s. t. line is some-
times distinctly black (though not necessarily, as stated in the description,
in the darkest specimens), and-in one of my examples, while the black
bordering is very conspicuous, the pale line itself is almost obsolete,

224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

343. Z. alia, Gn.—-Common. End April and early May. Sallows.
Prof. Smith states in his Revision concerning a/7a: “ It is a very constant
species.” Compared with its European congener and near ally, zxcerta, it
most assuredly is, but in this district at any rate the variation is consider-

able. Judging from specimens received from Wellington, B. C., and from
Cartwright and Aweme, Man., supposed to be authentic, I probably have
true pacifica at Calgary, but so far I have quite failed to draw any line
between them, though I tried hard to separate my local series into two
species before I had any idea what facifica was like. The original
description of the latter says that it “differs by its thinner squamation, its
more obscure tint, and the narrower black-filled reniform..... In size the
species is like 7: a/ia, while the ornamentation is very similar.” In his
Revision, Prof. Smith says: ‘A4/za is less robust, the thoracic clothing less
dense, while the wings are apparently more heavily clothed with scales,”
whilst he separates them tabularly in giving an even s. t. Jine as charac-
teristic of pacifica, and a sinuate one of a/ta._ He says also, “ pactfica is
difficult to separate from a/a on colour characters.” I have a series of
alia from Chicago which are not separable from the common form
occurring here. The two ¢ ¢ sent me by Dr. Fletcher from Wellington,
B. C., as facifica, and stated to have been carefully compared with
specimens named by Prof. Smith, seem perhaps to have very slightly
denser thoracic vestiture, but except that one of them is of a much richer
red, I cannot see that they differ specifically from some of the darkest of
the Calgary series, some of which have just as even a subterminal line.
The Manitoba specimens fit into the same series, which I cannot divide
into two by colour, s. t. line, or any other character or combination of
characters. If two species really exist, it would seem that they require
placing on a firmer basis than at present.

344. Stretchia plusiiformis, Hy. Edw.—Very rare. Light. I have
a g without abdomen, dated April 25th, 1894, and a ¢, May rst, 1895.
It has not been seen here since the latter year.

345. Cleoceris populi, Strk.—The larve appear to be common,
though local, on Populus deltoidea or P. balsamifera, | am not sure
which. ‘They spin leaves together as a hiding-place for the daytime. I
have bred a considerable number, and find that the variation is enormous.
I have nothing nearly as white as Dr. Holland’s figure, but the colour
varies from a pale bluish ashen-gray without contrasts to dark blackish
gray, with still darker lines, bands or blotches across the inner half of the

q

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225

wing. With the exception of one specimen, taken at light, there are
always very distinct shades of olive green or brown of varying intensity on
different parts of the wing and on the collar. In some specimens a broad
central band of rich olive brown is the most conspicuous mark. Pupation
commenced during 1904 on June 25th. The duration of emergence
seems short, and all my specimens, numbering nearly sixty, emerged,
usually between 4 and g p.m., between July 30th and Aug. 4th. In 1902,
the only other time I have bred it, the few I had hatched in about the
same time, but a week later. Only two specimens have been taken
besides those bred, at light, Aug. 16th and Sept. 27th, 1903. Both are in
perfect condition, and that taken on the earlier date is normal. The Sept.
27th specimen shows such very slight traces of the olive shading that I at
first overlooked the existence of any, and felt sure it was a different
species. However, it agrees in every other detail with specimens subse-
quently bred. An attempt to bleach out the olive shade from bred speci-
mens by long exposure to sunlight has failed, but it may be that exposure
to the weather when alive may have this effect. The apparent retiring
habits of the insect would account for its otherwise good condition at so
late a date.

346. Lithomota germana, Morr.—An extreme rarity until 1903 and

1904, during which seasons it has been common at treacle. Middle Aug.
and Sept.

347. Aylina amanda, Smith.—Rare at sallow blossoms. End April
and early May. I formerly had this as petudca, but it is not compared
with that species (ségnosa) in the description. Described partly from
Calgary material, and appears to be widely distributed over the continent,
The type is from Winnipeg, and is at Washington. The figure given with
the description in Prof. Smith’s Revision of Xylina (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
XXVII., pp. 1-46, Aug., 1900), gives a good idea of the species, though
the left wings of that specimen are in a bad light. I have the same
species from Aweme, Man., sent me as contenta, but not agreeing with
figure or description of that in the Revision.

348. X. fagina, Morr.2—A 4, taken by Mr. Gregson at Lacombe,
Alta., on September rst, 1900, has been doubtfully so referred by Prof.
Smith, who writes: “‘ A specimen from Cartwright, Man., is intermediate
between this and normal fagiza. Iam not so certain that this will not
prove new when plenty of material is at hand.” He had _ seen the speci-
men before and labelled it “ Ao/ocinerea ?” A similar 2 was taken here

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

T

on Sept. 6th, 1904. ‘They differ from anything else in my collection, and
seem to agree with the figure and description of fagiva in the Revision.

349. X. Oregonensis, Harv.—Prof. Smith says he has a specimen of
this species in his collection which comes from me. I have a Calgary
specimen dated April 23rd, 189s, which stood for years in my collection
as Georgii,a name I have certainly had given me, though not to that
specimen, which, judging from the description in the Revision, is probably
Oregonensis. However, it seems that of the older species, emarginata,
holocinerea, Georgi, puella and Oregonensis, are all very much alike, and
to these I believe may now be added fletcheri, ancilla and vertina.
ffolocinerea should occur at Calgary, as Winnipeg, Man., and “N. W.
British Columbia” are amongst its original localities. I have a Manitoba
series received as Georgii and holocinerea which I cannot separate into
two species, nor distinguish from my Calgary specimen. The shape of
the orbicular would seem to be an unsafe guide in separating species in this
group, as I notice it often varies considerably in the two wings of the
same specimen.

350. X. ancilla, Smith.—(Psyche, June, 1904, p. 57). Described
from Calgary, Cartwright, Man, and Wellington, B. C. The ¢ type
is from Cartwright, and the 9 from Wellington. The Calgary specimen
is a 2 co-type in my own collection, dated Sept. 18th, 1899, and I have
one other Calgary 9, Sept. 18th, 1898, anda similar specimen from
Cartwright, Man. The description says: ‘ Allied to Oregonensis, Harv.,
but of a very dark blue gray, with much less contrast, and inconspicuous
maculation. The scant material indicates a considerable range of varia-
tion, and that the more uniform examples may be confused with
well-marked Georgii or holocinerea.”’ My three specimens look distinct
from anything else here listed.

351. X. pexata, Grt.—A single specimen dated April 29th, 1895, has
been thus named by Prof. Smith, and is not unlike his and Dr. Holland’s
figures of that species. It has lost an abdomen and both hind wings in
the mails.

352. Litholomia napea, Morr.—Common. Sept. to early Oct., and
after hibernation from March 29th to May 30th. ‘The first noctuid seen
in the spring.

353. Calocampa curvimacula, Morr.—Two specimens at treacle,
Sept. 27th, 1903, and one more the following fall.

354. C. nupera, Lint.—Rare. I have records (except during the
winter) for every month except July.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227

355. C. cineritia, Grt.—Common. Sept. (treacle) to early May
(sallows). Also at light. Rather a variable species, and I think I have
both the forms referred to and figured by Dr. Ottolengui in Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., X., pp. 77 and 78, and Pl. X. (June, 1902).

356. Cucullia montane, Grt.—Six or seven specimens, July,
apparently all in 1899. Typical form according to Prof. Smith.

357. C. similaris, Smith._—A single ¢, taken by Mr. C. Garrett, on
Fallen Timber Creek, about 20 miles west of Didsbury, Alta., is
apparently distinct from anything in my collection, and has been named
by Prof. Smith “ s¢mz/aris, paler than typical and with less yellow.” In
maculation the specimen resembles montane almost exactly, but the
colour of primaries is much more like ivd@icta.

358. C. indicta, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXVI., 154, June, 1904).
Described from here. The @ type is in Prof. Smith’s collection, and,
unless my notes err, bears label, ‘‘ Head of Pine Creek, July 29th, 1896,”
which means-that it was taken not far from my house, at about the western
limit of the prairies. The ¢ type is in my own, and was taken in the
true foothills on Sheep Creek, and about twenty miles nearer the moun-
tains. Another Pine Creek 9 is dated July 21st, t903. I had held this
species as probable /orea, whilst believing my /orea to be either a form of
asteroides or a new species. ‘The discoidal spots are even less evident
than in my Zostera, the mark at anal angle is not so distinct, and there is
an entire absenc of any reddish brown shading, or obviously darker costal
margin. My @ has a dark smoky suffusion throughout. I considered it
identical with the ¢ type, but without Prof. Smith’s opinion I felt doubtful
as to whether the ~ was of the same species, The description says:
“«The relation is with fostera, but all the brown has disappeared, and the
maculation is almost gone with it.”

359. ©. postera, Gn.—Rare. Middle July to middle Aug. I have
eight specimens in my collection which I believe to be referable to this
name, though all but two are more or less worn or defective. A perfect
¢@ and rather worn 2 have been returned as fostera by Prof. Smith.
It resembles asterotdes, which I have from Chicago and Columbus, Ohio,
as to the primaries, but the maculation is as a rule less distinct, and the
secondaries are smoky throughout instead of pure white in the basal half
or two-thirds. It might easily be confused with florea.

360. C. florea, Gn.—Not common as arule, but over thirty specimens
were taken during 1903. At light, and “hawking” at flowers at dusk,

228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Middle June to early Aug. The comparative frequency of this species
during 1903 has at last enabled me, with Prof. Smith’s aid, to arrive at
something like a satisfactory conclusion in what has for years past seemed
a matter unapproachable from lack of material. Prof. Smith had seen a
few specimens from me on more than one occasion, and had designated
different individuals, but doubtfully, as montane and asteroides, but
expressed the opinion that all the specimens might after all be of one and
an undescribed species. He had, however, already named true montane
for me, which.is totally different in colour, with the ground extremely
pale, scarcely bluish, and contrasting strongly with the sienna-brown costa
and inner margin, and with what I should call a sienna tint throughout.
During the winter of 1903-4 I received the species as florea from Mr. E.
F. Heath, of Cartwright, Man., who stated that it was common with him,
and that he had repeatedly sent it out as fovea unchallenged. I rejected
the name, pointing out to him that the description of /orea in Prof. Smith’s
“Revision of Cucullia” (Proc. U.S. Nat.. Mus., XV., 44, 1892) said
“ Primaries......without red or brown shades.” It was this and “the
costa hardly darker” which had caused me to label my zvdicta tentatively
as florea. I called Prof. Smith’s attention to the fact, at the same time
sending him a series of Calgary specimens. He wrote: “It is a question »
of colour estimates. Closely analyzed, you are correct ; but in florea the
general ground is so much darker (7. ¢., than in postera and asteroides) that
the reddish shading is not so obvious. I admit, however, that I would
not have written as I did with the series I have now.” The species is
nearer to postera than anything else I have, but the ground is darker as a
rule, and the maculation much more distinct. In fostera the dark costal
shade does not diffuse itself below the subcostal vein, as it usually does in
florea, especially between the discoidals and near the apex. JS /orea
resembles asterozdes in this respect. I do not refer to the paler reddish
shade, which in all three species extends to the median vein. In pale
specimens of florea, if the discoidal spots are not distinct, the resemblance
is close to fostera with the maculation very well marked, and worn speci-
mens are almost impossible to separate. My dates for the two.would seem
to show that florea appears a little earlier than fostera, and this, as well as
the entire absence of fostera during 1903, when florea was common,
supports my belief that the two series in my collection are distinct. As to

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 229

the primaries, asteroides, in colour and distinctness of maculation, is about
intermediate between the two, but is sharply distinct from both by having
white secondaries in basal half at Jeast. I have specimens which I don’t
think I could separate from either by primaries alone. In the most
postera-like specimens of asteroides, 7. ¢., with the maculation indistinct, if
there is a tendency towards the lightening of the costa and reddish shade
as well, the resemblance is to z#d@zcfa. Specific characters in this genus
are often slight, and I am very glad to have at last succeeded in procuring
a good long series—about 50 specimens—of florea for a basis for study in
this group.

361. C. Speyeri, Lint.—A single 9, dated July 24th, 1898, answers
to the description in Prof. Smith’s Revision, and is very like Dr. Holland’s
figure of the species. I havea similar ¢ from Volga, S. Dak.

362. C. intermedia, Speyer.—Rather rare. Middle June and July.
I have specimens that have been named both éztermedia and cinderella
by Prof. Smith, but am quite unable to distinguish between them.
Examples from Manitoba, Ontario and Massachusetts do not in any way
differ from average Calgary specimens. In a few of the loca! series, how-
ever, there isa slight tendency for the secondaries to become whitish
basally. Sir George Hampson’s note on specimens I sent him was;
** New to us, but I think = Speyeri, Lint.” It is not the same as the
preceding species.

363. Rancora albicinerea, Smith —(Can. Ent., XXXV., 137, May,
1903). Described partly from Calgary material, partly from Manitoba.
The type is from Calgary, and is at Rutger’s College. A few specimens
were taken at sallow blossoms between April 24th and May sth, 1895, and
{ fancy only one or two have been seen since. I havea ¢ andtwo ? ?,
all slightly defective, but not a bit rubbed. Prof. Smith originally named
this species strigata for me. By the primaries I should certainly have
taken Dr. Holland’s figure of so/idagints for my species, but it is of a ?>
and in al/bicinerea ? the secondaries are rather dark smoky, and in the ¢
darker than in that figure.

364. Wonagria subflava, Grt.—A single 2 taken by Mr. Hudson on
the edge of Red Deer Lake (between Fish Creek and Pine Creek), on
Aug. 6th, tgor, unfortunately spoilt in the taking. I have often, both

before and since, searched in vain for signs of larvae of Nonagrias in reeds
June, 1905.

230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and the larger grasses. I don’t think Zypa grows here at all. I
certainly never saw it.

365. Lapinostola orientalis, Grt.—Two ¢ ¢ at light, Sept. 3rd and
5th, 1904. “ Darker than usual,” according to Prof. Smith. -

366. Hydrecia Americana, Speyer.—Fairly common at treacle. Aug.
and Sept. I have specimens with the reniform both white and orange,
but do not know to which of the varieties described by Prof. Smith they
should be referred.

367. HH. medialis, Smith—Rare. Middle Aug. to early Oct.
Treacle, light, and sometimes disturbed from hay-cocks, etc., in daytime.
Mr. H. H. Lyman states (Can. Ent., XXXVIL., 30) that a ‘Calgary speci-
men in the British Museum is the form named pad/escens by Prof. Smith.
I have not seen Prof. Smith’s Monograph of Hydroecia, but note that Dr.
Dyar does not list the two names as distinct. My six specimens show
considerable variation in shade of colour, but I have never suspected two
species.

368. Papaipema impecuniosa, Grt.—Two 2 ¢ and a 9, bred from
larve found feeding in stems of Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum ?),
close to the Red Deer River, about 50 miles north-east of Gleichen, in
early July, 1904. The moths emerged from 14th to 16th August. They
appear to be the same species as Dr. Holland’s, Pl. XXVL., fig. 5, which,
however, is there stated to represent zvguesita. Tue figure is declared by
Mr. C. J. Smith, in Ent. News, XV., p. 221, to be that of zmpecuniosa,
and I have since had this statement corroborated by Prof. J. B. Smith and
Dr. Dyar. A specimen from New Brighton, Pa., is slightly darker than
the local specimens.

369. Pyrrhia exprimens, Wik.—Very rare, and only taken during
two seasons, June 28th to July 12th. Treacle and flowers at dusk.

370. Xanthia flavago, Fabr. Fairly common at treacle some years.
Middle Aug. to middle Sept.

371. Cirredia pampina, Gn.—Sometimes common at treacle.
Middle July to early Sept.

372. Scoliopteryx libatrix, Linn.—Rather rare. Have taken it in
good condition at treacle in May and June, and from August until well
into the winter, at the latter season hibernating in root cellars, etc.

(To be continued).

ee

————— ee Le

er a ee =e

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231

A NEW NORTH AMERICAN TAENIORHYNCHUS.
BY C. Ss. LUDLOW, M. SC.
Laboratory of the office of the Surgeon-General, U. S. A,, Washington, D. C.

From the heart of the Sierras, in California, comes a new mosquito of
the genus Taeniorhynchus, which is here described :

Taentorhynchus Sterrensis, 0. sp.— 2. Head brown, a median line
of white curved scales extending up between the eyes, immediately followed
laterally by a patch of flat brown scales, a narrow white stripe laterad,
followed by a brown stripe, narrow white line around the eyes, white forked
and curved scales on the occiput; the general effect is of two brown sub-
median spots, and the curved scales are confined to this comparatively
narrow median line; antennz brown, and while not really banded, giving
the effect of white bands, verticels brown, pubescence white, basal joint
white scaled; palpi brown with white tips, and a narrow light band about
midway; proboscis dark brown; clypeus brown; eyes brown.

Thorax brown, with fine tomentum, resembling the “frost” on some
Anophelina, partly denuded, but sparsely covered with brown and white
curved and spindle-shaped scales, the white scales being apparently mostly
on the outer parts of the mesonotum, « ¢., cephalad, on the sides, and a
heavy median bunch just in front of the scutellum; prothoracic lobes
brown, with white curved scales; scutellum brown, such scales as remain
are white curved and spatulate; pleura brown, with heavy patches of broad
white scales; metanotum brown, nude.

Abdomen brown, with basal white lateral spots and basal white bands,
thickened on the median line, which do not always reach all the way across,
and on the penultimate segment is merely a median white spot; some
segments also narrowly apically banded, apical hairs brown; ventrally
mostly light scaled, and on the distal segments arranged so as to form
both basal and apical bands.

Legs: cox and trochanters brown, with light scales; femora dark,
slightly speckled with white scales, the dorsal sides the darker, but on the
hind legs light at the base; small white knee spot on ail the legs, a little
more pronounced on the hind legs; tibize dark, sometimes a little speckled;
metatarsi on all the legs with basal and apical light spots, which are very
faint, sometimes missing on the fore legs and develop into well-marked
basal and apical white bands on the hind legs; the fore legs are of lighter
brown and the banding often very faint or missing; rst and 2nd tarsal
joints on the hind legs with apical white bands, on mid and fore legs only

June, 1905.

232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ihe rst tarsal have apical white spots, and in the fore leg they are very
indistinct; remaining joints brown; ungues simple and equal.

Wings covered with brown typical Zaen‘orhynchus scales; 1st sub-
marginal cell nearly a haif longer and a little narrower than the 2nd pos-
terior, the stems nearly the same length; supernumerary cross-vein slightly
shorter and slightly interior of the mid cross-vein, the posterior about the
same length as mid and a little more than its own length distant; halteres
light. Length, 6 mm.

Male is very like the female; palpi nearly as long as the proboscis, the
ultimate joint small and basally white banded, the penultimate also basally
white, otherwise the organ is brown, and is not plumose. Length, 4 mm.
Habitat.—Sierra Nevada Mts., California.

Described from several specimens sent from Three Rivets (?), Cal., by
Dr. E. J. Bingham, 1st Lt., Asst. Surg., U.S.A. The thoracic scaling —
at first suggests Culex triseriatus, Say, but the abdominal marking and
the banded legs carry it away from that, and besides that the wing scales
are distinctively Zaeniorhynchus scales.

CRIOCEPHALUS OBSOLETUS, Ranp., AND ASEMUM
MCESTUM, Ha vp.

Abbé Provancher in his work on the Coleoptera of Canada, page
585, gives a brief description of an insect he calls Criocephalus obsoletus,
Rand., and adds that it is very common.

After a careful reading of his description, I have come to the con-
clusion that it can not apply to Criocephalus obsoletus, but to Asemum
mastum, a common longhorn throughout eastern Canada. C. odso/etus is
a much rarer insect in Canada, and, in fact, I have no record of its having
been captured in the Province of Quebec ; it is not even mentioned by
Mr. Harrington in his list of Ottawa Cerambycide.

The two genera are decidedly very different, and cannot be mistaken
one for the other. ‘The eyes are finely granulated and hairy in Asemum,
while the contrary is the case in Criocephalus. The antennz are also
longer in the latter genus and the body more elongate.

I found Asemum mestum in great numbers at St. Hilaire, Que., on
24th May, 1903, under the bark of pine stumps. The only specimen of
C. obsoletus 1 have comes from New Mexico—a very southern locality for
this insect. G. Cuacnon, Montreal.

Mailed June 1, 1905.

The € anadlian V.ntomologist

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, JULY, 1905. No. 7

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 7.
GRANARY INSECTS. ;
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA.

Every year, in the United States and Canada, thousands of dollars
worth of stored grain is ruined by granary insects, chiefly of three species.
These are all well known, and much has been written concerning their
habits and the methods by which they can be destroyed. Besides the
three very injurious species, the Granary Weevil, the Rice Weevil and the
Angoumois Grain Moth, which are responsible for most of the damage
done, there are a great many other kinds of insects which do serious harm
to stored grain and various other edible products. All of these insects
are spoken of popularly as ‘ weevils,” but the only true granary weevils
are the two mentioned above.

The power of granary weevils to destroy grain, when held for any
length of time-in stores or warehouses, is enormous. These insects are
not natives of North America, nor is it at all likely that they will ever
increase sufficiently in Canada, where we have such cold winters, to do
very serious injury. It is true they occasionally destroy samples or small
quantities of grain kept in heated offices or stores, but this injury cannot
compare with their ravages in hot climates, particularly in India and South
Africa. In the Southern States they do an enormous amount of damage
every year, and it has been estimated of Texas alone that there is an
annual loss of over a million dollars. Grain infested by these insects loses
in weight, is useless for seed, and is unfit for consumption by human
beings or live stock.

THE GRANARY WEEVIL (Calandra granaria, L.).

This beetie, as well as the two other insects mentioned in this short
article, has long been known as a serious enemy to stored grain. When
mature, the Granary Weevil is from an eighth to a sixth of an inch in
length, of a dark shiny mahogany brown colour, with the head prolonged
into a slender snout. Some specimens are almost wholly black. Hav.
ing no wings beneath the hard wing-cases, it is unable to fly. The eggs
are laid in minute holes, which the female beetles bore into the grain with

234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

their slender beaks. On hatching from the egg the young grub at once
begins to feed on the contents of the kernel, completes its growth and
turns to a beetle inside the same grain, which does not show any sign of
injury until the beetle emerges, when it is found that the greater part of
the inside has been consumed. In wheat and other small cereals a single
larva inhabits a grain, but a kernel of corn furnishes food for several
individuals. The mature beetles also feed upon the grain, and live for a
long time, so that in warm places where grain is kept in store for a length
of time, the injury may be considerable. In the course of a single year
it has been estimated that one pair of these weevils will produce 6,000
descendants, so it can be readily seen that they are capable in a short.
time of doing much damage.

THe Rice WeeEviIL (Calandra oryzae, L.).

This insect differs somewhat in size and general appearance from the
Granary Weevil. Unlike that species, it possesses fully-developed wings,
has two yellowish blotches on each wing-case, is slightly smaller and of a
pale brown colour. The life-history of this insect is similar to that of the
preceding species, except that in very warm climates the beetles are often
found in fields away from any granary, and in the extreme South and in
the Tropics the females lay their eggs in standing grain. The Rice
Weevil is often found injuring stored grain in company with the Granary
Weevil. r

THE ANGoUMOIS GRAIN Mora (Srfotroga cerea/ella, Ol.).

In Canada the Grain Moth has never developed sufficiently to be
considered an important enemy of stored grain. In Southern climates,
however, where it is very abundant, this insect is a bad pest. The moths’
fly from the granaries to the field and lay their eggs upon standing grain.
The eggs, or young caterpillars are thus carried with the threshed grain
into the granary, where they develop and cause great loss. The moths,
however, have not so far been recorded as laying their eggs upon standing
grain in Canada, and where damage has occurred, it has been to infested
grain which had been imported. The eggs are deposited in groups of
from 15 to 25, generally upon the under side of the grain or in the crease
ofthe kernel. They are white at first, turning pink before hatching. The
young caterpillar is a minute creature, slender, and covered with long
hair. When mature it is 2-5 of an inch in length, and of a dirty white
colour. Asarule only one larva enters each grain, but when corn is
attacked, two or three larve may be found in a single kernel. After

i |

bo
ey)
ut

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

completing its growth the caterpillar spins a thin silken cocoon, and
within this changes to a brownish pupa; in a few days later the moth
emerges. The perfect insect resembles somewhat a clothes moth. The
wings expand about half an inch, are of a satiny cream colour and bear
a few dark spdts on the fore wings, which are narrow, pointed and fringed.

The hind wings are darker and have much wider fringes.

Remedies.—When stored grain is found to be infested by one of the
above three insects, or, in fact, by any insects which are known to work in
dry cereals, it is a simple matter to destroy them. After repeated experi-
ments, it has been found that the use of bisulphide of carbon will kill all
the insects without any injury to the grain as to its wholesomeness for
food, or as to its germinating quality for seed. Bisulphide of carbon is a
colorless liquid with a very objectionable odour, which vaporizes quickly

at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere. A convenient method for
treating small quantities of infested grain, is to fill an ordinary coal-oil
barrel, which will hold about five bushels of grain, and the quantity of
bisulphide to use is one ounce to every hundred pounds of seed. The
bisulphide may be poured right on to the grain or placed in a shallow
receptacle, but care must be taken to close up the top of the barrel tightly.
This is best done with a cap made specially for the purpose, but may also
be done with fine sacks laid smoothly on the top, over which boards are
laid, with a considerable weight on them to hold the covering down close-
ly. When grain in bins is being fumigated with bisulphide of carbon, these
should be made as nearly air-tight as possible. This may be done by
pasting sheets of paper over the outside, or by covering them with

‘blankets or canvas. In tight bins the amount of bisulphide to use is a

pound to a pound and a half to the ton of grain. Some entomologists
claim that one pound of bisulphide to every too bushels of grain is
sufficient to destroy all insects, even in open bins. Infested grain should
be subjected to the fumes of bisulphide of carbon for at least 48 hours,
but as the vapour is very inflammable, no light of any kind must be
brought near and no smoking must be allowed near the building when
this chemical is being used.

In Queensland it has been found that salt (1 quart dissolved in 2
gallons of water) will prevent weevils from attacking grain which has been
sprinkled with this solution.

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME NEW OR LITILE-KNOWN BEES.—V.
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS.

Prosopis eulophi, sp. nov.— @.—Front cox simple; eyes long;
cheeks narrow; metathorax with a distinct enclosure bordered by a raised
line; dorsal segment 1 minutely punctured, without lateral white pubescent
fascize; black; flagellum testaceous bereath; pale yellow marks as follows: -
lateral face marks about equally narrowed above and below, two lines on
collar, tubercles, dot on tegule, bases of tibia, and base of hind meta-
tarsus; wings hyaline; length 5 mm.

¢ .--Resembles the female, but the flagellum is more testaceous and
the abdomen, especially dorsal segment 1, more distinctly punctured; face
narrowed nearly one-half below; scape broad; face below antennz whitish,
on the eye margin pointed as high as middle of scape; yellowish marks as
follows: anterior tibie in frant, middle and hind tibiz at base and apex,
tarsi, two lines on collar, tubercles, dot on tegule; length, 4-5 mm.

Carlinville, Illinois; 10 2, 9 ¢ specimens.

Trypetes productus, sp. nov. Trypetes barbatus, Trans. Am. Ent.
S0C:.20: B7 Tan 19035):

This does not belong to the femaie described under the name of 7:
barbatus. It can be distinguished from the male:of Z: carinatus by the
ventral segment 1 being produced to a point; shorter antenne, with joint
3 more than one-haif as long as 4; flagellum darker; clypeus more strongly
bearded. ;

Carlinvllle, [linois; 10 ¢ specimens.

Osmia collinsiea, sp. nov. Osmia major, Ent. News, £3: 79, 1902,¢.-

Evidently this insect, described from one specimen, is not the male
of O. major. tis likely to be mistaken for the male of O. atriventris.
It runs a little larger; ventral segment 2 more finely punctured, its
apical margin rather densely pubescent; hind metatarsi unarmed; length
8-10 mm.

Carlinville, Illinois; 10 ¢ specimens,

Andrena salictaria, sp. nov.i—@. In size, structure, colour and
habits this specimen closely resembles 4. ///inoensis. It is a little more
slender; scutel minutely roughened and opaque; scutel and disc of meso-

notum usually more purplish; fascia on segments 2-4 more whitish,
July, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. es.

thinner, more interrupted on 2; basal process of labrum shorter, more
rounded; second submarginal cell usually relatively shorter compared with
third.

d. Differs from the male of 4. ///:noensis by the scutel being finely
rugose and opaque, often without purplish; apex of abdomen rather pointed
and with a small tuft; ventral segment 6 not reflexed; hind tibiz and tarsi
more frequently yellowish.

Carlinville, Illinois; 39 9,47 g¢ specimens. A. L//inoensis has the
~ scutel smooth and shining. The 9 type specimen has the fasciz on seg-
ments 2-4 quite thin and white, but fresher specimens have the fasciz
more dense, more ochraceous and hardly interrupted on 2. The male of
A. Lllinoensis has the sixth ventral segment refiexed and bordered with
dense pubescence, so that the apex of the abdomen appears to be open,
the orifice densely pubescent, the apex thus bearing a great tuft.

Andrena nigra, sp. nov. Andrena Lllinoénsis form bicolor, Tr. A. S.
St. Louis 8: 46, 1898.

This is more nearly related to A. salictaria than to A. L/linoensis.
Peculiarities in its time of flight and flower visits seem to make it desir-
able to separate it as a distinct species. The name refers to Salix nigra,
the only flower on which I have found it collecting pollen. 4. //dinoensis
and sadictaria are likewise oligotropic visitors of Salix.

A NEW ROACH FROM PORTO RICO.
BY A. N. CAUDELL, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Ischnoptera adusta, n. sp.—Description—Male: Colour dark yel-
lowish, with eyes black and the disc of the pronotum slightly mottled with
fuscous and the tips of the elytra and wings fuliginous. Anterior femora
beneath on the inner margin armed on the apical two-thirds with about
ten semiequal, equidistant spines, the basal third unarmed. Subgenitai
plate roundly incised apically; apical styles long, slender rigid spines
extending about half their length beyond the apex of the subgenital plate;
cerci long, fusiform.

Length, pronotum, 3.5; elytra, 15; width pronotum, 4 mm. Type
number 8400, United States National Museum.

One male, Arroyo, Porto Rico, at light, Feb., 1899; Aug. Busck, coll.

The infuscated apices of the elytra and wings of this Roach will serve
to identify it readily, and the armature of the fore femora and the rigid
anal styles are different from most American species.

238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

OBSERVATIONS ON LAMPYRID.
BY FREDERICK KNAB, URBANA, ILL

Two species of fire-flies are abundant in western Massachusetts in
the early summer and often their display of light presents a magnificent
spectacle. These species are Photinus scintillans, Say, and Photurts
Pennsylvanica, De Geer. Photinus scintillans becomes active very early
in the evening, and long before twilight begins its orange-coloured light
may be seen flashing among the shrubbery. It is only active during the
twilight hour and some time before total darkness has set in its lights have
disappeared. This species frequents localities with abundant shrubbery,
and often congregates in certain copses or on the margin of the woods,
while other similar situations are almost deserted. Even in larger towns,
where there are gardens with shrubbery, it may often be seen in some
numbers.

The other species, Photuris Pennsylvanica, is the most abundant of
all the fire-flies. It makes its appearance in the late twilight and its dis-
play of light continues far into the night. Its light is more brilliant than
that of the first mentioned species and of a distinctly greenish colour.
This species is partial to low, moist situations, and is particularly abundant
on low meadows bordering rivers. In the time of their greatest activity,
when thousands are sending forth intermittent flashes, they offer a spec-
tacle beautiful beyond descripticn.

It occurred to the writer that the difference in the colour of light of
these two species of fire-flies might possibly be one of optical effect, rather
’ than an actual difference, While the light of Photinus scintillans appeared
bright orange and that of Photuris Pennsylvanica a pronounced green, no
comparison could be made, for the two forms do not display their light at
the same time and place. Perhaps the light of VPhotinus scintillans
appeared orange simply in contrast with the bright green of the vegetation,
still plainly visible at the time of the beetle’s appearance, and, indeed,
then of a more pronounced colour than under the strong light of full day.
This supposition was strengthened by the fact that when one of these
insects was brought into the yellow light of a kerosene lamp, its own light,
by contrast, appeared of the characteristic phosphorescent greenish colour.
One evening specimens of both species were secured and, in complete

darkness, were with some difficulty induced to emit their light simultane-
ously. It was then seen that the light of the two species is very much
alike and of a greenish colour, that of Photuris Pennsylvanica being of a
slightly stronger green.

July, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239

I cannot leave this subject without some mention of that interesting
form, Phengodes. A few years ago the writer found alarvaof Phengodes
plumosa under a stone near Mount Tom, Massachusetts. It emitted light,
of a brilliant blue colour at the sides of the body segments. Apparently
both the larva and the larviform female of some of the tropical species of
Phengodes and related genera emit light of two colours, as has been
reported by a considerable number of observers. In these forms the
head, or the region immediately behind it, glows in a brilliant red light,
while points along the body segments shine in a white, yellow, green or
blue light. Some of these forms are certainly the larviform females, but it
seems that the larva also emits exactly the same kinds of light. The
reader will find a most interesting account of these luminous forms, accom-
panied by many bibliographical references, in a paper by Dr. Erich Haase
in Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, vol. 32, p. 145-167. The forms found
in North America appear to be rare, or at least very local, and our
knowledge of them is still very incomplete. It is to be hoped that observ-
ers will take every opportunity to make observations on these remarkable
forms. Gondot (Revue Zool., 1843, p. 17) states that the male Phen-
godes also is brilliantly luminous, and Haase asserts that the male of his
Phengodes hieronymi emits a greenish light from the under side of the
abdomen. The only male of Phengodes plumosa which the writer has
seen alive certainly gave forth no trace of light, though this does not prove
that it may not be luminous at certain times. This specimen was cap-
tured at twilight, near Holyoke, Mass., as it flew rapidly across.a road
through the woods. ‘The date of capture, May 3oth, is at variance with
the observation of Thomas Say, published in the Boston Journal of
Natural History, vol. 1, p. 157. Under Phengodes plumosa he there
remarks: ‘Not uncommon for a short period in the autumn. Attracted
by the candle, they enter the house in the evening and fly repeatedly
against the ceiling in their efforts to escape.”

THE GENUS VENUS/A AND ITS INCLUDED SPECIES.*
BY GEORGE W. TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.

Probably everyone will agree with Dr. Pearsall’s remarks in the April
number of this journal as to the necessity for a revision of the North
American Geometridz. The whole group is in a sad state of disorder;
the old species are not all well understood and many of the newer ones

*See Pearsall, CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, XXXVII, 125, April, 1905.

240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(Dr. Hulst’s and Dr. Strecker’s), being unfigured and insufficiently
described, are very difficult to identify. It will be some time yet, I fear,
before anyone will be in a position to attempt a complete monograph, and
probably it will be better to take up the work genus by genus, as Dr.
Pearsall is doing.

With regard to the new genus Womenia, 1 have carefully examined
all the specimens in my collection from California, Nevada and British
Columbia, which, according to the nomenclature of Dr. Dyar’s Catalogue,
would stand under the name Venusia duodecimlineata, Packard, but I
cannot find among them any that possess the antennal structure described
bysDt Pearsall...) -

This does not, of course, prove that the genus Vomenza is not a good
one, but it shows that of a// the California so-called 72-dineata belong to
it, and so until Dr. Packard’s original types (from California) can be
examined it will be doubtful whether the name ,72-dineata should be
attached to the Vomenia or to the ordinary form. The genus Venusia as
Dr. Pearsall points cut, is represented in North America by a single species,
V. cambrica, Curtis. The other species listed by Hulst under Venuséa,form
with Lucheca lucata, Guenée, a distinct and natural group. But I am
afraid we have not yet got these quite correctly named in our lists.

My good friend Mr. L. B. Prout, of London, is very carefully going
over, on my behalf, Walker’s type specimens in the British Museum; and
he tells me that the type of Tephrosia ? comptaria, Walker, (from Nova

Scotia), is certainly not a specimen of Z. perlineata, Packard, as Hulst
supposed, but a 72-/imeata, Packard—eastern form.

I think, therefore, that the name Eucheca comptaria, Walker, must
be used for the eastern, British Columbia and the bulk of the California
specimens of 72-/ineata, Packard. ‘The species now called Comfptaria
will retake its former name Z. ferineata, Packard, and Eucheca lucata,
Guenée, with condensata, Walker, as a synonym, will complete the group.

I would therefore list the species referred to as follows :

Venusia cambrica, Curtis.

Nomenia 12-lineata ?, Packard.

Euchceca comptaria, Walker. .
=12-lineata, Packard (part).
=salienta, Pearsall.

Eucheeca perlineata, Packard.

Euchceca lucata, Guenée.
=condensata, Walker.

I may add that the type of incdinataria, Walker, (=inclinata Hulst),
placed by Hulst in the synonymy of comptaria, is a specimen of
Aanthorhoe ferrugata. .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T.

BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA., N.-W. T.

(Continued from page 230.)

373. Cosmia discolor, Walk.—( paleacea, Esp., of North American
authors, in error.) Common in 1903, ¢ ¢ Aug. 31st to Sept. 23rd; ?,
only one observed, Sept. 7th. A single specimen only ( ¢) taken previ-
ously, in 1895. A few during 1904. ‘Treacle.

374. C. punctirena, Smith (? =infumata, Grt.)—Common in 1903,
in about double the numbers of discolor; ¢ g Aug. 8th to 22nd; ? 9,
common, Aug. 7th to Sept. 5th. A few specimens in 1899 and 1go4.
Treacle.

[Note.—C. aleacea, Esp, has probably never been taken in N,
America. |

The above synonymy is merely tentative, as I dare not risk any defi-
nite reference without a personal inspection of types. I only purpose for
the present to try and make clear my reasons for claiming that we have
two North American species which have long been confused with, but are
distinct from, the European fa/eacea of Esper. The dates given above are
for 1903 only. ‘The earliest dates represent absolute first appearances,
and the latest are fairly indicative of the duration of each.

Ot discolor | have under examination 32 ¢ ¢ and 7 2 9, of which
2¢ f are from Kaslo, B. C., 3 ¢, 4 ? from Cartwright, Man., 3 6,19
from Aweme, Man., and a specimen without abdomen, but apparently a
9,from Franconia, N.H. ‘he balance are Calgary specimens. Expanse
of males, one 38 mm., the rest 4c to 45 mm. Females 44 to 47 mm.
Colour from a pale straw-yellow to rosy, orange or ferrugineous, with
generally more or less of a smoky suffusion, but this is never quite uniform
and does not tend to obscure the maculation. The t. a. line forms an
obtuse, though generally distinctly pointed angle in submedian interspace.
It is often scarcely larger than a right angle. The discoidal spots are
distinctly, often quite contrastingly, paler than ground colour, the orbicular
immaculate, the reniform occasionally so, but often with a smoky shading
on its lower border, where the central transverse shade of the wing touches
the junction of veins 4 and 5 with the cross-vein at the end of the’cell. This
shading may sometimes be traced throughout the length of the reniform
on the cross-vein, but very rarely tends to form a dark spot on its lower
edge as it does in punctirena and paleacea. The secondaries are very pale
July, 1905.

242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

——_—__——

immaculate yellow on the costal region, but have either a smoky or a
distinctly pink or rosy shading from the base nearly to the hind margin
over the central and lower portion. This shade is often darkest on the
veins, and forms a stronger contrast with the costal region than is seen in
punctirena. The ? abdomen is more thinly scaled than is the case with
punctirena, is longer, and tapers narrowly to a point from which the
ovipositor generally protrudes. The type is in the British Museum, and
is, Sir George Hampson tells me, “a yellow form, partly suffused with
fuscous.”

Punctirena was described from Colorado, Wyoming, and Cartwright,
Man., and a poor figure accompanies the description. The type is a
Cartwright specimen, and is in the U. S. National Museum. I havea ?
from Ottawa, and a very imperfect specimen, but one of which the identity
is beyond question, taken on the summit of Mt. Washington, N. H. In
all I have at present under examination 23 ¢ g and 34 9 9, and all but
the two above mentioned are Calgary specimens. Expanse of males, one
34 mm., another 44 mm., the rest from 39 to 43 mm. Females 41-45
mm. A description of the colour would sound exactly like that of dscolor,
-but whilst the variation in shades of yellow or reddish covers the variation
for that species, @scolor is decidedly the brighter coloured species of the
two, but the extreme range of variation in pwmctirena is greater. The
colour difference, though individuals can be occasionally matched, is
obvious in a series, but hard to express in words. unctirena has the
same smoky or fuscous suffusion, but this has a strong tendency to obscure
both the ground colour and the maculation, which is not the case in as-
color. A few specimens appear to be cf a uniform smoky-brown ground,
with a faint reddish or orange tinge, and as a whole pumctirena runs very
much the darker of the two, and none of my specimens can be called rosy.
The t. a. line forms an obtuse, but move or less rounded angle in the sub-
median interspace. ‘The angle may be pointed, but is generally a larger
angle than that formed by the same line in @zscolor. ‘The discoidal spots
are more often nearly concolorous, rarely contrasting with ground colour,
and there is always a very distinct dark spot on the lower edge of the
reniform. This spot is evident even when the rest of the maculation is
obscured. The secondaries are duller than in discolor, and though they
generally have a smoky suffusion throughout their lower portion, the rosy
shade never seems to be present, the veins are not distinctly darker,
and costal area, though generally paler, does not contrast. The 2? abdo-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243

men is hardly more thinly scaled than the ¢, except that the lateral and
terminal tufis are absent, is shorter than in discolor, does not taper so
sharply, and the ovipositor less often protrudes.

In the above descriptions I have only mentioned those characters
which I have found to be of value in separating the two species, and have
italicized those points which I believe to be of the most importance. As
is so frequently the case with closely allied species, it does not seem pos-
sible to find any one distinctive character which is quite constant, and
though a long series of each at once conveys the impression of distinct-
ness, a few individuals are, I admit, rather hard to place, and differentia-
tion must be sought in a sum total of all the characters. A recapitulation
of the points of difference may be useful.

(1) WDiéscolor is the brighter coloured of the two, has more of a rosy
and less of an orange tendency, and does not run to such dark smoky-
brown forms. ;

(2) The t. a. line in discolor is usually not only more sharply angu-
lated, but the angle tends to be pointed rather than blunt or rounded, as
it generally is in pumctirena. Though this difference is perbaps the most
obvious of any ina series, it is not constant. Itis, however, much easier
to find punctirena in which the angle is sharp or pointed than to find @s-
color in which it is blunt or rounded.

(3) The discoidal spots are generally more contrastingly pale in
discolor than in punctirena, and though in the latter species they are some-
times contrastingly pale, a concolorous tendency is much more frequent
than in discolor.

(4) A dark spot in lower portion of reniform in d@scolor is rarely
developed to any marked degree, but in pumctirena it is generally promi-
nent, and often the most conspicuous mark on the wing. ‘This is quite
characteristic of the two species as a whole, though as a matter of fact I
have discolor with a more distinct dot than some of my pumctirena, which
all but lose it.

(5) The secondaries in dzsco/or have usually more of a dusky, often
rosy shading in their posterior portion, which is sometimes darkest on the
veins, and the pale costa contrasts rather strongly. Pumctirena has
dusky, but not rosy, secondaries, with slightly paler, but not contrasting,
costa. Either species may sometimes have secondaries almost immacu-
late, but as a rule they are darkest in discolor, except on the costa. This
is another conspicuous feature in a series.

244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(6) Inthe ¢ 9 the abdomen of dsco/or is more thinly scaled than
in punctirena, is longer, more narrowly tapering, and the ovipositor more
often protrudes.

(7) Discolor is, at Calgary, slightly the larger species of the two, and
during 1903, when both were fairly common, was guite three weeks later
in appearance, and continued turning up at treacle after punctirena was
over, This last is certainly not amongst my least important points.

Of European faleacea, Esp., (Zuperia fulvago, Hbn.), I have 7
$ $ and 3 @ @ from the British Isles, chiefly from Sherwood Forest,
Notts, and 6 ¢ g,and 21 @ 9 bearing labels of numerous other European
and some Asiatic localities. If it were not that 1 feelso confident of the
distinctness of discolor and punctirena in this one locality, I might easily
have been deceived into looking upon both as local races or mere varieties
of paleacea, which combines some of the characters of both. But it com-
bines them in such a way as to bespeakathirdspecies. It comes between
them, but without connecting them. In colour it is brighter than either,
but in the 37 specimens before me there is much less colour variation
even than in dsco/or, and scarcely any tendency to a smoky suffusion. A
few specimens of all three can be found to match in colour almost exactly.
It varies from a very pale golden-yellow, through straw, to orange. The
latter form is, I believe, the var. avgudago of Haworth, and the var. A. of
Guenée. The former, though mentioned in Tutt’s “British Noctue and
Their Varieties,” Vol. III, p. 19, is entirely omitted from the Staudinger
Catalogue, in which, however, an aberration Zeéchi is listed and referred
to as a form shaded with fuscous. Colour, however, is not usually of
important specific value in forms in widely separate localities. The t. a.
line has generally the sharp angulation of d¢sco/or, which is conspicuous in
a series, though a few specimens have it decidedly blunt. The discoidals
have a stronger tendency to be concolorous than even in punctirena, and
the dark spot in the reniform is strongly developed in all my specimens
but one, in which the entire maculation is so faint that the spot, though
discernible, has almost become obsolete. The secondaries are frequently
immaculate, but have sometimes a slight dusky or even pinkish shading
in their lower portion. The 2 abdomen, though scaled as in punctirena,
is long as in discolor, but not quite so sharply tapering. The ovipositor

sometimes protrudes. So that Aa/eacea, whilst in colour of both primaries
and secondaries it cannot be called either intermediate, or nearer to one
than to the other, has usuaily the sharply angulated t. a. line of dsco/or, the
discoidal spots of punctirena, and a ? abdomen somewhat intermediate

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245

between the two, but decidedly tending towards discolor. A combina-
tion of discolor and punctirena would make pa/eacea in everything
except colour, and the supposed distinctness of the latter from each
is based solely upon my confidence in the distinctness of the two
former from each other. Dr. Dyar, in his Kootenai list, refers those
specimens from Kaslo having the dark spot in the reniform to /Aa/eacea,
those lacking it to “var. a@zscolor, Walk.” As before pointed out, my
use of the names discolor and infumata are merely tentative. Sir
George Hampson tells me that zzfumata is “a gray-brown form,” and
though he not long ago expressed his opinion to me that pumctivena was a
synonym of zfumata and discolor probably distinct, he has since told me
that he considers all four names to refer to one species. Of the pub-
lished figures of the three species which I have had the opportunity of
examining, that in Newman’s ‘‘British Moths” has not as well developed a
dark spot in reniform as pa/eacea usually seems to possess, nor as sharply
angulated at. a. line. I have, however, specimens with a blunter angle, but
not with such a constricted, though really a fainter dark spot. As there is
no colour guide, it would be quite excusable to say that the figure com-
bined all the characters of pwnctirena. But constriction of the spot is a
variation which in all probability occurs in the European species, as it
certainly does in punctirena, which in that point then approximates an
occasional partially developed spot in @isco/or. In Barrett’s ‘“Lepidop-
tera of the British Islands,” Vol. V, pl. 223, figs. 2 and 2a, though the
dark spots are well developed, the t. a. lines again, in both figures, have a
blunter angle than seems usual. But the even, unicolorous appearance of
both primaries and secondaries at once bespeaks paleacea. The merest
glance at Dr. Holland’s pl. xxvi, fig. 32, gives the immediate impression
of European pa/eacea, exactly, and in every detati. The uniform, slightly
orange-yellow primaries, sharply angulated t. a. line, concolorous discoidals,
except for the typically well developed dark dot, and the clear immacu-
late secondaries, combine to make such an excellent representation of
the Old World species, that I will be bold enough to assert that it actually
does represent Aaveacea, Esp, and is therefore correctly named. But I
have so far not seen the species from North America, and I seriously
doubt its being a North American specimen. I asked Dr. Dyar his

opinion of the figure, and he replied: ‘‘I cannot match Holland’s figure
in my American specimens, though I have about a hundred of them.
I have but two European specimens, yet one of them is the exact match
of the figure.” The figure of the type of pumctirena in Can. En’, XXXII,

246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

pl. 5, is evidently from a very poor negative and therefore of little value.
But the rounded bend of the t. a. line (just traceable), the well-developed
spot, and the general smoky-suffused appearance, leave me in no doubt
about my having the species correctly named. In addition to which I
have specimens named by Prof. Smith himself. I have not been able to
procure venzosa for comparison, and the very small number I have suc.
ceeded in obtaining from correspondents, though I have been trying for
eighteen months,causes me to suppose that neither disco/or nor punctirena
are by any means generally common, though they seem to have the same
range. I much'regret that I have had finally to write this article with so
little outside material for study.

375. Orthosia verberata, Smith., (Can. Ent. XXXVI, 153, June,
1904).—Described from two pairs from here. Of these, the type is at
Rutger’s College, and a pair are co-types in my own collection. Only ten
or a dozen specimens have been taken altogether; one in 1904, the rest
during 1903. Sept. 11th to 27th; treacle. Under the description the
form is stated to be allied to ferruginoides, but no comparison is made,
Of bicolorago and its var. ferruginoides, | have a good series from the
Eastern States, and two ¢ ¢ and a ? from Cartwright, Man., where I
understand from Mr. Heath it is not uncommon. The more usual form is
of an orange or rusty, that is a ferruginous, yellow, varying in tint in dif-
ferent specimens, with basal, t. a., and t. p. lines, central shade, and sub-
terminal area purplish, though in the palest specimens the purple shadings
are very slight. This, Dr. Dyar tells me, is the so-called variety ferrugin-
oides. Typical dicolvrago is a less common form, with a purplish shading
over the entire outer portion of the wings, both primaries and secondaries,
beyond the central shade, making an obvious colour contrast with the
inner portion, which probably suggested its name. I have at least one
specimen intermediate between the two forms. Of the three Cartwright
specimens, the two ¢ ¢ are var. ferruginoides and the 2 drcolorago, and
their place is obviously with the eastern form. Verderata is luteous or
buff rather than yellow, though a few specimens have a more decided
ferruginous tint than any of my /erruginoides, and whilst purplish trans-
verse lines and shadings seem always present, I have as yet seen no
approach to the d/colorago form in the Calgary species. The secondaries
are uniformly dark smoky below the subcostal vein, but the costa is pale
and contrasts strongly, which is rarely the case with my d/co/orago, in
which the secondaries are, as a rule, much paler. The t. a. line seems

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247

better defined and less coarse than in the older species, the t. p. line less
obviously crenulate, and the discoidal spots more clearly outlined and
slightly larger. The two series contrast somewhat, and, were they mixed,
I feel sure I should not have the least difficulty in picking out every
Calgary specimen without the aid of labels. I am inclined to look upon
verberata as a good species. It resembles the late C. G. Barrett’s figures
of British ferruginea much more than do any of my Manitoba or eastern

“specimens. I hope soon to have an opportunity of comparing all three
forms together.. Dr. Dyar, in the Kootenai list, records dzcolorago, var.
Serruginoides, from Kaslo. I sent him a Calgary specimen of verderata,
and whilst questioning its validity as a species, he added, ‘‘The Kaslo
specimens should be verderata if this name holds.”

376. O. euroa, G. & R.—Not common in 1896, and a few taken in
1897, at treacle. Not met with since. Middle to end of August.

377. O. Conradi, Grt.—Fairly common. July and Aug. An ex-
tremely variable species, of which I have closely studied a long series. It
varies from a very pale luteous to a dark crimson. Some specimens are
almost immaculate except for the dark spot in reniform, others have the
transverse lines very distinct.

378. Larastichtis discivaria, Walk.—Common some years. July
and Aug. ‘Treacle. Sir George Hampson has specimens from me. He
called what I sent him gentz/is, Grt., adding,‘ Dzscivaria, Walk. = perbellis,
Grt., is, I think, a distinct species.” It varies enormously, but I cannot
make more than one species out of Calgary material.

Re, Sept., Oct. and April an
379. Scopelosoma tristigmata, Grt. Rae : I ¢

; > early May, at t d
380. S. devia, Grt. Common. J i ee ame and

381. Homoglea hircina, Morr.—Generally very rare, but rather
common in 1898 and again in 1904. End April and early May. Sallows
and treacle. A very variable species.

382. H. carbonaria, Harr.—Rare. Oct. and early May.

383. Lpimorpha pleonectusa, Grt.—Far from common, but fairly
regular in appearence. Middle July and Aug.

384. Dasyspoudea Meadii, Grt.—Two specimens at light. July
23rd, rgot.

385. Copablepharon absidum, Harr.-—Two fine specimens at the
Calgary town lights, on Aug, 7th, 1902, by Mr. T. N. Willing, through

whose kindness one of them is in my collection. The name is on the
authority of Dr. Fletcher.

248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

386. Heliothis phlogophagus, Grt.—Rare. End May and June.
Flying in sunshine,

387. Schinia cumatilis, Grt.—Three specimens. July 21st to Aug.
2nd, 1900 and 1903. Light.

388. MWelanoporphyria Oregona, Hy. Edw.—Not common. Mid-
dle June to middle July. A day-flyer.

389. Melicleptria septentrionalis, Hy. Edw.—Rather more common |

than the preceding. Middle May to middle July. Also a day-flyer. Sir
George Hampson treats this as a synonym of European ononts, Fabr.
Superficially this and the preceding species are rather alike, and might
easily be confused by one who was not acquainted with the range of varia-
tion. Among the several points of difference which I have found con-
stant, perhaps the most obvious is that the reniform in septentrionalis is
outlined posteriorly by a broad black line, never present in Oregona.

390. Heliaca diminutiva, Grt.—One specimen, flying in sunshine,
June gth; 1897.

391. Lolychrysia trabea, Smith.—Described from here, and figured
with description. The type is at Washington. Decidedly rare, but fairly
regular in appearance, Middle July to middle Aug. Light. This species
is referred by some, including Dr. Dyar, to Oberthur’s var. esmeralda of
moneta, Fabr. So far I have seen nothing written on the subject what-
ever, beyond Dr. Dyar’s listing, and a few vague suggestions in private
letters. JZoneta appears to be common in some parts of Europe, and is
also stated to occur in Siberia, and the mountain districts of Central Asia.
It was not taken in the British Isles previcus to 1890, but has since been
of fairly regular occurrence in some of the south-eastern counties of Eng-
land, though very far from common. The var. esmera/da seems to differ
from the typical form in being of a yellowish-white colour instead of
golden-yellow, and Mons. Oberthiir says in the description: ‘It has
exactly the same markings (as typical monefa) except so far as concerns
the bent extrabasal line below the median nervure of the superior wing.
This line is double in moneta, simple in esmeral/da.” ‘The var. is stated to
be not uncommon in Amurland (Siberia). I have two British specimens
of moneta in my collection, through the kindness of Mr. L. B. Prout, of
London, Eng. They differ from Alberta specimens in being decidedly
richer in colour, and have the maculation better defined. The inner por-
tion of the t. a. line, evident in the British specimens, has a tendency to
become obsolete in the Calgary form. The secondaries in the latter are

—_—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249

also a little paler. I can see nothing to separate them as species, but a
comparison of five North American specimens with two European is hardly
a fair basis from which to arrive at any definite conclusion, and I therefore
follow Prof. Smith. In Europe moneta is partially double brooded, and’
the larva feeds on Aconitum napellus (Monkshood), A. Zycoctonum,
various species of De/phinium (Larkspur), and Zrol/7us Europeus (Globe
flower). My information concerning the European species is all derived
from Barrett’s “Lepidoptera of the British Islands,” Vol. VI, p. 102-107,
and Tutt’s “British Noctue and their Varieties,” Vol. IV, p. 20-23. The
new-world form is figured as moneta in Dr. Holland’s book, and the figure
is'an excellent one. It is there stated to occur in Assiniboia as well as
Alberta, but so far as I know it has not yet been turned up elsewhere.
The type is at Washington, and is figured in Ent. News, Vol. VI, pl. xv,
December, 1895, and described in Vol. VII, No. 1, of that magazine. Its
sex is not stated. Sir George Hampson accepted the species as ¢rabea
without comment.

392. LP. purpurigera, \Valk.—Very rare. Lightandat dusk. Aug.

393. Llusta eroides, Grt.—Not common. Middle July and Aug.
Light.

394. LEuchalcia venusta, Walk.—Rare. Middle July to middle
Aug. Light.

395. £&. Putnami, Grt.—Fairly common. July and Aug. Light.
The species is referred by Dr. Dyar as a var. of European festuce, Linn.,
a fairly common European species. I have four British /festuce, which
differ from Calgary specimens chiefly in being darker and having larger
metallic spots, and a golden metallic spot at base of primaries, not present
in any of a large number of Putnami I have examined. In my Putnami
the two central spots are often joined, which I believe is seldom, if ever,
the case with festuce. I find it stated by Mr. Tutt that Guenée claimed
to have seen a North American specimen exactly like the European
species. Dr, Ottolengui. in his paper on Plusia (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
X, p. 57-82 and pls.), suggests the possible existence of two or even
three species known as Putnam on this continent. The north-west form
is certainly less like festuce than tradea is like moneta.

396. Autographa mappa, G. & R.—Two specimens, July 24th, 1898,
and July 22, 1903. Probably at light.

397. A. bimaculata, Steph.—Fairly common. Middle July and

early Aug. Dr. Ottolengui believes the north-west form to be either a
July, 1995.

250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

geographical race or else a new species. I have no material from other
localities. ;

398. A. Californica, Speyer—Common. I have records from May

to September. I believe it hybernates here, and is almost certainly a
migrant. Ow seems to be a closely allied species of which I have two
specimens from Louisiana, Mo., sent me as such by Mr. Henry Engel. I
see differences, but as they are not very strongly marked I dare not risk a
comparison without more material. Dr. Ottolengui in his notes on
“Plusia and Allied Genera” (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. X, 57-82, June, 1902),
states that the two are quite distinct.

399. A. pseudogamma, Grt.—Not common. Middle July and early
Aug. There seems to have been a good deal of confusion in the past
between this and the preceding species. I had both named for me by
Prof. Smith some years ago, and his determinations were corroborated by
Dr. Ottolengui at the time he wrote his paper. The differences: between
my two series are also in accordance with Dr. Ottolengui’s figures, which,
however, are unfortunately not clear enough in detail to bring those differ-
ences out plainly. Of the two, Ca/zfornica has the most acute apices. It
has far less of the greenish or bronze lustre seen in pseudogamma, and is
much more reticulated in appearance, chiefly owing to the transverse lines
being more clearly marked and more irregular, though actually finer.
One of the most constant points of difference is seen in the outer margin
of primaries. In Ca/ifornica the lunulate dark terminal line is duplicated
by another at the base of the fringes, and preceded by a third, finer and
more direct one, in the terminal space. It has thus the appearance of
being treble. In fpseudogamma the terminal line is obviously single and
less lunulate, and though bordered anteriorly by a narrow shade of the
pale ground colour, is not preceded at a short distance from it by a fine
and separate line as in Cadifornica. Dr. Holland’s figure standing as
pseudogamma is not sufficiently clear to bring out points of difference with
any exactness, but from the distinctive characters in the terminal area which I
have just pointed out, there can be little doubt that the specimen figured
is really Californica. Precationis is a species which, until I obtained and
compared a good series, I had considerable difficulty in separating from
pseudogamma. ‘There is a difference in the sign, I admit, the upper

portion being more open in pseudogamma, but unless I have more than
one species under precationis, the sign seems a much more variable char-
acter in this than in most of its allies. It is really a brighter coloured
species, with more of a bronze or coppery lustre,and has finer transverse lines,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251

400, A. flagellum, Walk —Redescribed from here by Prof. Smith as
insolita, of which the type is at Washington. It is figured in Ent. News,
VI, Pl. XV. Not common, but regular in appearance. Middle July and
Aug.

401. A. rubidus, Ottol.—Four 2? 2 only. Two are in my collection.
One is dated July 2nd, r901, and was the first I ever saw. It has been
seen by Dr. Ottolengui, and is a good specimen. The other, dated June
26th, 1903, is badly rubbed. A @ from here is in the U. S. National
Museum, and another is in the British Museum. At first sight it might be
taken for an aberrant pecationis:or pseudogamma, but amongst other
differences it is easily distinct from both by the sign, which runs to a
rather sharp point posteriorly. It was described from Cartwright, Man.,
and St. John, N. B., and a good figure is given with the description. The
type isa 9 in Dr. Ottolengui’s collection.

402. A. alias, Ottol.—I have a ¢ from Bhackfalds, Alta., about a
hundred miles north of Calgary, taken by Mr. Gregson on July 28th,1902,
which bears Dr. Ottolengui’s label, and has been seen by Sir George
Hampson. The species is stated by its author to be common throughout
Canada and the Northern States, and to have been confused with
u-aureum, Whilst resembling rectangula. U-aureum is now dropped from
our lists as not North American. Thetype is a ¢ in Dr. Ottolengui’s
collection. I have two Pine Creek specimens dated Aug. gth and 16th,
which I should say are undoubtedly the same species, and a fourth from
St. John, N. B, which was sent me a few years ago as mortuorum. All
agree with the two figures of a/ias given in Dr. Ottolengui’s paper. One
Didsbury (Alta.) and two Pine Creek specimens show some slight modifi-
cations in the sign, but after much study I have not been able to satisfy
myself that they differ specifically. I sent one of these to Sir George as
possibly exce/sa, and he returned it labelled octoscripta. It is certainly
not unlike Dr. Ottolengui’s figure of that species, which, however, is not
clear in detail. It bears date Aug. 21st, 1903, and the others are dated
Aug. 7th and gth, 1903-4.

403. A. exce/sa, Ottol.—I have the name only, but Dr. Ottolengui
tells me that he has at least three specimens from me. One of these is a
g, taken at light on Aug. 29th, 1895, and was named angu/idens for me

by Prof. Smith some years ago. ‘The two species are stated to be very
much alike, but separable amongst other differences by the sign, which in
the present species is rather V-shaped, and in amgud:dens more like a U.
It has the same range as a/ias, whereas angulides appears to be

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

exclusively confined to Colorado. I have a badly-rubbed specimen from
Field, B. C., which I take to be this species. The type is a ¢ in the
collection of Dr. Ottolengui.

404. A. efigwa, Grt.—Two ¢g ¢ July 29th, 1398, and Aug. 21st,
1903, anda @ July 27th, 1904, the latter marked ‘‘ dusk,” are all I have
in the collection. It was only when finally touching up these notes for
sending to press that [ noticed that I had two species under amp/a, and
after a careful comparison with Dr. Ottolengui’s figure, I have little doubt
that the three I have picked out are efigwa. Once recognized as distinct,
their difference is rather obvious. ‘The ground colour is dark silvery
ashen gray, without the obvious purplish shading of amp/a. There are no
blackish marks near apex and anal angle as in am/pda, and the t. p. line is
not bordered anteriorly throughout its length by black, and does not meet
the inner margin quite so near the anal angie, which in this species is more
obviously falcate. | One difference in the sign appears to be that in the
present species its inner portion touches the median vein on the t. a. line,
whereas in am/f/a it touches it ata point slightly further from the base.
This holds in my specimens, and is seen even more clearly in Dr.
Ottolengui’s figures, but the slight variation in my short series of both
leads me to doubt its constancy. It is quite probable that I have sent
away a few as amp/a.

405. A. ampla, Grt.—Rare, ' L have only six specimens at present
in the collection, bearing dates from July 7th to Aug. 6th. Light.

406. A, falcifera, Kirby.—Fairly common. End June to early
Sept. Flying in daytime and at light. One specimen quite fresh on May
8th, 1900. Dr. Ottolengui’s paper tells us that fa/cifera is the gray form of
the species, and “ was described from Nova Scotia, and it is noteworthy
that in the north the brown form is rare.” Szmf/ex is the darker, brown
form, and ‘*“‘was described from New York, where the brown form is
common.” The majority of Calgary specimens fall between Dr.
Ottolengui’s figures of the two forms, and I have nothing quite matching
either of those extremes, but some are darker than Dr. Holland’s figure,
though less red. ‘Though distinctly brown specimens occur, the general
tendency is towards gray, at the expense of brown. By far the grayest

specimen I ever saw was a Regina specimen of Mr. Willing’s, dated June
r6th, rgo4.

407. A. diasema, Bdv.—A single ? flying in sunshine on Sulphur
Mt., Banff, Aug. 13th, 1goo, at a little over 5,000 feet, has been seen by
Dr. Ottolengui. (To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253

MANITOBA MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

(Continued from page 208.)

Exentera apriliana, Grote.—Aweme, IV, 30, to V, 21; Beulah.
Thirteen specimens. This is a particularly interesting capture. Grote’s
description* is remarkably brief, and his generic description, occurring on
the same page, is misleading on account of an error. He states: “ Hind
wings 7-veined, 5 wanting.” I know of no Tortricid genus in which 5 is
absent ; frequently 3 and 4 are coincident or stalked for their entire
length, but even this is not the case in any one of these specimens; 3 and
4 are stalked from a quarter to a half. Prof C. H. Fernald kindly
examined his type specimen, given him by Grote, and advises that in this
specimen, which is a female, veins 3 and 4 are stalked for half their
length, vein 5 present, bent strongly towards base, and arising close to
otigin of 3+4. It is exceedingly doubtful that Grote’s genus wil! stand.
The specimens are dark grayish-fuscous, almost- immaculate, but with
more or less obsolete-darker, narrower fascia from middle of costa to
angle, and the basal area defined by an oblique line rising out of dorsum
at inner quarter, but lost above middle of wing. Hind wings pale gray.
Expanse 15. to 20. mm. Fore-wings narrow and outer margin rounded,
not indented.

Proteopteryx columbia, Kearf.—Aweme, VII, 14. One specimen,
agreeing with the type of the darkest form.

Epinotia incarnana, Haw.—Aweme, VII, 31. (Europe and Cali-
fornia.)

Epinotia fasciolana, Clem.—Aweme, VI, 6 to 10; Beulah. (Maine
to Penna.)

Epinotia liturana, W\sm.—Cartwright. Type from California, not
since recorded.

Epinotia imbridana, Fern.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VI, 9, to
VIII, 12. This has been a MS. name for many years. Dr. Fernald
promises to have the description in print before this appears.

Epinotia pseudotsugana, Kearf.—Rounthwaite, Aug.

Epinotia lindana, Fern.—Rounthwaite, Aug. (Canada, Mass.)

Ancylis mediofasciana, Clem.—Aweme, VI, 6; Beulah, VIII, 15 ;
Winnipeg. (No. Atlantic States. )

Ancylis nubeculana, Clem.—Rounthwaite, Aug. (No. Atlantic
States.)

Ancylis laciniana, Zel\l.—Rounthwaite, June ; Aweme, VI, 16 to 25.
(Type from Mass.)

J | ae ENT., IX, 227, 1877. i ay he Te aay oe a
uly, .

254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Ancylis comptana, Froel.—Aweme, V, 21. Supposcd to be the same
as the European strawberry leaf-roller and pest.

Ancylis dubiana, Clem.—Rounthwaite, June. (Type from Virginia.)

Ancylis augulifasciana, Zel\l.—Rounthwaite, Aug.; Aweme, V, 21, to
VI, 14: (Maine to Ohio.)

Ancylis plagosana, Clem.—Aweme, V, 21 to 29; Beulah. Described
from specimens coliected in Labrador, not recorded since ; a most inter-
esting new record.

Ancylis diminuatana, Kearf.—Aweme, V, 21 ; Winnipeg.

Enarmonia 'prunivora, Walsh.—Aweme, VII, 6. (Missouri to
Minnesota. )

Enarmonia lautana, Clem.—Aweme, IV, 29, and V, 1. (Virginia
and Texas.)

Enarmonia gallesaliciana, Riley —Aweme, VI, 6 and 25; Roun-
thwaite, June and August. (New York to Texas.)

Enarmonia nigricana, Steph.—Rounthwaite, June. This is the
species, the larvee of which are sometimes quite injurious to cultivated
peas, common to Europe, and supposed to have been introduced into
America.

Hemimene simulana, Clem.—Aweme, VII, 25. (Atlantic States.)

Acleris nivisellana, Wism.—Aweme, 1V, 30, to V, 14. (Maine to
California.)

Acleris simpliciana, W\ism.—Aweme, VI, 10, and X, 12. (New
Hampshire and Oregon.)

Acleris pulverosana, Walk.—Beulah, May and July. Type from
Hudson’s Bay, not since recorded.

Acleris hastiana, \.inn,?—1 have, not only from Manitoba, but from
all parts of North America, several hundred specimens, representing the
most diverse and bizarre varieties, that may finally find lodgment under
this name. I have also a number of European specimens representing a
number of varieties. I do not feel able, at this time, to pass judg-
ment on the species, and the only way the question will ever be satisfac-
torily solved will be by extensive breeding and inbreeding. So far as I
know, none of the species of this genus are borers in stems or roots, all
leaf tyers and crumplers, hence for any one with the time and opportunity,

extensive breeding operations are not difficult, Meyrick gives the
European food-plant as “ Sa/ix” (willow). I have bred several of the
so-called varieties from huckleberry.

Epagoge sulfureana, Clem.—Beulah, VU, 15; Rounthwaite, July.

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The very pale canary yellow form, with the oblique lines reduced to three
or four red dots, hind wings paie fuscous. (Atlantic States, ) .

Cenopis reticulatana, Clem.—Aweme, VII, 27, to VIII, 12; Cart-
wright, VIII, r2 to 28; Rounthwaite, July. (Atlantic and Southern
States.)

Cenopis Pettitana, Rob.—Cartwright, VII, 22,to VIII, 14. (Atlantic
States.)

Sparganothis senecionana, W\sm.—Cartwright, VIII, 8. (California
and Oregon.)

Sparganothis irrorea, Rob.—Rounthwaite, July; Aweme, VII, 9.
(Maine to Colorado.)

Sparganathis breviornatana, Clem.—Winnipeg. I have long series,
both male and female, of this species, as well as S. xanthoides, Walk., and
can see no reason for uniting them.

Sparganothis puritana, Rob.—Rounthwaite July. (No. Atlantic
States. )

Sparganothis vocaridorsana, Kearf.—Aweme, VII, 10; Winnipeg ;
Rounthwaite, July.

Archips rosaceana, Harris.—Aweme, 16 males and no females, VII,
1, to VII, 27; Cartwright, both sexes; Rounthwaite, July. (Northern
United States.)

Archips purpurana, Clem.—Aweme, VII, 27 to 27. (No. Atlantic
States.)

Archips cerasivorana, Fitch.—Cartwright, VIII, 4, to IX, 8. (North-
ern U.S. and California.)

Archips semiferana, Walk.— Rounthwaite, July. (Atlantic States to
Cojorado.)

Archips fervidana, Clem.—Criddle, VIII, 3 and 12; Beulah, VII,
1s, to VIII, 15. (No. Atlantic States.)

Archips fractivittana, Clem.—Winnipeg. One specimen, paler
yellow than eastern examples, the oblique brown band almost obsolete,
and represented only by a small dot on costa, a larger blotch at anal angle,
and a medium size spot midway between them. (So. Atlantic States
and Ohio.)

Archips affictana, Walk.—Winnipeg, V, 17. (Northern States and
California.)

Archips virescana, Clem,——-Rounthwaite, July. (Common all over
North America.)

Archips glaucana, W\srn.—Aweme, VII, 22 to 31; Beulah, VII, 15.
Described from So. Oregon, not since recorded,

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Archips Clemensiana, Fern. Rounthwaite, Aug. (Maine to Wis-
consin.)

Archips persicana, Fitch.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VI, 25, to
VII, 12; Cartwright, VII, 11. (North Atlantic States and Canada.)

Platynota sentana, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July; Aweme, VII, 2 to
12. (Maine to Texas.)

Pandemis Canadana, Kearf.—Aweme, VIII, 2 to 13 ; Cartwright,
VIII, 5 to 14; West Manitoba.

Tortrix Alleniana, Fern.— Cartwrigit, VI, 28, to VIII, 4; Aweme,
VII, 9 to 23; Rounthwaite, July.

Tortrix lata, Rob.—Aweme, VII, 15, to VIII, 15; Winnipeg; Roun-
thwaite, June. Since writing the note, which appeared on page 93, anfe, on
_ I. pallorana, Rob., I have had the opportunity of examining specimens of
both these species. as identified by Prof. Fernald, and while I am not
convinced that there is more than one species, would, for the present,
place those from Aweme, as well as those collected by Mr. Willing, under
Zata. The coloration of both are of much thé same shades, and individual
variation connect the two series, and the only good difference is that the
fore wings of Zafa are broader in proportion to their length than pa//orana;
the termen of the latter is more oblique.

Tortrix albicomana, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July, the intermediate
yellow form.

Tortrix quercifoliana, Fitch.—Aweme, VII, 9 to 26. (New York to
Texas.)

Tortrix peritana, Clem.—Aweme, VII, 21 to 28. (Atlantic States.)

Tortrix conflictana, Wa\k.—Aweme, VI, 18, Cartwright. (No.
Atlantic States.) .

Tortrix horariana, W\sm.—Winnipeg. Type from Oregon, and not
since recorded.

Eulia quadrifasciana, Fern.—Cartwright. (No. Atlantic States.)

Eulia triferana, Walk. Aweme, VI, 16; Beulah. (Atlantic States.)

Phalonta vitellinana, Zell Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VI, 14 to
25; Cartwright. (Maine to Mass.) ¥

Phalonia angustana, Clem. (promptana, Rob.)—Beulah, VIII... £5.
(Penna, and Texas.)

Phalonia angulatana, Rob.—Rounthwaite, June ; Aweme, VII, 29 ;
Winnipeg, VI, 18. (Penna. and Texas.)

Phalonia Smeathmanniana, Fab.2— Rounthwaite, June. Name sub-
ject to correction. (Europe, Maine and California.)

Phalonia bunteana, Rob.—Rounthwaite, July. (Atlantic States.)

Phalonia enotherana, Riley.—Rounthwaite, Aug. ; Aweme, VI, 8,
VIII, 3, and X, 13. (Atlantic States }

Hysterosia inopiana, Haw.—Rounthwaite, June and July ; Aweme,
VII, 2; Beulah, VIII, 15: Cartwright. (Europe and Northern United
States. ) (To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 257

NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUIDA: FOR 1905.—No. 2.
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.
(Continued from page 204).

Mamestra ascula, n. sp.—Ground colour very pale ashen gray, with
a somewhat luteous tinge more or less obvious in most specimens ; best
marked in the male, most frequently wanting in the female. The ordinary
lines are all broken and obscured by the shading, yet all distinctly trace-
able, geminate, one part of the line blackish, the other smoky and always
partly incomplete. Basal line usually marked by a geminate spot on
costa. There is a short black basal streak, best marked and a little curved
in the female, and above it the basal space tends to bea little paler. T.
a. line well removed from base, with a rather even outcurve, just a little
drawn in on the veins. T. p. line outcurved over the cell, very obscurely
marked in that part of its course, best marked on the incurve in the
submedian interspace, where the included space is paler and the defining
lines are well marked. A pale shading extends from that point to the
hind angle, and another from the end of the cell to the apex ; the latter
is almost always present ; the former is sometimes poorly marked. S, t.
line irregular pale, sometimes defined by preceding black marks, some-
times only by the darker terminal space ; always with a blackish shade
above the hind angle, usually emphasized by white scales at this point.
There is a series of blackish terminal lunules, a pale line at the base of the
fringes, a blackish interline and an alternation of light and dark gray at
the edge of the wing. ‘The orbicular is long, narrow, very oblique, usually
well defined, with blackish outer border and a white annulus. The
reniform is of good size, rather narrow, oblong, with the angles rounded,
though sometimes more kidney-shaped, usually well defined, though the
defining lines are narrow and not contrasting ; it may be concolorous,
dark filled or of the palest gray in the wing, and in the male often has a
slight ocherous tinge. Claviform usually small, inconspicuous, pointed,
defined by blackish scales, sometimes extending across the median space,
but never prominent. Secondaries in the male white, the veins sometimes
marked with smoky near the margin ; in the female a little smoky
throughout, becoming dusky outwardly. Beneath, more or less powdery,
primaries with disc darker; sometimes immaculate, sometimes with a
well-defined blackish outer line, more rarely with a discal spot on all
wings.

Expands: 1-1.20 inches=25-30 mm. Aadétat; Steckton, Utah, in

September; Mr. Thomas Spalding.
July, 1905.

258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

There are about 200 specimens before me, nearly evenly divided as
to sex, and most of them in very good condition. The males are as a
whole decidedly paler in colour than the females, and the tendency to the
yellowish shading is best marked. The relationship is to vécina, which is
darker, more bluish gray, has the claviform prominently marked and the
ordinary spots of different form. There are other differences, but these
will suffice to distinguish the new form.

Hadena erica, n. sp.—Ground colour blnish ash gray, marked with
darker gray and blackish. Head with a black frontal line ; collar with a
narrow blackish ‘line ; patagia with a blackish submargin, disc powdered
with blackish. Primaries with the ower half of basal space, the apical
recion and the submedian interspace between t. p. and s. t. lines much
paler gray and with an ochreous tinge, giving the wings the appearance of
having three pale blotches ; this feature more obvious in the female.
Basal line geminate, often lost, extending to a short black somewhat
curved basal mark. ‘T. a line geminate, inner portion vague, gray, outer
blackish ; the line as a whole a little outcurved and somewhat drawn in
on the veins. ‘I’. p. line geminate on the costa, the outer portion lost
before it is curved over the cell, the incurve deep. Thes. t. line is pale,
marked just before the apex, well drawn in and obscured by the apical
pale area, and then with a very even and well marked bisinuation to the
inner margin. There is a series of black terminal lunules and a yellow
line at the base of the fringes which are cut with blackish. The orbicular —
is ovate, usually well defined, edged with black scales, with a whitish
annulus, concolorous or paler gray. Reniform oblong, a little oblique,
sometimes constricted, occasionally nearly kidney-shaped, inwardly
marked by a whitish, outwardly by a black line, top and bottom not well
defined. The claviform is black lined, large, broad, usually extending
across the median space, concolorous. Secondaries whitish in the male,
smoky in the female, veins blackish marked, a more or less defined
extra-median line and a discal lunule. Beneath gray, powderings of
primaries in the female nearly black, secondaries with an outer line and
discal spot.

Expands: 1.12-1.32 inches = 28-32 mm. Aaditat: Stockton,
Utah, June and July.

Nine males and eleven females, most of them in good condition, from
Mr. Tom Spalding. There is little variation, except what is due to the
differences in contrast. The species is allied to characta, Grt., but differs
obviously when a series is at hand,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259

Spragueia fumata, 0. sp —The entire insect is deep smoky brown,
immaculate. Head, thorax and primaries covered by smooth glistening
scales, giving the appearance of being covered with bronze or metallic
green atoms. Secondaries with a slightly more reddish tinge, lustrous, but
without the metallic reflections. Beneath, like the secondaries above.

Expands: .64-.74 inches=16-18 mm. Aabitat: Verdi, Nevada,
June 1-10; A. H. Vachell.

Twelve examples are before me, almost evenly divided as to sex.
Nine of these I owe to Mr. Kearfott, and three are from the collection of
Mr. H. D. Merrick.

Yrias trentis, 0. sp.— Ground colour a reddish gray, more or less
suffused by smoky gray and brown. The markings are fairly well defined,
blackish, not prominent, the only contrasts being where the reddish
ground is free from smoky powderings just beyond the reniform. Thoracic
vestiture gray, mixed with pink scales, which form a crest on the collar,
Primaries with all the lines and spots present, but varying much in
distinctness, sometimes one or the other being lost or broken. Basal line
of the reddish ground, defined by slightly darker edgings. T. a. line
geminate, broken, nearly upright, outer portion blackish and most per-
sistent ; inner smoky and frequently lost. T. p. line single, lunulate,
blackish, more or less broken, followed by a paler shading, with a long
outcurve from costa over cell, and a small incurve toward inner margin.
The median shade is somewhat diffuse, at or within the middle of the
wing, nearly upright. Thes. t. line is narrow, whitish, irregularly bent
and curved, broken and tending to become lost toward the hind angle.
There is a series of black terminal lunules, followed by a flesh-coloured
line at the base of the long fringes, which are cut with reddish opposite
the interspaces. The orbicular is a black dot in the cell touching the t. a.
line, and is sometimes wanting. The reniform is black, not defined at
the edges, variable in size and shape, but usually distinct, at just about
the middle of the wing. Secondaries smoky gray, with a more or less
obvious tendency to continue the transverse Jines of the primaries ;
always best marked toward the inner margin. Beneath yellowish gray,
with three lunulate transverse darker lines on each wing; secondaries also
with a discal dot.

Expanse : .70-.75 inch=17.5-18.5 mm. aditat: Cochise County,
Arizona, in July.

Three males and one female, all papered specimens, from Mr. George
Franck. No two are alike, and the variation is due chiefly to the amount

260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of gray suffusion, which obscures or leaves the maculation in relief. The
species 1s most nearly allied to Y. a/bici/iatus in general type of macula-
tion, but is much nearer the typical forms in colour. In the tendency to
relieve the reniform, it resembles Homopyradis.

Homopyralis cinctus, n. sp.—Ground colour a pale reddish luteous,
on which the markings are shown in smoky or black. Head of the
ground colour mottled with bronze brown scales. Palpi brown, banded
with the reddish ground. Thorax of the reddish ground with a band of
smoky, lustrous brown scales across the top of collar and another at the
base. Abdomen concolorous. Primaries reddish luteous at extreme
base ; then brown to thet. a. line. T. a. line rigidly oblique inwardly,
from costa beyond inner fourth to the inner margin at the inner fourth ;
geminate, the inner margin formed by the brown shade, the outer by a
narrow brown line parallel to it, the included space of the ground. T. p.
line geminate, a little sinuate, nearly parallel! with the outer margin, the
cuter border formed by the brown space which extends to the outer
margin, the inner by a narrow brown line parallel to it. The median
space is thus paler than and contrasting with that on each side, a little
darkened in the middle by a geminate dusky median shade. The brown
space beyond the t. p. line is deepest at the line and on the costa, and
lightens a little outwardly, being also interrupted by the irregularly
sinuate, diffuse, pale s. t. line. There is a lunulate brown terminal line.
Orbicular wanting in the specimen. Reniform black, moderate in size,
oblong, a little oblique. Secondaries a little lighter than the primaries,
the median shades, t. p. line and outer dark shading of primaries
continued across the wing ; a blackish discal spot partly obscured by one
of the transverse lines ; a narrow, lunulate brown terminalline. Beneath,
yellowish, with black discal spot and vague transverse shades on all
wings.

Expands: .68 inches = 17 mm. Aaditat: Bill Williams Fort,
Arizona, in August.

One female specimen in good condition from Prof. F. H. Snow.
Readily recognizable by the broad reddish luteous median space between
the dark brown base and outer part of wing.

Epizeuxis Merricki, n. sp.—Ground colour a glistening sooty black,
tending to smoky when a little worn. Head and thorax concolorous,
immaculate. Primaries with the transverse maculation obvious in most

specimens, becoming clearer as the specimen is rubbed. TT. a. line single
blackish, diffuse, almost upright, and may be tilted a little to either side,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261

so as to be either inwardly or outwardly oblique. A broader, diffuse
dark median shade, which is usually just at or a little within the middie
of both costal and inner margins, and therefore inwardly oblique. T. p.
line incepted by a whitish outcurved mark on the costa, then obscurely
traceable across the wing as a crenulated dusky line, more or less
emphasized by outward, pale defining scales. S. t. line irregular, whitish,
tending to become lost. The renifurm is vaguely indicated by a dusky
blotch in some examples. Secondaries dull grayish white, with a smoky
tinge which forms a broad sub-basal and a yet broader extra median dark
band, the inner margins of each diffuse. Between these bands is a
narrower, better defined blackish line. There is also a broken, dark
terminal line. Beneath, both wings whitish, powdered with blackish
scales, with irregular and variable transverse dark bandings and shades;
the primaries with a discal spot.

Expands: .75-.82 inches=tg-21 mm. ffabitat: New Brighton,
Penna., July 20-Aug. 2 (H. D. Merrick) ; Chicago, Ills., July 12 (A.
Kwiat).

Eight examples, six of them males, are before me. All were received
from Mr. Merrick, and all save one are of his collecting. Most of the
examples are good, and far above the average for species in this group.

In size and general appearance this resembles rotunda/is, and I have
little doubt I have so determined it from single examples; but I had none
like it in my own material. The occurrence of a sufficient number to
make comparisons shows a species tending to the @mu/a type of macula-
tion with a remarkably even basal and median transverse shade.

APHODIUS ERRATICUS, LINN., at Halifax, N. S.—In the Canadian
Entomologist for last year (Vol. 36, p. 164) Mr. Charles Stevenson
mentions the fact of Aphodius erraticus, Linn., having been taken by
his son on Montreal Island, and states that he can find no previous record
of its being taken in Canada.

When I was in Halifax in 1897,I took a number of specimens of this
insect, and the list of Coleoptera taken in Halifax that year is given in
the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 31, p. 321, where the above mentioned
name will be found.

Joun D. Evans, Trenton.

[Mr. Evans has very kindly presented some specimens of this beetle
to the Society’s collection,and also a number of other species of Coleoptera
from the Northwest and British Columbia, which are very acceptable
indeed. |

262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE LARVA OF EUPITAACTA INTERRG@PTOPASCIALE
PACKARD.

BY JAMES FLETCHER AND ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL
FARM, OTTAWA.

On May 19, 1904, Mr. W. Metcalfe found some green Geometrid
larvee, at Hull, Que., feeding on the common Juniper (Juniperus communis,
L.). These were handed to the writers, who succeeded in bringing them to
maturity. Three of the bred moths were sent to the Rev. G. W. Taylor,
of Welling'on, B. C., for identification. Writing under date of Nov. 26,
Mr. Taylor says :

‘‘T return two of the three bred specimens of Zupithecta sent me for
study. They are undoubtedly 4. interruptofasciata, Packard, which is
not the same as &. miserudata, Grote. I have specimens of the latter
from Pennsylvania which accord exactly with Grote’s description, and the
differences between these and yours are evident at once.

‘““&. miserudata has not a black band on second segment of abdomen.
It has a small linear discal dot on fore wings. The outer margin of fore-
wings is very straight. It flies in April and May.

‘“B. interruptofasciata has a conspicuous black band on second seg-
ment of abdomen. It has a large round discal spot on fore wings. The
outer margin of fore wings is rounded and full. It flies in August and
September.

“The first two points in each case are taken from the original descrip-
tions, the two others from my own observations of my specimens. All
the eastern Eupithecias (of which there may be 9g or ro kinds), are lumped
in most cases under the one name miéserudata. It is the only species I
have ever had offered to me in exchange.”

In Packard’s Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees (5th
Report U. S, Entomological Commission), there are no fewer than five
descriptions of the larva of £. miserulata. These descriptions vary
noticeably, and it certainly looks as if at least two distinctly different
larvce have been described under this name.

The following is a description of the larve found at Hull, Que.:—

Length, 16 mm., dark green, almost the same colour as the older
leaves of the food-plant. Head paler than the body, and much smaller
than segment 2. Body cylindrical, but appearing as if flattened dorsally.
Dorsal vessel darker than body; subdorsal stripe whitish, rather indistinct;

stigmatal band whitish, margined above with yellow, particularly at centre
July, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263

of each segment. ‘Tubercles inconspicuous, each bearing a single short
black hair. Venter slightly pruinose; feet concolorous with body.

On the 24th May two of the larve pupated in among the leaves of
the food plant, the pupe being enclosed within a slender covering of silk.

Pupa—8 mm, long, pale brown, the abdomen pitted and darker than
the wing covers and thorax. Cremaster consisting of 1o or 12 slender,
hooked: spines, upon a thickened plate which covers the greater part of the
last segment.

The moths emerged on the 7th Sept., 1904.

From the above description it will be seen that our larve resembled,
rather closely, those found feeding on Juniper, at Salem, Mass., and referred
to under the name £&. miseru/ata, on page gto of Packard’s Insects In-
jurious to Forest and Shade Trees. On 21st May, tgos, 8 more larvee were
found in the same place. Four of these differed from the above descrip-
tion in having no subdorsal stripe.

NOTE ON COLLECTING HIBERNATING SPECIMENS.
BY. J. W. -COCKBE, “KASLO; Bl '¢

Acting on the information given me by a woodchopper who had seen
hundreds of green flies under the bark of a tree he had felled a few days
previously, I made a further investigation, and upon reaching the local-
ity found several dead Lace-wing flies crushed under the bark of a Tama.
rack tree he had been sawing up. Furthur search under the bark of a
tall dead Tamarack (Larix occidentalis) which had just ‘been felled,
resulted in a rather unique catch on removing the bark, which peeled off
easily from the butt end, hundreds of lively specimens of the minute
Tineid, Lyonetia speculella, Clem., were found. Proceeding with the
stripping towards the top, and at from 20 to 50 ft. from the butt,
numerous specimens of the Tortricids, Proteopteryx Columbia (Kearfott),
including both of the described varieties A/bidorsana and Mediostrania,
were seen. About 50 ft. up were dozens of a whitte barred E/achistid
(Mompha, sp. ). Also one specimen of Orneodes hexadactyla, L. The
dates which I have previously recorded for this species were the first
week in May and the end of July. Dr. Dyar mentions a specimen
from me April 24th, and one he bred here July 13th. There are, therefore,
apparently, two broods, the moths of the latter of which hibernate, and
appear again in the spring, and a single specimen of Depressaria Klam-
athtana (Walshingham). A few Gelechiide were found in the next
30 feet, and at this point (corresponding in the case of both of the trees

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

examined), at a height of about 80 to roo ft. from the ground, were dis-
covered several dozens of a Lace-wing fly, Cirysopa, sp.

The occurrence of all of these insects in so secure a resting-place
may be accounted for from the fact that the sapwood had been eaten
out by Borers. The woodpeckers in their search for food had punctured
numerous holes in the outer bark, leaving an easy entrance for these
small flies and moths to the dry chamber formed between the bark and
the shrunken stem of the tree.

But the curious part of the whole circumstance was the relative
positions of the species. Few specimens of Lyonetia were seen above 15
feet. The Gelechiide and Tortricids were all closely associated at greater
heights, and all the Chrysopas were in a comparatively small area and
near the top of the tree, not a single specimen being discovered in either
tree below the limit of 80 feet.

The date of the above trip was March 2nd, 1905; there was about
two feet of snow on the ground, but a thaw having set ina few days
previously no doubt accounted for the activity of many of the specimens
taken.

The woodchopper tells me that nearly a mile away from the trees
mentioned above, he found another tree, a dry Tamarack, with the same
kinds of insects beneath the bark, He brought me several specimens in a
cyanide bottle which I had given him. Again the Lace-wing flies, and the
other moths associated with them, were at the top of the tree.

HYDROMETRA AUSTRALIS, Say.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

Since my ‘‘Notes on Hydrometra Martini, Kirk.,” in the CANADIAN
EnToMOLoGistT for January of this year, pages 12 to 15, I have had the
opportunity of examining another specimen of Say’s ‘‘var. austradis,” and

study of it confirms the conclusions I then drew. It is unquestionably a
good species and not merely a variety, and it affords me real pleasure to
recognize a true Hydrometra of which Say is the author. The specimen
to which I here refer is also a male and was taken by Mrs. Annie Trum-
bull Slosson, at Jacksonville, Florida. Since Say gives his locality as
‘“Touisiana” and my specimen came from Thomasville, Georgia, the bug
would seem to have quite an extended range along the Gulf of Mexico
and on the warmer shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Lack of material,
especially of females, makes it unwise to draw up an extended description
at present, but it should be done in order to establish the species beyond
peradventure,

Or

THE CANADIAN ENIGMOLOGIST, 26

SOME BEES COLLECTED BY THE REV. G. BIRKMANN AT
FEDOR, TEXAS.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.
Emphoropsis Birkmannat, n. sp.

¢° .—Length about ts mm.; similar in size, build and pubescence to
E. floridana (Sm.), except that the hair of thorax above is entirely bright
orange-fulvous; hair of occiput and vertex (except some black hairs at sides,
but including the conspicuous interoceilar tuft) is pale orange-fulvous; and
the wings are not so dark. From Z&. rugosissima, Ckll., it differs by the
colour of the pubescence of the thorax, and the long hair at sides of first
abdominal! segment black (white in rwgosissima). ‘Vhe lateral hind margins
of the first segment have a white fringe, which is the more conspicuous by
contrast with the black in front of it. The hair of the legs, abdominal
venter, pleura (except the upper part, as in allied forms), cheeks and
clypeus is black.

Hab.— Fedor, Texas, 2 2’s (Birkmann). March 29 and 30. The
fioridana group includes several closely allied forms, separable in the 9
thus :

Hair of cheeks black. : : ge res
Hair of cheeks white ; ae ec ive Beebe « orange- fulsours eo
1. Hair of occiput pak (Hiss teas ee oes Wariagna (Su ).
Hair of occiput whitish Sa ialvniea’ Bel wicke Fess . eee ape
2. Hair of thorax above yellowish-white (Neqada) ret 8 rugosisstma, Ckll.

Hair of thorax above bright orange-fulvous (Texas). . B/rkmanui, Ckll.
3 Hair of face and vertex with black intermixed (Wash.) . . pascoens?s, Ckll.
Hair of face and vertex without black intermixed (Colo., New
Mexico).. o ak .n. sp., Viereck, ined.
£. floridana (Sm.) rite occurs at cider te 9 taken March 25, the
¢ April 9. The insect, however, is not typical, but may rank as a
variety, thus :
Emphoropsts floridana, var. Fedorensis, n. var.
¢.—Hair of occiput black, of thoracic dorsum and first abdominal
segment white, with practically no yellow tint; spurs yellowish-white
(black, with reddish ends, in floridana); apical plate of abdomen
narrower at end.
? .—Hair of first abdominal segment with much black (all light in
floridana) ; pygidial plate broader at end, truncate, with five transverse

file-like lineole. Although the hair of the thorax above (yellowish-white
July, 1905

266 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in colour) in this and true foridana is described as being without black,
in both there are a very few black hairs, which can be seen if looked for.
This is not true, however, of the males.

The known males of Oe similar to floridana may be
separated thus :

Hair of thorax above with black conspicuously intermixed......... 3
Hair of thorax above without black intermixed .........-........-2.
1. Hair of abdomen beneath all black ; scape ee black
(Calif.).. ay a. . .interspersa, Cll.
Hair of abadraen evict ears alka at Piessk 3 in certain lights; scape
Wiehe im fionti@alifeeewiee.. . A cries. ae semifulva, Ckll.
z, Scape white or yellowish in front (Colo.).. ....Morrisonz (Cresson).
Seape gil bisck:.. t,o gesiaieats «ips ede «ope pice aoe
3. Hair of occiput black ; spurs Bg
white . eee : . floridana Fedorensis, Ckll.
Hair of Swat hight spurs same: seseeee+ floridana (Sm.).

Xenoglossa strenua 7 ( oR

The Fedor insect is the typical red-legged form, not the dark-legged

var. Kansensis, Ckll., which Snow obtains in Kansas.
Melissodes melanosoma, n. sp.

3 —Length just over 12 mm.; black, pubescence entirely black,
except on the face, iabrum, part of ES outer side of all the tarsi and
of hifd and apical half of middle tibiz, where it is white ; wings dark
fuliginous; clypeus light lemon yellow, with the usual black spot on each
side ; labrum dull whitish, the lateral margins black ; flagellum ferrugi-
nous beneath, except apical half of last joint. Agrees with JZ. dimacu/lata,
Lep., except in having the spurs piceous, and the hair of thorax and
abdomen wholly black, above and below; it is also a little larger than
bimaculata. It may prove to be only subspecifieally distinct, as
bimacudata itself is quite variable.

Hab.—Fedor, Texas, May 26, 1904 (Birkmann). The males of
the black me/issodes of the d:macu/ata group may be separated thus:

Clypeus entirely black ; abdomen and legs without white

hair (Mexico).. nh ate Sse ads .. pernigra, Ckll.
Clypeus black with a keabenvle vellow a or See See

abdomen with some white pubescenee (Mexico).. .af/vafa, Smith.
Clypeus yellow, with a black dot on each side; hind legs with much

white hairs!) a. o2. 0 UR Bel ee, RE

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267

1. Abdomen and thorax with the hair eee black

(Texas)... 2 ng foes -eeeee. melanosoma, Ckll.
Abdomen ih ciceeecaeas line baie at rasetes at least. petits: as
2. Hair of pleura and mesothorax largely dull white (S. BSniis,
Robertson) .. f «dd .. bimaculata, yvar. a,
Hair of pleura fal maniliote’ ae oe shtotanaege~s\'asS
3. Mandibles with a be pails spot (Balti has: Tule
Bridwell).. Dea .. bimaculata, Lep., var. b.
Mandibles with at most a.very minute veils dot (Ames, Iowa,
E. D. Baill) . Wey a re .. bimaculata, Lep., var. c.

A specimen of asa a, New York State has the hair of
pleura and mesothorax all black, so this is not especially a character of
western examples. The most western locality I know for AZ. dimaculata
is Wellsville, Kansas, where both sexes were taken by Mr. S. A. Johnson.

Anthedon compta (Cresson).

Both sexes of this magnificent species were taken at Fedor, June 19,

1899. ‘It is new to the fauna of Texas.
Anthophora abrupta, Say.

Fedor ; the female, April 8, 1904 ; males, April 27 and 29. Unless
the venation is examined, this will be likely to be confused with
Emphoropsis floridana Fedorensis.

BOOK NOTICES.
A CATALOGUE OF THE ERYCINID& OF THE WoRLD.—By Levi W. Mengel, Pro-
fessor of Natural History, Boys’ High School, Reading, Pa. I vol.,
pp. 161. (Price $2.00.)

This very full and comprehensive work will be of great value to all
students of Butterflies who do not confine their attention to the species
inhabiting their own country. It is similar in arrangement and style to
Dr. Skinner’s well-known Catalogue of North American Rhopalocera, giv-
ing full bibliographical references and habitat for each species. Its
extent may be realized by the following comparison : In the genus
Libythea Dr. Skinner gives 2 species and Prof. Mengel 21; in the sub.

family Lemoniinz the former has two genera, including 11 species, the
latter 86 genera and an enormous number of species. The book is very
clearly printed and is made complete by a full index of all the species
and synonyms contained in it. It may be obtained from the author.

263 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

ENTOMOLOGEN-ADRESSBUCH.--By W. Junk, Rathenower Strasse 22,
Berlin, N. W.,Germany. (Price 5 marks.) :

This directory of Entomologists throughout the world contains about
g,ooo names and addressess, with in most cases the special orders or fam-
ilies of insects to which the individual is devoted. The list is arranged
under countries, but there is added an alphabetical index which increases

its convenience very much. The volume includes also a catalogue of
over one hundred pages of new and second-hand books for sale by the
publisher.

’

GENERA INSECTORUM.—Published by P. Wytsman, Brussels, Belgium.

Fascicule 24— Heteroptera: family Pentatomidze,sub-fam. Scutellerinz,
by H. Schouteden. This part consists of 98 pages,with five coloured plates
on which are depicted about 80 species of Bugs, and several drawings in
the text. It is written in French.

Fascicule 25—Isoptera: family Termitide:, by Jules Desneux (also in
French), contains 52 pages and two coloured plates showing 12 species
of ‘* White-ants,” with many details of structure.

Fascicule 26—Diptera: family Culicide, by Fred V. Theobald (in
English), contains 50 pages and two coloured plates showing 24 species of
Mosquitoes.

These parts are all on the same general plan, giving a full description of
the family treated of, keys to sub-families and genera, the characters
of each genus and a list of species with geographical distribution and
bibliography. They are of very great value to those studying the partic-
ular group of insects treated of, but there is a difficulty in procuring
them, as subscriptions are apparently taken only for the whole work, and
the parts are not sold separately. As the entire cost will probably ap-
proach $400, very few students of Entomology can afford such an outlay,
while many would be delighted to purchase for a few dollars the part in
which they are specially interested.

REPORTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS OF THE DOMINION FOR
1904.—This goodly volume of over 500 pages contains a vast fund of
information on every variety of subject that can interest the farmer, fruit-
grower or gardener. In the portion furnished by Dr. Fletcher (pages
205-256), there are descriptions of a large number of insects affecting
cereals and field crops, roots and vegetables, fruit crops, and forest and
shade trees; special attention is drawn to the Pea-weevil and
Cut-worms among many other insect foes which have to be contended
with. He also furnishes in the Botanical portion, an account of the
injury to grain crops by Rust last year, which was most exceptional in
extent, owing, evidently, to peculiar atmospheric conditions.

Mailed June 29th, 1905.

The Canadian Kntomolagist

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, AUGUST, 1905. No. 8

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 8.
A MernHop oF MEasuRING INSECTS.
BY Jj, R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

The common callipers ordinarily sold for measuring insects have
always seemed to me too coarse for fine work. In the Hemiptera
especially, where there is an abundance of small forms, they would cer-
tainly be useless for the delicate measurements of antennz and limbs so
frequently necessary, and for the proportional dimensions called for in the
determination of species. While endeavouring to solve this problem, my
set of drawing instruments came to my
mind, and with the bow-dividers (Fig. 12)
the difficulty was partially solved. I ground
the points flat and parallel, to knife-edges.
Now, by means of the screw of the dividers
and by the use of a magnifier, it was possible to make direct measure-
ments of parts of an insect, such as diameter and length of limbs and
antenne, dimensions of the segments, etc. The next problem was an
accurate scale. In looking over the machine-too] catalogue of Brown, &
Sharpe, Providence, R. I.," I ran across*the cut of a little steel scale
(Fig. 13), 5, -em:. long;
graduated on one side

Da a jl
' bee po et
3= z= €

to centimeters, milli-
meters and sths of a
‘millimeter ; and on the
other to inches, halves, quarters, eighths, 64ths and rooth. With these
’ two appliances I can make measurements to within one-tenth millimeter
or less. As tothe manner of using them, whoever has the instruments
will at once see the way, without my entering into a prolix explanation.
The cost of the scale is trivial (25 cents); the dividers are more expen-
sive. I believe they cost something more than a dollar,

TO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA, CHIEFLY FROM ~- THE
SOUTHWEST.
BY H. C. FALL, PASADENA, CAL.

The following species of Coleoptera are sufficiently isolated or
conspicuous to warrant their description apart from any monographic
treatment of the genera to which they belong. The types of the three
species sent by Prof. Snow remain in his collection, or rather that of the
University of Kansas; the types of the remaining species are in the
writer’s collection.

Cardiophorus Arizonicus, 0. sp.—Form rather slender, black, moder-
ately shining, elytra each with a humeral stripe, and the apex testaceous,
antennz and legs pale, the thighs dusky ; pubescence short, recurved,
yellowish brown, becoming paler on the pale areas of the elytra. Second
joint of antenne three-fourths longer than wide (following joints missing);
frontal margin simple. Prothorax just visibly longer than wide, sides
parallel and very feebly arcuate in basal four-fifths, surface shining and -
finely punctate with scattered larger punctures ; fine punctures separated
on the average by their own diameters or slightly less ; basal striz long,
their length slightly greater than their distance from the side margin.
Elytra a little wider than the thorax, moderately convex, sides parallel,
gradually narrowed behind the middle, apex not acuminate, intervals a
little convex, finely sparsely punctulate, moderately shining; humeral stripe
extending from the base two-fifths the length of the .elytra, and from the
fourth stria to the margin ; apical pale area about. as, long as the basal
laterally, but shorter at the suture. Beneath finely but more densely
purctured than above, submarginal line of prothorax cariniform, reaching
beyond the middle. Prosternal process feebly ascending, the impressed
marginal lines finer posteriorly, but reaching nearly to the tip.

Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 2.2 mm.

Arizona (Oak Creek Canon, 6,000 feet, July). A single male
specimen sent by Prof. Snew.

By Blanchard’s table— Trans.,” XVI (1889), p. 4—this species
would fall near Zongzor, from which and all our other species it differs in
the elytral coloration.

Agrilus Snowt, n. sp.—Very robust, black, feebly shining, thorax
bronzed, head greenish; pubescence short, white, rather sparse and evenly

distributed, with dense white efflorescence at the sides of the pronotum, in
August, rg05

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271

the basal depressions of the elytra and throughout the wider surface.
Antenne slightly longer than the vertical diameter of the eye, serrate from
the fourth joint, outer joints transverse. Head coarsely punctate, feebly
concave, with fine median impressed line ; front with a shallow rounded
impression each side the median line. Prothorax wider than long, sides
as viewed from above straight and parallel in basal half, then narrowed
and nearly straight to apex ; anterior margin broadly arcuate at middle,
hind margin deeply sinuate each side, the median lobe truncate and a
little emarginate; surface uviformly feebly convex, without costz or depres-
sion except the carine of the hind angles, which are well defined and
nearly half the length of the thorax ; punctuation similar to that of the
head, and not forming rugz or strige. Scutellum not carinate. Elytra

parallel, sides moderately sinuate at middle, surface evenly convex except
for the basal depressions, rather finely imbricate, apices separately rounded
and minutely serrulate ; pygidium not carinate. Body beneath with dark
greenish lustre, except the legs, which are bronzed ; pubescence more
abundant than above, and with the dense efflorescence nearly concealing
the surface ; prosternum broadly arcuato-truncate in front, the intercoxal
process broad and subtruncate at tip; first ventral suture visible from side
to side, margin of Jast ventral not distinctly serrate. Front tibize arcuate,
inner apical angle mucronate ; middle tibiz slightly arcuate, and with a
small mucro at tip ; hind tibie straight, simple ; claws with a moderate
tooth, which is not inflexed, and is a little longer in the anterior pair.

Length, 9.5 mm.; width, 3 mm.
Arizona, ‘‘ Bill Williams Fork” (Snow).

The type is a male, judging from the arcuate and mucronate tibie,
but there are no prosternal or ventral characters to support this view.
The very broad form gives it a facies entirely different from any of the
known species of our fauna, nor is there anything like it in the “Biologia,”
as I am informed by Mr. Blanchard, who kindly investigated this point for
me. By Horn’s table the present species would be associated with Wad-
singhami and pulchel/a, in which the first ventral suture is better developed
than elsewhere. Notwithstanding the decidedly owt»e appearance of
Snowi, there appear to be no grounds for generic separation. It may be
noted that the submarginal carina of the protharacic flanks is more nearly
parallel to the margin than in any other species known to me,

Bie THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Cheiroplatys verticalis, 1. sp.—Black above, castaneous or blackish-
castaneous beneath. A little smaller than ¢c/uzza/is, from which it differs
chiefly as follows: Body more distinctly wider behind, cephalic tubercle
very obviously more posterior in position ; prothorax much more sparsely
and finely punctate in front, side margins a little stronger, front margin
without trace of median prominence, basal marginal groove deeper, and
nearly equally strong throughout ; ventral segments more punctured, apex
of middle and hind tibiz strongly crenulate and with fewer spinules; front
tibiz acutely tridentate. There are some other small differences which may
or may not be specific in nature.

Length, 22-23 mm.; width, about 13 mm.

Las Vegas, New Mexico.

Two examples, both apparently females, sent by Prof. Cockerell. It
is not unlikely that specimens of this species will be found mixed with
clunalis in collections ; if so, the characters given above are amply
sufficient for its recognition. I have compared with Fairmaire’s descrip-
tions of Mexican species, and do not find any mention of the-points which
I rely upon here. Bates, in the “ Biologia,” gives four Mexican species,
viz., cultripes, clunalts, Fairmatrei and tsodonoides. The first, he says,
is ‘* barely distinguishable from c/una/is by the immarginate base of the
prothorax. Under c/unalis he places Fairmaire’s Sa//ez and marginatus,
and a study of the descriptions convinces me that this course is correct.
Both Fairmatiret and isodonoides are distinctly smaller species than
verticalts. a

Gymnetis impius, n. sp.—Smaller and less robust than Sad/ec or
cretacea, upper surface in typical specimens uniformly velvety black,
without sculpture or markings ; lower surface shining black, with greenish
reflections. In many examples the prothorax and elytra are entirely
brownish yellow, in which case the velvety aspect is less pronounced, and
there are visible faint lines of minute punctures on the elytra, and very
fine scattered punctures toward the sides of the prothorax. These
examples may or may not be fully mature. Clypeus widely reflexed,
front concave and acutely longitudinally carinate ; basal lobe of thorax
acutely rounded, lateral marginal bead strong; mesosternal epimera
punctured and hairy above ; sutural angles of elytra divergent and a little

prominent ; metasternum rather densely punctured at sides, smooth at
middle, its intercoxal process flat and obtusely rounded in front.

Length, 17-18 mm.

Fort Huachuca, Arizona.

bo
—T
SX)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Euphoria limbalis, n. sp.—Smaller than fudgida; upper surface
polished ; entire disk of thorax and elytra of a uniform green, rather less
brilliant than in /wdgida; side margins of thorax and elytra brownish
testaceous, legs in great part testaceous. Head as in fudgida; prothorax
with the sides distinctly less strongly convergent from base to apical
third, disk more coarsely and numerously punctate, the punctures nearly
even in size and distribution throughout ; lateral bead slightly stronger
than in fudgida. FElytra rather more coarsely punctate than in fulyida,
and with numerous small cretaceous spots. Pygidium entirely testaceous,
with four cretaceous spots; ventral segments more or less tinged with
testaceous, the terminal segment entirely of this colour ; first five seg-
ments with a cretaceous spot at the lateral margin. Sculpture beneath
and legs nearly as in fu/gida, except that the ventral segments are more
evidently though very sparsely punctate.

Length, 12 mm.

Enterprise, Florida. A single female specimen given me by Mr.
Schwarz.

Euphoria holochloris, n. sp.—Moderately brilliant green above,
slightly darker at sides of elytra and beneath, surface lustre feebly bluish
in certain lights, the under side and legs distinctly blue-green, tarsi black;
cretaceous spots entirely wanting. Prothorax a little less strongly
narrowed from the base and scutellum, less elongate than in /fwlgida;
otherwise nearly as in the latter species.

Length, 16-17 mm.

Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 2 ¢’s,1 ?. Kindly given me by Mr. F.
S. Daggett, in whose collection are numerous examples.

I have seen examples of this species in both the LeConte and Horn
collections ; in the former it is properly separated, but in the latter it
stands with /wdgida. Aside from the differences mentioned above, it
should be noted that in the male of fwdgida there is a group of very fine
punctures at the middle of the first three or four ventral segments, no
trace of which appears in holochloris.

The statement made by Horn that the upper surface in fulgida is
“entirely void of pubescence,” is not strictly true, there being, especially
on the elytra, numerous very short suberect hairs, which are distinct
enough in well-preserved specimens of all the above mentioned species,
which may be separated as follows :

274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Legs in great part pale ; pygidium, sides of the abdomen, and frequently
the elytra with cretaceous spots. .

Prothorax nearly as strongly punctured at middle as at sides ; less
strongly narrowed from base ; elytra green, with testaceous

Mare es sss Bede ond Rone eS re

Prothorax much more sparsely and finely punctate at middle than at

sides; more strongly narrowed from base; elytra uniform in color-

ation, varying from green to brownish yellow........../fulgida.

Legs concolorous with the lower surface; cretaceous spots lacking ;

scutellum: less €longate® oo. 5 52+. feces ads a Se nn oceel AO

Prionus heros, n. sp.—Nearly black, the under surface and legs tend-

ing to castaneous in the female. Form very robust, prothorax nearly as
wide as in /afico//is, but distinctly more coarsely and densely punctate
than in that species, sex for sex; lateral teeth more acute than in
laticollis, but less so than in Cadifornicus. Elytra moderately shining, the
raised lines sharply defined in the male, feeble in the female, punctuation
nearly as in Ca/ifornicus in the female, coarser in the male, but not at all
rugose. Antenne 12-jointed, of the usual form. Prosternal process
strongly ascending at tip when viewed laterally, more inflated apically
and subhorizontal in /afico//is. Metasternum moderately hairy in the
male, nearly glabrous in the female. Soles of hind tarsi densely spongy
pubescent, with a distinct median channel which is wider on the basal
joint, and evidently wider on all the joints than in J/afico/dis. In the
female the median channel is still wider, and is well marked in the middle
tarsi, scarcely so in Zaticod/is,

Length, 40 (¢); 48 mm. (@ ).
Described from a single pair taken in Southern (?) Arizona.

Heros should stand between Zatico/lis and Cadifornicus, differing from
the former in its larger size, more coarsely, punctate prothorax, with more
acute lateral teeth, smoother elytra, strongly ascending prosternal process,
and less completely pilose tarsal soles. From Cadéfornicus it differs in its
more robust form, wider prothorax and glabrous metasternum in the
female. There do not seem to be any Mexican species with which the
present one can be confused, both Mohri and AZexicanus, the only species
accredited to that region in the ‘ Biologia,” differing in the number of
antennal joints, thirteen in the former and fourteen in the latter.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275

Alephus nitidipennis, n. sp.— Elongate, rufo-testaceous, head and
thorax opaque, elytra strongly shining ; pubescence very fine, sparse, paie
in colour, and extremely inconspicuous, Eyes rather large, plainly more
prominent than the sides of the front, separated beneath by a distance not
much less than twice the length of the second antennal joint.

Antenne slender, filiform, two-fifths the length of the body, the eighth
joint reaching the hind angles of the prothorax ; fourth joint very nearly
four times as long as wide ; outer joints decreasing a little in length, the
ninth and tenth feebly obconical, the eleventh fusiform, pointed, and equal
in length to the tenth. Prothorax one-third wider than long, sides
parallel in basal half, then rounded and moderately convergent to apex ;
margin barely perceptibly sinuate before the hind angles, the latter right

and not rounded at vertex ; disk rather feebly longitudinally impressed,
the impression deeper behind ; flattened at sides posteriorly ; surface of
head and prothorax densely, finely reticulate punctate. Elytra scarcely
one-fifth wider, and a little more than three times as long as the prothorax;
sides parallel in rather more than basal half, then gradually narrowed to
apex ; surface sparsely finely punctate. Under surface of prothorax more
coarsely reticulate than the upper, mesosternum reticulate, abdomen
sparsely, finely punctate. Basal joint of hind tarsus subequal in length to
the entire remainder; second and third joints each more than twice as
long as wide.

Length, 6.5 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Two examples, not differing perceptibly, from Palm Springs, Calli-
fornia. Others are in the collection of Dr. Fenyes, from whom I received
my specimens. As compared with the present species, pa//idus is dis-
tinctly larger (8 to 9 mm.), of rather stouter form, with the elytra nearly
one-half wider than the prothorax, the latter one-half wider than long.
The antennz are shorter and stouter, the fourth joint barely twice as long
as wide ; eyes much smaller and scarcely more prominent than the sides
of the front ; basal joint of hind tarsus shorter than the remainder, the
second and third joints less than twice as long as wide. The elytra are
much less shining than in zétidipennis, and are apparently entirely devoid
of pubescence. One of the two examples of w7ztédipennis is surely a male,
but there is no trace of the small brush of hairs near the tip of the penul-
timate ventral segment mentioned in the description of pa//idus,

276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A. gracilis, n. sp.—Rufo-testaceous, very elongate, pubescence
excessively short, sparse and indistinct. Head and thorax opaque, elytra
moderately shining. Antennz nearly attaining the middle of the elytra,
slender, filiform ; fourth joint about three times as long as wide ; eleventh
about three-fourths as long as the tenth, the latter not at all obconical.
Eyes very large, separated beneath by a distance which is scarcely equal
to the length of the second antennal joint. Prothorax a little transverse, _
sides straight and parallel in basal three-fourths, just perceptibly sinuate
before the hind angles, which are right and sharply defined ; disc not
impressed at middle, feebly flattened at sides posteriorly. Elytra fully
one-half wider and four times as long as the prothorax ; sculpture of
surface nearly as in métidipennis, except that the elytra are more closely
punctate, the punctures separated on the average by little more than their
own diameters, while in z/¢idipennis they are distant from two to three
times their own diameters. Lower surface and legs nearly as in
nitidipennis.

Length, 7 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Described from a single male specimen taken by Professor Snow in
Oak Creek Canon (elevation, 6,000 ft.), Arizona.

The principal differences mentioned above are summarized in the
following table:

Eyes small, very slightly more prominent than the sides of the front,
separated beneath by a distance which is about three times the
length of the second antennal joint ; fourth joint of antenne barely
twice.as lohg-as -witle 3257 2a e sce oes ve © ha oe oe

Eyes much larger ; much more prominent than the sides of the front ;
fourth joint of antenne three to four times as long as wide.

Eyes separated beneath by a distance which is nearly twice the length
of the second antennal joint ; tenth joint of antenne obconical,
eleventh not shorter; prothorax narrowed from the middle; elytra
not much wider at base than the prothorax, strongly
shining. 245.0. gen h wwiaceg--ipin 2s wa vee s er

Eyes separated beneath by a distance which is scarcely as great as the
length of the second antennal joint; tenth joint parallel, eleventh
shorter than the tenth ; elytra much wider than the prothorax at
pase ; moderately shining... 0. ce. 9) Je ess gee cence P Cen

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SA tl

SYNOPSIS OF BEES OF OREGON, WASHINGTON, BRITISH
COLUMBIA AND VANCOUVER.—IV.
BY H. L. VIERECK, ASSISTED BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, E. S. G. TITUS, J. C.
CRAWFORD, JR., AND M. H. SWENK.

CERATINIDE.

: Ceratina, Latr.
Ceratina submaritima, Ckll.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 352,

1897.

Corvallis, Or, 9 9, 29th May, 4th June, 1897; 24th, 25th May, 7th
June, 1898; ¢ g, 15th May, 1897; 25th, 27th April, 7th May, 1898 ;
21st May, 3rd, oth June, 1899. Elkton, Or, 9 @ and ¢ 6, 17th

January, 1897.
DUFOUREID&.

Flalictoides, Ny).
Flalictoides campanule, Ck\l.—Can. Ent., XXIX, p. 289, 1897.
Olympia, Wash., 30th June; 24th June, 1895 (T. Kincaid). Visits
the flowers of Campanula scoulert.
PANURGIDAZ.
E Panurginus, Ny).
Panurginus atriceps (Cress.)—(Calliopsis) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

WAT p67, 1870.

Seattle, Wash., rst July, 1899 ; 13th, zoth, 28th May to 2nd June,

1896. ff, Seattle, Wash., 14th May, at flowers of Rudus ursinus.

Perdita, Sm.
Perdita albipennis, Cress.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 386, 1868.
Wash. Received three, Mr. Lovell.
Prof. Cockerell says that this species followsthe sunflower, and that
its appearance in Washington is, for this reason, not astonishing.
Calliopsis, Sm.

Face entirely black ; abdomen with a spot on each side of the first two
segments, a broadly interrupted band on the third, and an almost
continuous band on the fourth, white ................... personatus.

Face with an almost quadrate yellow mark between the eye and clypeus,
this mark with a linear prolongation up along the eye margin to a point
on a line with the insertion of the antenne; first four abdominal
segments with transverse bands, which are linear except laterally, where

Due y are DFOAU rane SIUALE . <b ies are: 4, vieivahb re Hadi ase svg ws obscurellus.
August, 1905

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Calliopsis personatus, Ckll.--Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. p. 349,
1897. 9.
Pasco, Wash., May 25, 1896 (T. Kincaid).
Calliopsis obscurellus, Cress —Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 201,
1878-1879. ;
Pasco, Wash., May 25, 1896 (T. Kincaid).
MELECTID.
Lombome/ecta, Patton.

=

Pygidial area with the sides parallel or nearly, usually elevated along
the middle; 12 mm. long or more; abdomen not distinctly
spotted, if at all, with pale pubescence on the first segment ...-1.

1. Dorsulum with a band of black hair extending from one wing to the
other.

A spot of white appressed pubescence on each side of abdominal

seminents' 7 ands, .')<2 ses ....séparata, var. maculata.
Pubescence of dorsulum concolorous............... Fo ox oe eeenaeaa
2. Pubescence of dorsulum pale ochreous...........2...e000- patifica.
Pubescence of dorsulum orange fulvous ..................-fulvida.

s)

First joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than the second ; pubescence
from almost white to pale ochraceous and yellow ochraceous. . pacifica.
Bombomelecta separata, var. maculata, Vier.—Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,
XXIX, p. 181, 2, 1903.
Condon, Or., 23rd July, 1899 (Cordley).
B. pacifica, Cress'—Ibid., VII, p. 204, 1879, 9, not g. First
described as a variety of thoractca.
Vernon, B. C., 24th May, 1903 (Venables), received through Mr.
Titus.
B. fulvida, Cress —Ibid. First described as a variety of thoracica.
Vernon, B. C., 3rd May, 1903 (Venables), received through Mr.
Titus.
Triepeolus, Robt.
Triepeolus paenepectoralis, Vier, n. sp.
Related to 7: pectoradis, from which it differs in having the pectus
closely coarsely punctured, and in the different coloration,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2

~T
Yo}

9? gmm. Head rather dullish ; cheeks, vertex, occiput and front
almost uniformly closely rugulosely punctured, the cheeks less coarsely so
than the vertex and front, a distinct keel from a point on a line with the
anterior edge of the antennal fossz to the middle of the front, from there
on continued close to the anterior ocellus as a raised line; supraclypeal
space and clypeus minutely tessellate, the former with a few indistinct
punctures, the latter with sparse, rather distinct punctures ; labrum closely
rugulose, with two rather distinct, well-separated longitudinal raised lines
in the middle of the anterior half; malar space completely obliterated ;
scape as long as the pedicellum and first two joints of the flagellum com-
bined, first joint of the flagellum about two-thirds the length of the second;
middle third of the face transversely covered more or less with whitish
appressed pubescence; upper part of front, vertex and occiput with brownish,
more or less erect pubescence, cheeks with inconspicuous appressed
whitish and brownish pubescence. :

Thorax dullish, almost uniformly closely rugulosely punctured like
the cheeks ; dorsulum with inconspicuous appressed brownish pubescence,
with a short longitudinal stripe of yellowish pubescence on each side of
the middle, the edge of the tegulze and the posterior edge of the dorsulum
with a narrow border of yellowish pubescence; prothorax with inconspicu-
ous pubescence except the pronotum, which is covered with yellowish
appressed pubescence ; scutellum with inconspicuous appressed brownish
pubescence, the posterior margin with yellowish appressed pubescence ;
postscutellum with appressed yellowish pubescence ; metanotum rather
flat, the funnel shape area smooth and bare, rather shining and impunc-
tate, remainder of the metathorax with brownish appressed pubescence
except along the edge of the area, where there is some pale appressed
pubescence ; mesopleura to a great extent, and sternum, covered’ with
appressed brownish pubescence, the mesopleura with a rather broad band
of yellowish appressed pubescence on the anterior edge of the upper half
of the sclerite; extending off from this band obiiquely downward and
backward is a short band nearly as wide as the band from which it springs;
wings typical.

Abdomen dorsally nearly as in fectoradis, greater part of disc of
pygidium covered with stiff brownish hairs ; venter of abdomen minutely
closely punctured with rather distinct brown appressed pubescence, almost
entirely black, or very dark brown, basal joint of flagellum somewhat
brownish, the second joint brownish at base.

280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Type Am. Ent. Soc., Phil.
Type locality, Vancouver I., Canada.
Species of Zy/epeolus, related-to occidentalis, and represented only

by the ¢:
First joint of the flagellum not much more than one-half the length of
the second . ry Rea tg EAS 2 eRe. Ge Reena Pe oe.
t. Legs and labrum ferriginoue phere yer a st Sis eo var. I.
First joint of the flagellum nearly as anne as the second, ey
2. Femora, except anterior pair, largely black ; anterior fentoehs all tibiz
and all tarsi ferruginous ; labrum reddish .. .. occidentalis, var. 2?
Legs entirely black, excepting the eee and the tarsi, the former
being white and the latter brownish. Sr eee .n. sp.?

Triepeolus occidentalis (Cress.).—Tr. A. E. S., VII, p. a Spy, os;

The co-types of this species are from Catone: and have an almost
entirely black labrum.

Var. 1. Oregon. (Received through the courtesy of Mr. J. H.
Lovell.)

Triepeolus occidentalis, var. 2?

Oregon. (Through Mr. J. H. Lovell.)

Triepeolus, n. sp.?

Vernon, B. C., 12th Aug., 1904 (Harvey).

Epeolus, Latr.

Markings of abdomen white or pale or cream colour; mark on first
abdominal segment a transverse band ; bands on second to fourth seg-
ments interrupted in the middle line ; size small ; femora
1 td Sg en ey _olymptellus.

Epeolus lye balts; Chih Aan. & ase N. cee XIII, p. 41, 1904.

Olympia, Wash., 2nd July, 1896 (Kincaid).

Epeolus tristicolor, Vier., n. sp.

Related to autumnadis, from which it differs in size, structure and
colour.

The italicized characters in 7) penepectoralis occur in this species,
and are not here repeated.

?.—8.5 mm. Frontal keel originating as in 7? penepectoralis, but
not extending higher than the middle of the front even as a raised line,
and not connected with the anterior ocellus by a shining line; clypeus
and supraclypeal space sculptured nearly like the cheeks, somewhat
shining ; labrum sculptured much like the front, with two short teeth on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281

the anterior margin, these teeth being about as far apart as the pedicellum
is wide ; scape nearly as long as the pedicellum and first two joints .of
the flagellum combined ; first joint of the flagellum as long as the second;
upper part of front, vertex and occiput.with less conspicuous whitish
pubescence than on the middle third of the face; dorsulum with a more or
less distinct margin of appressed dirty white pubescence, somewhat tinted
with ochreous, this margin interrupted on the anterior edge of the
dorsulum, the interruption as wide as the scape is long; on each side of
the interruption the pubescent margin is prolonged back on the dorsulum
at right angles to the anterior margin for a distance somewhat less than
the interruption cited above ; pronotum, pleura, except the lower half of
the mesopleura, which is nearly bare, posterior margin of scutellum and
postscutellum with appressed pubescence similar to that on the dorsulum,
but paler, more whitish; the scntellar spines are distinctly shorter than the
convexity of the scutellum ; metanotum uniformly dull, with an indistinct
median longitudinal rugulose impression ; sternum uniformly pubescent
like the superior half of the mesopleura, the pubescence of the sternum
almost white.

Abdomen: The pubescence is rather rubbed off, but is nearly as
follows : Anterior face of basal segment with appressed pubescence of
much the same colour as the pale pubescence on the dorsulum, this pubes-
cent area connected by a broad band of concolorous pubescence, with the
apical band occupying the depressed portion of the segment, narrower
than the connecting band, but also concolorous, succeeding segments with
only the apical band, which is similar to the apical band of the first seg-
ment, the penultimate segment almost uniformly covered with appressed
pubescence, otherwise the abdomen is clothed with brownish pubescence
excepting the lunule and all of the venter but the apica! segment ;
pygidium rather flat, and with lateral margins.

Almost entirely black ; flagellum brownish, mandibles ferruginous
except at extreme base and apex, where they are blackish ; legs blackish,
knees, apices of tibize and tarsi ferruginous.

Two 2 @. Paratype differs as follows: The frontal keel prolonged
as a raised line higher than the middle of the front, and finally connecting
with the anterior ocellus by a smooth shining line; the median longitudinal
groove on the metanotum is here a distinct shallow channel.

Type Am. Ent. Society, Phila. Two specimens from type locality.

Type locality, Vancouver.

282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NoOMADINA,
Guathias, Robt.
Length over ro mm.; abdomen dark red; third submarginal cell nar-
rowed almost to a point above ; first abdominal segment with a

black mark on each side. See é Bere os?
Length under 10 mm.; third Pibmaveiaal is not so jaautae narrowed,
except 10 Gray? Caslonensts oro a ay et BN ee
1. Second segment of abdomen with distinct yellow spots
(gth May).. SRO a: Sees . .perbella, Vier, n. sp.
Second segment sh abdomnea win no sallow snes
(28th May) Ais ca Sea veg tale © acm cue ee Stel hee
2. Two submarginal cells ....................+ Grayt eastonensis, Vat. —
Three submarginal cells ne. 0. eee bees be ee oe ee

3. Orbits hardly converging below ; third submarginal cell very high and
narrrow, but not much narrowed to marginal

CWiash)e. te:. ace. oe bbe a. ite lefinis) siete TBA estiw Seatip A rrr
Orbits conspicuously converging Below: Me eerer et
4. Abdomen dark ted.(April):.. 22.02.02. 202.05. ap. e+ oe CORO MEE
Abdomen light red (May).. ssa wet: eRe

5. Third submarginal cell nanawed heariv's toa Soin ‘Shove ‘broad
below (W ashi):7 7” cee. 5 cnn oe wee ess GHAYt COSLOMENSES.
Third submarginal cell not Te narroned aos >. eal v «am inane ee

3

Scutellum black or red; tegule ferruginous ; clypeus with only the
anterior margin yellow, though often broadly ; second submarginal cell
recelving the recurrent nervure beyond its middle ; abdomen light red,
with four large yellow spots ; scape black in front ; second submarginal
cell narrow...... a8 SIT ae sao cited te ek ea eee rhodomelas.

Species very like Viale males scape limeet entirely ferruginous, second
submarginal cell broad, as broad at base as high ; abdomen dark red ;
thorax, excepting scutellum, which is red, black: second and third
abdominal segments with a HERS Oe yellow spot on
exch side: juste ae wis ccPgade Sirs ly tae ES oes ep ae

Guathias Sephiitdie n. Sp.
This is the species mistaken by Prof. Cockerell for a variety of de//a,

It can readily be distinguished by the characters given in the table. This

species may prove to be a race of macu/ata. I wish to retract my state-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283

ment that e/a is very likely the other sex of macudata, since my recent
studies in this genus have convinced me that this is hardly possible, owing
to the different habitus and entirely different colour of de//a.

Type Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

Type locality, Corvallis, Oregon.

Corvallis, Or., 9th May, 1898; 28th May, 1899 (Cordley); Hoquiam,
Wash., 29th May, 1904, flying (Burke), received through the courtesy of
Dr. A. D. Hopkins, Olympia, Wash.; Seattle, Wash., June 25th, 1897
(Kincaid) ; Glenora, B. C. (Wickham) ; Vancouver, received through the
courtesy of Mr. J. H. Lovell.

Gnathias Gray, Ckll.—Ann. & Mag., N. H., XII, 203, 1903, ?.

Corvallis, Or., 7th May, 1898 (Cordley).

Gnathias Grayi eastonensis, Ckll.

Easton, Wash. (K.), from U.S. N. M.

Var. with two submarginal cells. Wash. (A. E. S., Phila.)
Gnathias Washingtoni, Ckl\l.—Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., LV, p. 598,
£03529.
Wash. (Am. Ent. Soc., Phila.)
Gnathias rhodomelas, Ck\l.—Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., LV, 598,
1903, 3.
Corvallis, Or., zoth May, 1899, 15th April, 9 (Cordley).
There issome doubt whether the 9 placed here really belongs to
rhodomelas.
Centrias, Robt.
Hind femora not arcuate ; base of abdomen not red; antennz with a pale
annulus ; hind femora with much black ; no supraclypeal
Ue 2 SSS ei EO TR rare nore en a scitiformts.
Centrias scitiformis, Ckll.—Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, LV, 591,
1903, 6
Corvallis, Or., znd-8th June (Cordley).
Holonomada, Robt.
(Here belongs intercepta. See Womada.)
First joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than the second ; only about
one-third of the pleura yellow.
Tegument shining ; punctures io everywhere rather distinctly
separated.. ey twee sib Sta garb nF» .suavis.
Tegument Aathiatie punctures very ates re rugnlose, Waa iie

284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

First joint of the flagellum a little longer than the second ; more than one-
half of the pleura yellow........ saree .Edwardsit.
Similar to Edwardsii in the length of the ‘aileanal pes pate a spot of
yellow on the pleura, the spot at the anterior inferior corner; very like
Hemphilii, the yellow of the scutellum reduced to two spots ; seventh
segment entire. he : ..vinnula 6.
flolonomada Se een , Bare. Ane Ent oe VI, 202, 1879,
de.
May be only a race of Edwardsii, or perhaps only a mutation.
Corvallis, Or., t-1o June. (Cordley.)
feolonomada Edwardsii (Cress.).—Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 72,
1879, ¢.
Corvallis, Or., 3rd April, 11th May, June (Cordley). Washington
(AC. So PS.
Hlolonomada suavis (Cress.).—Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 74, 1879,
aoe
Oregon (A. E. S. P.).
Xanthidium, Robt.
Third joint of the antenne subequal with the fourth ; posterior orbital
margin yellow, mesothorax black, with or without stripes ; face
broader than long ; lateral face-mark receding from orbits above ;

end of flagellum black abovess...50. 0.202 .5 ts... oa ele
Lateral face-marks not receding oe es ot. Deas eS
Joint three longer tam tour s,s °< 2-4 .10s eae ee Pea ata eee Cordleyi.
Joint three:shorter than four... . 2 .%G00. |. Su ee = oe

1. Scutellum black. Pe ee eee eh ee
Scutellum red. ps bral Sade s bd ce ueuan< ae
Scutellum yellows or spotted elt Satie cae sds 536 on

2. Basal nervure meeting the transverse atid NEIVUTe. 2 52

Basal nervure ending distinctly basad of the transverse medial nervure. 4.
4. Legs yellow and black, sometimes with a red ‘suffusion, especially
toward the base; apex of abdomen notched, though sometimes

obscurely ; legs with ‘red if anyon. os ee

5. Pleura with a large transverse yellow patch. ese ine
Pleura with a smaller yeilow mark below tieeclaa Pr

6. The yellow patch not divided in the middle; seutaties vith two
yellow spots ; mesothorax all black.. | EM a A ee

7. Lateral face-marks continued narrowly to top of eye ; ‘> fapeinns not
denticulate ; tibie yellow, with a black spot behind... .. ..cvdle.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285

A separate genus may have to be erected for the reception of
Cordleyi.

Xanthidium ? Cordleyi, Ckll.—Ann. & Mag., N. H., XII, 445, 1903,
dé:

Corvallis, Or., 3rd June, 1899. (Cordley.)

Xanthidium citrinum (Cress.).—Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 79, 1879,

Me TAH. 5.tE.):

Xanthidium civile (Cress.).—Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 78, 1879, 2.

Corvallis, Or., 3rd June, 1899. (Cordley.)

AXanthidium modocorum, Ck\l_—Ann. & Mag., N.H., XII, p. 445,
1903, 6.

Corvallis, Or., June. (Cordley.)

Xanthidium libatum (Cress.).—Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 80, 1879,
od:

Oregon. (Through Mr. Lovell.) ¢ differs from Colorado co-types
as follows: Metathorax with a median black line as wide as the flagel-
lum ; abdominal bands yellowish-white.

Xanthidium rivale (Cress.).—Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 79, 1879, ¢.

Wash. (Am. Ent. Soc., Phila.)

Nomada, Fabr.; Holonomada, Robt. (intercepta), and Nomadula, Ckl.

(erytrochroa ).
Abdomen with black bands (June)...... .......... nigrocincta, Sm.
Abdomen with a black band at apex of first abdominal
BEPIMICRE. so cntce's' + 5 .Cressont Trevoriana, Ckll., n. subsp.
Abdomen pitront black Boucle Ce nt aeee &

1. Abdomen with yellow spots on She Eero. dad: seis ‘ileal seg-
ments ; more or less of a band on the fourth, etc.; third antennal
joint about equal with the fourth; a little yellow at lower corners

of face. (May and June). Ae » bk tale aie
Abdomen without yellow eon or spit small potion ere
2. Thorax almost entirely ferruginous. Poe ‘ ; ores

Thorax almost entirely black, Schiing South, er Prine n.sp.
Thcrax almost entirely black; scutellum ferruginous ; abdomen im-

maculate beneath.. . vicinalts eaten CkIL, n. subsp.
3. Abdomen without yellow spots. . ; ms
Abdomen with yellow spots (4 or By, yellow at ‘lower corners s of face ; ;

third antennal joint longer than the fourth. sacabe tet Sanh aye y'a 6
4. About ro mm. TE PN eae SNE oats Bee NDE Nomen te lcttae Bene
Pees TOMLAONE. 1 os. live oe ce mh a amd dite CRY Eee 7

August, 1905

286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Third antennal joint almost as long as fourth ; no yellow at corners of
face ; sides of abdomen with suffused black marks. (April). Clarkit.
Third antennal joint distinctly shorter than.the fourth ; no yellow at
corners of face ; sides of abdomen without black .. .. Kincaidiana.

6. Base of abdomen with a black mark in middle, or with black right

we

on

across.

Third antennal joint not much shorter than fourth. (May,

June) eo. pene atte Bets . Oregonica.

Third antennal joint deheny shoes ne the fourth Hoodiana.

Base of abdomen without a black mark in the middle; third antennal

joint much shorter than the fourth. (May, June)........ ultima.

7. Yellow at lower corners of face.

Third antennal joint not more than one-half the length of the

fourth ; sides of abdomen inciined to be black spotted. (May, —

June)... De eee : Rae .. Astort.
Third sitruwal joint neirive as aes as Semel ; ee, of abate
not at all black spotted . «02:52... 260 22 Seca

No yellow at iower corners of face.
Third antennal joint at least as long as fourth ; abdomen dark red,

its sides without black marks. (May).. .....Corvalltsensis.
Third joint distinctly shorter than fourth, but more than half as
long . 25-5 seme es es wees... erythrochroa.

Nomada ae S Sh. new spec, set aia Brit, Mies. 99, ¢.
Corvallis, Or., 3rd June, 1899. (Cordley.)

Nomada Cressoni Trevoriana, Ckll., n. subsp.

No subdiscal cuneate spot on fourth abdominal segment.
Olympia, Wash., 22nd April, 1894. (T. Kincaid.)

Nomada Lewisit, Ckil.—Ann. & Mag., N. H., XII, 205, 1903.
Corvallis, Or., 7th May, 5th June. (Cordley.)

Nomada gibbosa, Vier., 0. sp

Type Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Type locality, Oregon.
Received through the courtesy of Mr. J. H. Lovell.

Nomada vicinalis infrarubens, Ck\l.—Bull. 94, Coio. Expt. Sta.,

=
(ya
ae

Labrum very hairy ; ends of linear upward prolongation of lateral
face-marks slightly bending from orbits ; flagellum bright red, the last
joint pointed, the first five joints black above; hair of upper part of
thorax (especially scutellum) strongly brownish ; tubercles reddish, with a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 287

yellow spot ; tegule, scutellum, two stripes on mesothorax, and a small
mark on lower part of pleura, in front, red ; first abdominal segment with
basal half black, with two red marks ; yellow bands on segments one to
five, broadly interrupted by red in the middle ; sixth segment with a short
bilobed yellow band ; apical plate very hairy. The antenne remind one
of WV. Pascoensis, but the insect is otherwise very different.

Type Acad. Nat. Sci., Phiia., Pa. Type locality, Corvailis, Oregon.
June, 1899. (Cordley.)

Nomada Clarkii, Ckil.—Ibid, 203, 2.

Corvallis, Or., 6th April. (Cordley.)

Nomada Kincaidiana, Ckll—Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., LV, 614,
1903, 2. :

Wash. (Am. Ent. Soc., Phila.)

NVomada Oregonica, Ckil.—Ann. & Mag., N. H., XII, 205, 1903,
?¢-
Corvallis, Or., 2, 21st May to 7th June; ¢, 27th April. (Cordley.)
Nomada Hoodiana, Ck\il.—Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, LV, p. 608,
1903, 2.

Mt. Hood, Or. (Am. Ent. Soc., Phila.)

Nomada ultima, Ckil.—Ibid, 206, 2.

Corvallis, Or., May to 7th June. (Cordley.)

Nomada Astori, Ckil.—Ibid, 206, 2.

Corvallis, Or., 9, June; var. a, zoth May. (Cordley.)

Nomada Fow/eri, Ckil.—Ibid, 204, 2. :

Corvallis, Or., 15th April, 1897.

Nomada Corvallisensis, Ckll.—Ibid, 207, ¢.

Corvallis, Or., 24th May. (Cordley.)

Nomadula erythrochroa, Ckll.—Ibid, 203, ¢. Belongs to Centrias
according to Robertson.

Pasco, Wash., 25th May, 1896... (T. Kincaid.)

Nomada intercepta, Sm., n. sp.—Hym. Brit. Mus., 100, ¢, is a
Holonomada, Vanc.

Prof. Cockerell examined the type, with the following results:
** Pleura black, with a large yellow mark in front. Head very hairy,
supraclypeal area with a yellow spot, and metathorax with a yellow mark
on each side. Apical plate of abdomen narrow, broadly rounded, entire.
Third antennal joint longer than fourth. Basal nervure passing a little
basad of transverse medial.”

(To be continued.)

288 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE RED-HEADED ORCHELIMUM AND SOME OTHER NEW
JERSEY ORTHOPTERA.

BY WM. ‘TT. DAVIS, NEW BRIGHTON, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y.

It seems quite certain in considering Redtenbacher’s description of
Xiphidium agile, DeGeer, which he considers the same as Orchelimum
vulgare, Harris, that he took for his type of the species what is generally
identified as O. vulgare. His figure (80) is also a typical vulgare. He
says the elytra not at all or scarcely exceeding the hind femora, very little
shorter than or equalling the wings. All the femora unarmed. These are
characters of O. vulgare,. Harris.

DeGeer’s figure, however, shows a rather slender insect, in which the
wings are longer than the elytra, and he says the wing-covers are trans-
parent. Such an insect, with the hind femora spined on the under side,

occurs in New Jersey, and has been identified by Prof. Lawrence Bruner
as Orchelimum agile, DeGeer. Iam indebted to Prof. J. B. Smith for
specimens of this species, which agree very well with DeGeer’s description
and figure. They show no dark median streak down the face. In the
Pine Barrens of New Jersey there is another Orchedimum much resembling
vulgare, but which may easily be told from it at a distance by its very
different song. Upon a nearer approach its most noticeable feature is its
very red face, often the whole head being of a blood-red colour. It
appears as if the insect had eaten of ripe cranberries and got its head
stained with the fruit, for the colour is the same, The Red-headed
Orchelimum appears to be undescribed, and may be more particularly
characterized as follows

Orchelimum erythrocephalum, sp. noy.—A medium-sized robust
species, with the general colour green ; there are occasional light brown
examples. The face, if not wholly red, has usually a red band down the
middle, which expands laterally. This area is not definite, and not choco-
late brown as in some other species. There is a dark brown dorsal band
upon the prothorax and head. The elytra and wings usually exceed the
hind femora about 4 mm, and the wings are usually a little longer than
the elytra. The hind femora are rarely without erect spines, but are
armed with from one to several spines on the under side. The spines are
on the outer carina, and are not always of the same number on both legs.
The ovipositor is curved, but less so than in Orchelimum vulgare.

August, 1905

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289

Measurements: Maie—Length of. body, 20 mm.; of pronotum, 5
mm,; of tegmina, 20 to 24 mm.; of hind femora, 16 mm. Female—
Length of body, 21 mm.; of pronotum, 6 mm.; of tegmina, 21 mm.; of
hind femora, 17 mm.; of ovipositor, g mm.

A number of males and one female have been collected at Lakehurst,

_N. J., where it is far more common than vulgare. I have also collected

the species at Tom’s River, N. J. One female, from Ocean Co., N. J.,

.

was received from Prof. J. B. Smith.

In September, 1903, three male specimens of a large Conocephalus
were collected at Lakehurst, N. J. I was first attracted to the spot in the
abandoned cranberry bog by hearing the insect stridulate. The song was

_a slow 2ip-2ip-2if, repeated many times, and much resembling the stridu-
lation of Conocephalus exiliscanorus, of the salt meadows. However,
when the first specimen was captured its resemblaice to C. robustus was
noted, and those to whom the specimens have been shown have suggested
that it was robustus. The song, however, is very different, the fastigium
is shorter, and bordered with a narrow biack line on the lower surface
extending from the tip to base, or nearly so. This species, which seems
to be new, I take pleasure in naming after Mr. Andrew N. Caudell, to
whom I am indebted for making comparisons with specimens in the

National Museum.

Conocephalus Caudellianus, sp. nov.—A robust species, either green
or brown, the brown specimens having the tegmina flecked with black.
Fastigium obtuse, its sides with a faint yellow line, beneath which there is
a black line extending from the apex to the base of the antenne, or nearly
so. The lower basal tooth blunt but distinct. Anterior and middle
femora unarmed beneath ; posterior femora armed beneath on both carinze
with numerous spines

Measurements: Male—Length of body, 33 mm.; of fastigium beyond
the eyes, 2.5 mm.; of pronutum, 8 mm.; of tegmina, 44 mm.; of hind
femora, 24 mm.

Another interesting insect from Lakehurst, N. J., is what Mr. Caudell
assures me is Conocephalus Nebrascensis, Bruner, a species usually reported
from the upper Mississippi Valley and further west. Eleven specimens
were collected in various cranberry bogs on the zoth of September, 1903,
and many others were heard.

29Q THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

TWO NEW HOMOPTERA OF THE FAMILY CHERMIDA,
ONE OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE.
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Fam. Chermidx. (= Psyllidz of some authors.)

Trioza Koebelei, sp. n. (Fig. 14).—The figures of the tegminal
neuration and of the male genital segment in profile, and the following
brief description, will distinguish this destructive form from the three other
North American
Trioza species.
Head and thorax
varying from dark
fulvous to black-
ish, polished, shin-.
ing. Antenne

testaceous, except
apically. Teg-
mina and wings
hyaline, colourless, nervures brownish. Femora dark fulvous or blackish-
brown, tibiz and tarsi testaceous, except the apices of the apical tarsal
segments. Abdomen smooth, polished and shining, black, with a dark
bluish-green gloss.

Fig. 14.

Head and eyes wider than thorax ; dorsum medio-longitudinally
sulcate transversely, about as wide as the eyes, which are a little longer
than broad (as seen dorsally) well rounded, and substylate. Frontal
cones small, but well developed. Antenne longer than head, pronotum
and dorsulum together nearly, or quite, as long as posterior tibie, third
segment very long. Dorsulum suboval. Anterior femora dilated.

¢.—Abdomen elongate ; genital segment (fig. 14) pale fulvous.

? .—Abdomen laterally angulate so that it is roughly diamond-
shaped. Genital segments reddish-brown. ;

Length to apex of abdomen a little under 3 mm.; length to apex of
tegmina in repose, about 6 mm.

Habitat: Mexico, Morelos (Koebele); forms large light brown
coloured galls on leaves of Persea gratissima (‘‘ Alligator Pear”) and is
very destructive. The galls are ovoid, with truncate base, and are placed

erect (usually) on the upper surface of the leaf. Height, about 6 mm.
August, 1905

:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291

CALLISTOCHERMES, gen. nov.

Belongs to that section of Afphalarine, F. Low, which James
Edwards apparently includes in Cherminz (= Psyllin), characterized by
the frontal cones being well developed ; the cubital petiole is about as
long. as the basal part of the subcostal nervure. The form of the
dorsulum and mesonotum recalls the Triozine rather than either the
Chermine or Aphalarine.

Head strongly declivous ; dorsum strongly transversely impressed,
about three times as wide as long, lateral margins diverging slightly
anteriorly, posterior margin slightly angularly emarginate. The eyes are
attached to the side of the head, and appear suboblique, postero-
laterally they are on a levei with the very short transverse, linear prono-
tum. Vertex and frons longitudinally sulculate very distinctly ; frons very
transverse, with an apical ocellus. Cones bullet-shaped, as seen anterior-
ly; from beneath they are seen to be narrow at their base and obliquely
elongate, contiguous apically. The other ocelli are on the posterior
margin of the vertex, subcontiguous to the eyes, which are prominent,
transverse, substylate, together almost as wide as the vertex. Head and
eyes much wider than thorax. Dorsulum* octohedral, somewhat convex
and declivous, much longer than the pronotum: mesonotum convex, a
trifle longer than the dorsulum. Tegmina elongate, apically rounded,
costa arched. Basal part of subcosta curved, about equal in length to
petiole of cubitus, much longer than the part of the subcosta between
basal part and radial forking. Stigma short, subtriangular. All the
nervures more or less sinuate or curved.

C. rubrovariegata, sp. n.—Anterior half of vertex crimson, freckled

with pale greenish and dark brown ; posterior half of vertex, the prono-

tum and dorsujum dark greenish-brown, freckled with crimson and
whitish. Frons pale greenish-white, cones obscure greenish. Eyes
grayish-green. Ocelli red. Antennz pale greenish-yellow, tip of each
segment blackish-brown. Mesonotum pale greenish-white, freckled with
black, with a linear median and broad lateral pale crimson bands
longitudinally. Scutellum pale greenish, with a medio-longitudinal stripe,
which at its middle has a very short line at right angles on each side.
Abdominal tergites dark greenish-brown, posterior margin narrowly
crimson. Tegmina subhyaline, colourless, freckled all over with blackish-

*There is an unfortunate printer’s error in Froggatt’s paper in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.
S. W., 1900, Pl. XIII., f. 2; 4ashould be mesonotum and 3a dorsulum.

292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

brown, especially apical third and the costa, a large blackish-brown
transverse spot commencing just apical to the stigma, which lengthens on
the next area and then splits into two, which continue separately to the
interior margin, thus forming two narrow, transverse blackish-brown
bands, uniting a little above the middle of the tegmen. Veins on apical
half of tegmina, crimson. Wings hyaline, veins grayish-brown. Under-
side bright green, tarsi and tibiz more or less reddish.”

Length’ of body, 4 mm.; length to apex of closed tegmina, 614 mm.

Habitat: Queensland, Brisbane (July, 1904, R. C. L. Perkins), on
grasses in a mangrove swamp.

This is the most ornate Chermid yet described.

DR. HOLLAND’S MOTH BOOK.
The following corrections in the genus Catoca/a in Dr. Holland’s
Moth Book” should be made :

Plate XXXI.—Fig. 4, is a well marked form of C. agrifpina and not
var. subviridis. Fig, 8, is C. Zuctuosa’and not retecta. Fig. 11, is C.
Angusi, var. lucetta, and not C. flebilis. Fig. 14, is C. obscura, var. residua,
and not C. obscura.

Plate XXXII.—Fig. 5, is C. fedi/is and not C. carolina, subsp. nov.
Fig. 6, is C. redicta, var. clara, and not C. reticta. Fig. 7, is C. relicta
and not var. bzanca.

Plate XXXIII.—Fig. 1. This poor figure looks like a very pale
example of C. irene and is not C. Californica. Fig. 4,1s C. u/tronta, var.
adriana, and not var. celta. Fig. 6, may possibly be C. AZeskez, but the
species is not recognizable from the figure. Fig. 7, is one of the many
varieties of C. u/tronia and not var. mopsa. Fig. 8, looks like C.
Californica and is not var. augusta.

Plate XXXIV.—Fig. 7, looks like C. ¢/ia and is not var. oscudata,
which has clear yellow hind wings.

Plate XXXV,—Fig. 7, is C. gracilis, var. sordida, and not C.
pracclara. Fig. 1, is C. sancta and not C. amasia. Fig. 2, is C. stmilis,
var. aholah, and not C. similis. Fig. 3, is C. stmzdis and not var.
aholah. Fig. 5, looks like C. blandula and is not C, fratercula, var.
jaquenetta. Fig. 13, is C. mariana and not C. Stretchit. Fig. 14, looks
like C. Cudlifornica and is not var. cleopatra. Fig. 15, looks like C.
Californica, var. cleopatra, and is not C. rosalinda, which is a straight

synonym of C. Meskei.
Wm. BreurENMULLER, New York,

153

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 293

MANITOBA MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

(Continued from page 256.)

PYRALIDINA.
Diastictis argyralis, Hbn.—Beulah, IX, 14.
Nomophila noctuella, Schiff—Cartwright.
Loxostege chortalis, Grt.—Aweme, VI, 6, to VI, 19; Souris.
Loxostege sticticalis, Linn.—Aweme, VII, 1 ; Souris ; Wattsview.
Diasemia plumbosignalis, Fern.—Aweme, VII, 21 to 27; Cartwright.
Perispasta ceculalis, Ze\\.—Cartwright ; Aweme, VI, 16 to 25.
Phlyctenia ferrugalis, Abn.—Cartwright.
Phlyctenia itysalis, Walk.—Cartwright, VII, 18.
Phlyctenia tertialis, Gn.—Aweme, VI, 9 to 25 ; Cartwright.
Pyrausta fodinalis, Led.—Aweme, VII, 7 to 28 ; Souris.
Pyrausta untifascialis, Pack.—Beulah, VII, is.
Pyrausta submedialis, Grt.—Rounthwaite, July.
Pyrausta perrubralis, Pack.—Aweme, VII, 28 and 29; Beulah, VII,
Rounthwaite, July.
Pyrausta ochosalis, Dyar.—Aweme, VI, 16, to VII, 2; Beulah;

Cartwright, VI, 9.

Pyrausta signatalis, Walk.—Rounthwaite, June.
Pyrausta nicalis, Grt.—Aweme, VI, 13, to VIII, 15 ; Cartwright,

WIPT. 12.

Nymphula allionealis, Walk.—Rounthwaite, July.

Nymphula maculalis, Clem.—Cartwright.

Nymphula badiusalis, Walk.—Cartwright.

Schenobius sordidillus, Zinck.-—Rounthwaite, July.

Schenobius unipunctellus, Rob.—Cartwright.

Schenobius mellinellus, Clem., and var. adlbrcostellus, Fern.—Cart-

wright, VII, 6.

Schenobius Clemensellus, Rob.—Cartwright.

Crambus perlellus, Scop.—Cartwright.

Crambus pascuellus, Linn.—Rounthwaite, June.

Crambus coloradellus, Fern,.—Aweme, VII, 22 ; Beulah, VII, 15.
Crambus murellus, Dyar.—Rounthwaite, July.

Crambus mutabilis, Clem.—Cartwright. —

Crambus caliginosellus, Clem.—Cartwright.

Crambus luteolel/us, Clem.—Beulah, VIII, 15.

August, 1905

294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Crambus prefectellus, Zinck.—Cartwright.
Crambus trisectus, Walk.— Beulah, VIII, 15.

Thaumatopsis nortelia, Kearf.—Rounthwaite, June.

Chilo comptulatalis, Hulst.—Cartwright ; Rounthwaite, July.
Diatrea idalis, Fern.—Cartwright.

Argyria auratella, Clem.—Aweme, VII, 3t.

Tioga aplastella, Hulst.—Aweme, VI, 31.

Wanda baptisiella, Fern.—Rounthwaite, July.

Myelois obnupsella, Hulst.—Aweme, VI, ro.

Myelots corniella, Rag.—Aweme, VIII, 14 and 16.

Acrobasis carye, Grt.—Cartwright.

Mineola tricolorella, Grt.—Cartwright.

Ambesa letella, Grt.— Cartwright.

Meroptera pravella, Grt.—Cartwright.

Salebria basilaris, Zell.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VI, 16 and

Salebria carneella, Hulst—Aweme, VI, 16 and 18.

Myrlea delassalis, Hulst.—Cartwright, VII, to.

Laodamia fusca, Haw.—Aweme, VII, 22 ; Rounthwaite, June.

Epischnia albiplagiatella, Pack.—Beulah, VII, 14.

Lpischnia Boisduvaliella, Gn.—Beulah, VIII, 15.

Megasts atredia, Hulst.— Cartwright ; Rounthwaite, May.

Sarata perfuscalis, Hulst.—Beulah, V, 18.

Hulstia undulatella, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July ; Cartwright, VIII,
is.

Hlomeosoma uncanale, Hulst.—Aweme, VI, 29 ; Cartwright.

Peoria approximella, Walk.n—Aweme, VI, 16,to VI, 233; Beulah,
VI, 15, to VIII, 15 ; Rounthwaite, July.

Oxyptilus tenuidactylus, Fitch. Rounthwaite, July.

Platyptilia cosmodactyla, Hbn.—Rounthwaite, May.

Platyptilia percnodactyla, Wism.—Aweme, X, 2.

Platyptilia albidorsella, W\sm.-—Rounthwaite, May.

flatyptilia petrodactyla, Walk.—Rounthwaite, July.

Alucita Belfraget, Fish.—Rounthwaite, July.

Alucita cinerascens, WW\sm.—Rounthwaite, July.

Pterophorus homodactylus, Walk.—Rounthwaite, July.

Pterophorus Brucei, Fern.— Aweme, VI, 16, to VIII, 4; Beulah, VII,
resto ViIIT, 15,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295

Fterophorus sulphureodactylus, Pack.—Rounthwaite, July.

Pterophorus paleaceus, Ze\l.— Aweme, VI, 28.

Fterophorus Baronz, Fish.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VIII, 3.

Orneodes hexadactyla, Linn.—Aweme, V, 29.

TINEINA.

Flarpipteryx canariella, W\sm.—Rounthwaite,. July ; Cartwright ;
Aweme, VII, 31.

flarpipteryx frustella, W\sm.—Rounthwaite, July ; Cartwright.

Trachoma instabilella, W\sm.—Rounthwaite, April.

Plutella maculipennis, Curt.— Rounthwaite, Sept.; Aweme, V, 25-28.

Telphusa quinquecristatella, Cham.—Aweme, VI, 6.

Aristotelia fungivorella, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July.

Recurvaria quercivorella, Cham.—Aweme, TV, 2i,,t0V, 31.

Recurvaria obliquestrigella, Cham.—Aweme, V, 1 to 28.

Gnorimoschema galleasteriella, Kell.—Rounthwaite, July; Beulah,
ACT 15.3 Aweme, X,°23.

Aproerema nigratomella, Clem.—Aweme, VI, 25.

Anacampsis tristrigella, W\sm.—Rounthwaite, Aug.

Anacampsis niveopulvella, Cham.—Aweme, VII, 23 to 3r.

Gelechia lugubrella, Fabr.—Aweme, VI, 7 to 14, VII, 31.

Gelechia dentella, Busck.—Aweme, VI, 6 to 25.

Gelechia grisella, Cham.—Aweme, IV, 18-V, 1-VI, 8-VII, 31 and
X, 22. Agrees with Chambers’ brief description, Ante IV, 171, 1872.
Mr, Busck, in his revision of the Gelechiid family, places this species
among those of which the types are missing, and no authentic examples
are in existence. The specimens agree exactly in venation and structure
with Busck’s definition of the genus Gedechia. The species should follow.
discoocellella, Chamb., in the list.

Gelechia variabilis, Busck.—Rounthwaite, July; Beulah, VIII, 15.

Gelechia ornatifimbriella, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VI,
26,40 VIT, o.

Gelechia nigrimaculella, Busck.—Rountiwaite, Aug.; Aweme, VI,
6 to 16.

Gelechia pseudoacaciella, Cham.—Beulah.

Gelechia mediofuscella, Clem.—Aweme, IV, 8, to VI, 8.

Lrichotaphe flavocostella, Clem.-—Cartwright.

Trichotaphe purpureofusca, Wism.—Rounthwaite, July,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

bo.
co
fort

Trichotaphe setosel/a, Clem.—Rounthwaite, Aug.; Aweme, VI, 8.

Ypsolophus ligulellus, Abn.—Rounthwaite, Sept.; Aweme, V, 23 to
Vii-3; and A, 5s. .

Depressaria arnicella, W\sm,.—Cartwright ; Aweme, IV, 24.

Depressarita argillacea, W\sm.—Aweme, IV, 14, to V, 2.

Depressaria novimundt, W\sm.—Aweme, V1, 27.

Depressaria psoraliella, Wism.—Rounthwaite, Aug.

Depressaria sabu/ella, W\sm.—Beulah, VI, 15.

Depressaria Canadensis, Busck.—Rounthwaite, Aug.; Cartwright,
LV, 11fo.17,,and X, 11.

Semioscopsis auroredla, Dyar.—Aweme, IV, 16. One specimen
identical with ‘‘ Topotype” from Mr. Merrick.

Semtoscopsis Merriccella, Dyar.—Aweme,V, 2 to 16. Two specimens
very close to Dyar’s type.

Semtoscopsis tnornata, Wism.—Rounthwaite, April ; Cartwright.

Ethmia fuscipedella, W\sm.—Rounthwaite, June ; Cartwright.

Borkhausenia pseudospretedla, Staint.—Aweme, V, 16 to 31; Cart-
wright, X, 30; Beulah.

Holcocera modestella, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July; Aweme, VI,16 to 25.

Scythris impositella, Ze\l.— Rounthwaite, July.

Walshia amorphella, Clem.—Rounthwaite, July ; Beulah, VIT, 15.

Gracilaria elongella, Linn.—Aweme, V, 10 to 15.

Gracilaria stigmatella, Fabr.—Aweme, V, 27 ; Cartwright, XI, 1.

Argyresthia andereggiella, Dup.—Rounthwaite, July ; Aweme, VII,

Tineola bisselliella, Hum.—Aweme, IV, 19.

Monopis biflavimaculelia, Clem.—Rounthwaite, Aug.; Cartwright ;
Aweme, V, 29, to VI, 16.

Monopis monachella, Hbn. —Cartwright ; Aweme, VI, 16.

Amydrya effrenatella, Clem.—Cartwright.

Adela purpura, Walk.—Aweme, IV, 25, to V, 20.

I have between thirty and forty additional species of Zznetna, which
I hope to be able to work up and record in a supplementary article early
next year. Owing to space limitations, it has been thought best to pub-
lish the new species of the Zortricide in the proceedings of the U. S.
Natl. Museurn. Due notice will be given when this appears, so that
copies may readily be obtained by any one interested, either from the
Museum direct or from me.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297

BEETLES FROM NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
BY J. H. KEEN, METLAKATLA, B. C.

About ten years ago (see Can. Ent., Vol. XXVII, Nos, 7 and 8) I
published a list of beetles taken by me on the Queen Charlotte Islands.
The beetles enumerated below were, except where otherwise designated,
taken on the mainland of British Columbia, on the coast between the
mouths of the Naas and Skeena Rivers. Some of them were determined
for me through the kindness of Dr. James Fletcher, the Dominion
Entomologist, whose valuable help and advice I have now for many years
enjoyed; the remainder by Professor H. F. Wickham, of Iowa University,
to whose skill and courtesy I am deeply indebted.

CARABID&.

Elaphrus pallipes, Horn. Bembidium cautum, Lec.
Bembidium breve, Mann. * iridescens, Lec.

Ci quadrifoveolatum, JZaun. Harpalus innocuus, Lec.

AMPHIZOID&.
Amphizoa insolens, Zec.
DyTISCcID&.
Hydroporus vilis, Zee. Rhantus divisus, Aude.
Ilybius quadrimaculatus, Lec. Colymbetes strigatus, Zec.
Agabus anthracinus, AZann ?
GYRINIDAZ.
Gyrinus minutus, Fad.
HyYDROPHILID&,
Ochthebius Holmbergi, AZa@&/. Creniphilus subcupreus, Say.
Philhydrus conjunctus, Fi//.
STAPHYLINIDA.

Thinopinus pictus, Zee. Orobanus rufipes, Casey.
Tachinus debilis, orn. Eunonia Keeniana, Casey.
Homalium segmentarium, Fauve,

ns Ssp.* Trigonurus Crotchii, Lec.

Massetia tetramera, Fawve/, n. sp.*

PSELAPHID&.
Actium testaceum, Casey.

*From Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.

298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CRYPTOPHAGIDE.

Atomaria, zear fallax, Casey. Atomaria, ear oblongula, Casey.
LATHRIDIID.

Melanophthalma gibbosa, /ds¢. Lathridius lardarius, De Geer.*
DERODONTID&.

Derodontus trisignatus, J/ann.

PARNID&.
Elmis concolor, Zee.
DASCYLLID.
Cyphon concinnus, Lec. Cyphon variabilis, Zhundé.
ELATERID2.
Elater apicatus, Say. Athous scissus, Zee.
Agriotes fucosus, Lec. Corymbites sagitticollis, Asch.?
LAMPYRID#.
Ellychnia Californica, AZots.
CLERID&.
Laricobius, zear Erichsonii, Rosenh.
PTINID&.
Ptinus, sp.
CIoIDé.
Xestocis biarmata, Wana.
SCARABAEID&.
Aphodius congregatus, AZann.
CERAMBYCIDA.
Criocephalus asperatus, Zec. * Ulocheetes leoninus, Zee.
CHRYSOMELIDA.
Donacia emarginata, Kirby. Chrysomela multipunctata, Say.
Syneta hamata, Horn. Galerucella nymphee, Zinn.
‘c~ -albida&) Ee.
PYTHIDA.
Boros unicolor, Say.
CEDEMERIDE.
Ditylus ceruleus, Rand.
CEPHALOIDA,

Cephaloon tenuicorne, Lec.

*From Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.

pe)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29

SOME MAINE SPECIES OF HALICTUS.
BY JOHN H. LOVELL, WALDOBORO, MAINE.

This paper continues the enumeration of the species of Halictus
found in Maine, begun in the CaNnaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for February,
1905, page 4o.

Falictus similis, Smith, 2? ¢.—A very common species in this
locality, taken from June 19th to August 24th. It visits a great variety
of flowers, as the blackberry, Iris versicolor, Sagittaria latifolia, Aralia
hispida, Cornus Canadensis, and the thistles and goldenrods. Professor
Cockerell, who has examined Smith’s type in the British Museum, states
that the Maine specimens agree with it in all the more important charac-
ters. It is a broad, thickset bee, with the mesothorax closely punctured ;
the metathorax is sharply truncate, with the basal area not well defined,
and coarsely sculptured or ridged ; the first segment of the abdomen is
distinctly punctured, and there are lateral fasciz, sometimes entire, on
the second and third segments. It differs from Smith’s type in the lighter
brown colour of the stigma; and the apical fimbria, which, in the type
light fulvous, is brown in the Maine form.

Halictus pectoralis, Smith, 2 ¢.—Collected on the blackberry, rose,
goldenrod, etc. The specimens are typical, not very common.

Ffalictus Foxit, Robt., 9 ¢.—Taken on Diervilla trifida and the
wild rose. _ Agrees with authentic material of A. Foxzi in the produced
clypeus, absence of hair patches at base of abdominal segments, and in the
sculpturing of the metathoracic area. The differences are slight.

Halictus divergens, n. sp., 2 .—This species is very closely allied to
HI. quadrimaculatus, Robt.; but the head in that species is nearly round
viewed from in front, while in A divergens it is decidedly longer than
broad ; the wings are darker and the nervures a dark brown. Length, 6
mm. In other characters it agrees with guadrimaculatus ; the meso-
thorax is finely punctured; the metathorax is rounded, .with numerous
raised lines not extending to the apex; and at the extreme sides of
abdominal segments 2 and 3 there are patches of white pubescence.

Flalictus nelumbonts, Robt., 2 .—I have taken this species only on the
flowers of Nymphza (Nuphar) advena, not common. It agrees with the

description, and was also a few years ago determined for me by Dr.
Ashmead.

Halictus pilosus, Smith, 2 ¢.—A common species. Colletted on the
flowers of Salix Bebbiana, Clematis Virginiana, and Epilobium angusti-
folium.

August, 1905

300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Falictus viridatus, 0. sp., 9 .—Length, 5-6 mm. Head and thorax
green, abdomen black, with apical margins of the segments testaceous.
Head broad, length and width about equal ; face finely and densely punc-
tured, clypeus purple, with few rather coarse punctures; mandibles dark
at base, with apices rufous ; antenne black, testaceous behind. Meso-
thorax with punctuation sparse and fine, nearly bare, the pubescence
short and thin ; metathorax rounded, the disc coarsely sculptured, the
raised lines prominent, rather far apart and reaching to the apex.
Wings yellowish hyaline, the stigma and nervures yellowish brown, the
tegule testaceous. Abdomen impunctate, first and second segments
smooth and shining, apical segments with thin appressed pale pubescence.

3 .—Length a little over 5 mm., more slender than the female.
The sides and lower half of face clothed with dense whitish pubescence,
apex of clypeus, labrum, and tips of mandibles yellow ; antennz with
flagellum testaceous behind, long, reaching beyond the tegulz, joint 4 as
long as 2+3; disc of metathorax coarsely rugose; apical margins of
abdominal segments testaceous; tarsi and tibie, except an oblong spot
along the centre, yellow.

The female is distinguished by the broad head, the coarsely rugose

area of the metathorax, and the robust form. Collected on the cultivated -

blackberry and rhubarb in June; the males were taken in August on
Solidago. Mr. Henry L. Viereck has compared specimens of this species
with various types in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences
at Philadelphia. Professor Cockerell writes: ‘‘It is not a Smithian
species ; I do not know of any to which it is even closely allied.”
Halictus planatus, n. sp., 2.—Length, 6 mm. Head and thorax
green, abdomen black, pubescence sparse, whitish. Head nearly round,
slightly longer than broad, face very finely and closely punctured above
the insertion of the antennz, below the punctures are fewer and coarser ;
antenne black, flagellum testaceous behind. 'Mesothorax with very fine,
rather remote punctures ; metathorax narrowly truncate, disc with few fine
raised lines at the sides, in the centre nearly smooth except for a median

line. Wings hyaline, slightly darkened, stigma and nervures pale brown, .

tegulaz brown-black. Abdomen impunctate, apical segments clothed with
a thin whitish pubescence, margins not testaceous, or very narrowly so.

Collected on willows, May 6-12, and on Aralia trifolia, May 21-23.
It differs from HZ. viridatus in having the area of the metathorax much
smoother, the abdomen blacker, less convex, and the head and thorax
have a more bluish tinge.

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301

NEW SPECIES OF COLLETES.
BY MYRON H. SWENK, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, LINCOLN.

Colletes Vierecki,n. sp.— . Length, 11-12 mm. _ Shining black,
form stout, body almost bare. Clypeus slightly convex, not sulcate,
closely striato-punctate, sparsely clothed with short, pale pubescence.
Supraclypeal area convex, shining and impunctate medially, and with
crowded punctures on the margins. Face crowded with good sized punc-
tures, and with very short, erect, pale pubescenee. Antenne black, the

flagellum more or less dull brownish beneath, the scape deeply punctured,
joint 3 a shade shorter than 4, decidedly shorter than 5 and the following,
which are shorter than wide. Malar space practically lacking, .at most a
mere line. Mandibles rufous beyond middle, tip very acute, notch large
and nearly one-fourth its length from tip. Labrum shining, concave, a
large, round, median excavation bounded on each side by a subtriangular
one, which occupies most of the remaining space, and is indistinctly
crossed by some weak ridges. Cheeks rather coarsely and closely punc-
tured except around the orbits, their pubescence very sparse and whitish,
Vertex shining and polished, anteriorly depressed by elongated fovez,
finely and sparsely double punctured, its pubescence fairly long, pale and

black intermixed, the former predominating posteriorly, the latter between
ocelli.

Prothoracic spine distinct, sharp, broadly subtriangular. Pubescence
of a broad anterior thoracic border, mostly grayish-white, and very short
and thin, dense on a grayish mat on tubercles; that on entire disc mostly
black, of very scattered, short, bristle-like hairs not nearly concealing the
surface ; a black scutellar fringe followed by a pale one, and longer pale
grayish hairs on postscutellum and down the sides of metathorax. Meso-
thorax anteriorly with a median impressed line and coarse, very close
punctures, becoming more separated posteriorly, decidedly more so on a _
very small disc. Scutellum shining, very coarsely and quite closely
studded with round punctures, postscutellum with fine cancellate punc-
tures. Pleura with very large, coarse, striate punctures. Superior face of
metathorax well defined by a rimmed angulation, and with the usual shin-
ing pits square medially, enclosure polished, approaching the T shape
because of the very wide base and narrow bowl, the former of these con-
vex with lateral ridges, and the latter with indistinct transverse ruge, the

surrounding areas shiny, sparsely punctured and irregularly feebly
August, 1905

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

reticulated. Tegule shining deep black. Wings deeply infuscated except
at base, where they are subhyaline, nervures black, stigma dark brown.
Legs stout, black, with apex of claw joint and claws ferruginous, the
latter medially toothed, their pubescence longest on posterior femora and
tibiz, wholly grayish white except for the ferruginous tufts on the inner
tarsal apices. Anterior coxz with small short spines, tibial spurs dusky

testaceous, at most but very finely pectinate. Abdomen stout, subconical,
the first segment polished, its basal truncation impunctate, elsewhere with
rather fine but distinct and very well separated punctures, becoming very
fine and close on apical margins, following segments less polished but still
shiny, more finely and closely punctured, apex finely rugose. Apical
margins of segments 1 and 2 constricted and depressed, of 3 and 4
merely depressed. Segments 1-5 have narrow white fascize continued on
the ventral fringes, but otherwise the abdomen is almost bare, having but
short scattered hairs at base and down sides of first segment, the other
segments with minute scattered pale pubescence and some longer black
hairs on three apical segments.

Types: Four @ specimens, Anglesea, New Jersey, August 8th, rgot,
on “ white umbellifer” (H. L. Viereck). Collection Acad. Nat. Sei.,
Philadelphia.

I take pleasure in dedicating this fine species to its discoverer, Mr.
Viereck, to whom I am indebted for many favours. In its bare appear-
ance it resembles C. zudus, Rob., but is easily separated by lacking the
postscutellar pits. Its size, dark thoracic hairs, dark wings and peculiar
abdominal punctation easily separate it from any other North American

species.

Colletes intermixtus, n. sp.—@. Length,9%mm. Black. Clypeus
flat, shiny, medially slightly.but broadly sulcate, apex transverse, its punc-
tures coarse but widely separated, and not forming distinct strize, laterally
with sparse pale pubescence. Supraclypeal area shining and impunctate,
except for a very few marginal punctures. Face closely punctured,
clothed with short gray pubescence. Sides of vertex shining, minutely
sparsely punctured. Antennz black, the flagellum brownish fuscous
beneath beyond second joint, which is just a shade shorter than first, all
the median joints shorter than wide. Labrum convex, shining, medially
with a long linear depression. Malar space very short, linear, finely
striate.’ Mandibles‘dark, tips rounded, tooth prominent and near tip.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303

Cheeks shiny, finely sparsely punctured, clothed with long sparse white
pubescence. Vertex with long sparse hairs, pale and black intermixed,
occiput with a short, dense pale fringe.

Prothoracic spine present, short and sharp. Mesothorax with small,
round, deep punctures, crowded but distinct anteriorly, along sides and
posteriorly well separated, a very few on a good-sized shining disc. Pleura
similarly but striately punctured. Scutellum with anterior one-third shin-
ing and impunctate, the remainder coarsely, sparsely punctured,

and with a median depressed line. Postscutellum densely punctured.
Superior face of metathorax fairly well defined, its pits shining, somewhat
irregular, longer than broad. Enclosure perfectly funnel-shaped, shining,
the bowl convex, with a median and several lateral ridges, the neck concave
and perfectly smooth. Surrounding areas shiny, with sparse but very
distinct punctures. Pubescence of thorax white, tinged with gray above
and sparingly mixed with black on mesothorax and scutellar fringe.
Tegule black, edged with testaceous. Wings subhyaline, nervures dark
brown, stigma paler.

Legs stout, black except for apical tarsal joints, which are brownish,
clothed with short, dense, white pubescence, that fringing anterior borders
of intermediate and posterior tarsi short, stiff and black, that on under
surface of posterior femora and tibiz largely black. Basal joint of hind
tarsus three times as long as broad, and hind tibie very stout. Tibial
‘spurs short, dark testaceous, not distinctly pectinate. Claws ferruginous,
medially toothed. Anterior coxe with very short blunt spines. Abdomen
stout, distinctly subconical, shining black, first segment subimpunctate,
or at most indistinctly and scatteringly punctured, second and following
segments indistinctly but rather closely punctured, the apical margins per-
fectly smooth and impunctate under the fascize, which are broad and pure
white on segments 1-5. Basal segment with long, erect, white hairs on
the basal truncation, becoming shorter, sparser and subdepressed on the
convexity, and forming a short, dense fringe down the sides, uniting with
the apical fascia. The following segments have short scattered pale hairs,
becoming longer, denser and more bristly in a fringe just before the
fasciz, and also intermixed with similar dark ones on the last three seg-
ments, especially the apex. Ventral segment 5 deeply emarginate on
apical margin. Apical margin of first two segments and base of second
segment depressed and constricted,

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Type: Fedor, Lee County, Texas, April 22nd, 1904 (G. Birkmann),
one @ specimen. Collection University of Nebraska.

This species is very distinct in its subimpunctate basal abdominal
segment, and sparsely punctured clypeus, from all the other species with
black thoracic hairs.

Colletes tegularis, 0. sp.— 2 . ip Soech, 11mm. Allied to C. armatus,
but differing in the following well marked characteristics : Black hairs on
dorsum very few and scattered, confined to the disc, and a fringe of longer
ones placed in a spaced row around posterior border of scutellum; pubes-
cence of vertex and both anterior (broadly) and lateral (narrowly) borders
of mesothorax pale grayish ochraceous, the vertex with a very few,
scattered, short and inconspicuous dark brown to black hairs laterally ;
pubescence of whole face whitish, long and silvery on the cheeks ; mat on
tubercles tinged with ochraceous; head and thorax, especially the former,
somewhat smoother and more shiny; prothoracic spine rather, shorter and
stouter ; tegulz pale testaceous ; wings clear, nervures and stigma dusky
ferruginous.

Types: Two 9? specimens, Gering, Scott’s Bluff County, Nebraska,
August 14, tg01, on Solidago (M. A. Carriker, Jr.). Coliection Univer-
sity of Nebraska.

This species is closely related to C. angelicus, Ckll., but is easily
separated by its paler pubescence.

The Forty-second Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of |
Ontario will be held, by kind invitation of President Creelman, at the On-
tario Agricultural College, Guelph, on Wednesday and ees October
18th and roth.

In reply to numerous enquiries, we beg to say that the Annual Report
of our Society for 1904 was presented to the Legislature of Ontario at the
beginning of last session, and for some months has been in the hands of
the King’s Printer in Toronto. . Eight weeks ago the galley proofs were
corrected, but the completion of the work is still most unaccountably
delayed.

GENERA INSECTORUM.—We are informed by M. P. Wytsman, the
publisher (43 Rue St. Alphonse, Brussels, Belgium), that most of the parts
of this work are sold separately, and that a price-list will be furnished on
application.

Mailed July 31st, 1905.

Neiman tenn

CaN. ENT., VOL. XXXVII. PEAT EM aVIIIE

WP of
3 Opie
KA ay
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MAXA sears buck Z =

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METHOD OF ATTACK OF THE MEADOW RUE BORER.

5-

NEW GORTYNAS.

The Canautiay entomologist

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1905. No. 9

NEW GORTYNAS.
BY HENRV H. LYMAN, M. A., MONTREAL.

The forms treated of in this paper would naturally fall in the group
for which Dr. J. B. Smith proposed the name Papaipema,* and which Dr.
Dyar in his catalogue accepted as a generic name, but as it was not so
intended by the proposer, I do not know that it is necessary to accept it
as such.

In 1902, while paying a brief visit to the White Mountains, from 6th
to roth August, I noticed that the plants of the Tall Meadow Rue ( Zhad-
ictrum Cornuti, 1..), growing by the side of the road which runs from
Fabyan’s to the base of Mt. Washington, gave evidence of having been
attacked by some borer. I slit a number of the stems, but in every case
the borer had gone down into the root. I therefore set to work to get up
some of the roots, but as I had neglected to bring a trowel or spud, and
had only a large jackknife, and as the rootlets were very fibrous and
matted, the task was very laborious. With considerable difficulty I suc-
ceeded in getting up three roots, with which I contented myself, thinking

‘that as the plant was so common the species boring in it must be almost
as common, as almost every p!ant examined had been attacked.

One of the larvee was injured in getting up the roots, but the two
others seemed all right, and were carried home to Montreal, but one died
almost immediately afterwards. These larvee were white, with hardly any
colour, and quite unlike any Gortyna larva which I had previously seen, so
that I doubted their belonging to that genus. The one surviving larva
duly pupated, and the moth emerged on rzth Sept. It was a 9, and
slightly deformed, but seemed to be distinct from anything that I had
previously seen, but on showing it to Mr. Bird, of Rye, when on a visit to

.New York, he pronounced it to be undoubtedly a dwarf and slightly
deformed specimen of Cerussata, and as he had frequently bred the
latter, I accepted his dictum.

In 1903 several of the members of our Montreal Branch looked for it

in this locality, and had no difficulty in finding it, almost every Meadow
Rue plant seeming to be attacked. Moths were reared by Messrs. D. and

*Trans, Amer, Ent. Soc., XXVI, 2,

(

306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

H. Brainerd, Winn, Norris, and the writer, the first named in some num-
bers, among which appeared an interesting variety in which the white
markings were obsolete, but I secured only one, which was of the normal
type.

This same species was found by Dr. Fletcher and Mr. Young at
Ottawa in 1902 and 1903, the latter observer also breeding the unmarked
variety, and these various breedings were duly recorded under the name
Cerussata in Dr. Fletcher’s valuable ‘‘ Record” in the Annual Reports of
the Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1902 and 1903.

In spite, however, of Mr. Bird’s opinion, I had my doubts as to the
status of the Meadow Rue form, and determined to clear the matter up if
possible in 1904, Mr. Bird very kindly presenting me with an inflated
larva of Cerussata for comparison. Search was accordingly made in com-
pany with Mr. Norris on 17th July, when ten Meadow Rue Borers were
secured by me, some through the generosity of my companion.

These proved to be the most easily reared larve in this genus that I
have ever had, one larva only dying a natural death, though one was
kindly turned into an inflate for me by Mr. Arthur Gibson.

The root seemed to keep in good condition a long time, and did not
have to be changed. The one that died was the last, and by that time
the root had become a little mouldy, which probably accounted for the
fatality. They were slow about pupating, but seemed quite happy in their
burrows ; they ate comparatively little, and the frass was in very minute
grains like sand. They closed the openings to their burrows with a plug
of silk and frass, and if I took this away to ascertain how they were
getting on, and if pupation had taken place, it was renewed as soon as
possible. On account of this secretive habit I failed to obtain exact data
as to the length of the pupal period. ‘These larve were at once seen to
differ very markedly from the inflated specimen of Cerussata given me by
Mr. Bird, but as I was anxious to compare the living larvee, I appealed to
that gentleman for larve of Cerussata, and he very kindly sent me four.
I thus found that the species were absolutely distinct; indeed, the larva of
the Meadow Rue Borer is much more like that of AZacronoctua Onusta
than that of Cerussata. Indeed, so like the former is it that Mr. Gibson,
who had bred that species from the roots of Iris at Ottawa, at first thought
it was the same. On account of what Mr. Gibson wrote, I went out with
Mr. Norris on the 31st July to look for the larva of Oxusta in the roots of
Iris, and succeeded in finding three.

Pe on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307

On comparing these at home with the larve of the Meadow Rue
Borer, I found that while they resembled each other very closely, they
were still easily distinguished by the following points :

In the Meadow Rue Borer the cervical shield is brown, though lighter
than the head, while in Ovzsta it is aimost of the same colour as the body.
The anal plate is smaller than in Onusta, and is brown, while in Onzsta
it is pale yellowish. The warts are also more prominent in the Rue Borer,
especially on the 8th abdominal segment.

As this species is unquestionably distinct from Cerussata, I describe
it as follows, naming it after its food-plant :

Gortyna Thalictri, n. sp.— (The Meadow Rue Borer.)

Alar expanse, 34-40 mm. Very similar to Cerussata, but less
brightly coloured. Itis also a smaller species, and though size does not
count for much in this group, there being dwarfs and giants in all the
species, the average size is of some assistance in separating the forms.
Primaries of a warm brown, witha slight purplish tinge within thet. a.
line and beyond the t. p. line, or what Dr. Strecker designated the basal
and limbal areas. Markings similar to those of Cerussata, but the t. a,
line is generally a little more distinct, from the fact that the yellowish
costal mark where it starts is generally better defined, and the line is more
bordered with yellowish. The orbicular is rounder than in Cerussata,
and generally has a brown spot in it towards the apex of the wing, which
frequently reaches the edge, and so gives the spot the shape of a round-
ended crescent. ;

The t. a. and t. p. lines are as nearly as possible alike in both species,
but the median shade, which, however, varies considerably as to position
in both species, in generally nearer the t. p. line in Zhadicfri than in
Cerussata.

In Cerussata there is generally a bright, almost red, patch in the
central area of the primaries extending forward from the inner margin to
about half way between veins 1b and tc of the diagram on page 16 of Dr.
Holland’s Moth Book, which Zhadictri does not have, though occasionally
that portion of the wing is a little brighter in colour than the rest.

But the chief distinction between the moths is in the reniform, which
in Cerussata is, as stated by Grote,* slightly oblique, the angles which it

*This species is erroneously attributed by Dyar to Grote and Robinson, and in this
error is followed by Smith in his check List of 1903, though correctly referred by him
in his first check List of 1891,

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

makes with the costa not being equal, but slightly obtuse inwardly and
slightly acute outwardly, and it also curves a little outwardly, and if pro-
duced would strike the outer margin about 1/6th of the distance between
the apex and inner angle forward of the latter point, while in Zhadietré it
is almost invariably exactly at right angles with the costa, is generally
broader in proportion to length, and if produced would exactly strike the

inner angle.

In Grote’s description of Cerussata there appears to be-a curious
error, as in describing the t. p. line he says ‘“ regularly dentate between
the veins,” while the teeth which point outwards are on the veins and the
lunules in the interspaces. The apical patch is generally a little brighter
in Cerussata than in Thadictrt, and the subterminal line differs slightly in
the two forms, but from its general obscurity and some tendency to varia-
tion, it is not easy to define the slight differences.

Secondaries: In Zha/ictri the tendency is to a more dusky hue,
though some specimens of Cerussata are as dark, and there is frequently
a well-marked exterior line as in Holland’s Fig. 15 in ZAa/ictri, but there
is great variation in this as well as in the depth of the shade.

Below the wings are smoky, the primaries darker, with a well-marked
median line crossing both wings, the course of it on the fure wings
differing slightly from that in Cerussata, as it runs straighter towards the
apex, and then turns rather sharply towards the costa. Discal marks .
generally present on all wings. In other points not differing noticeably
from Cerussata.

Had we only the moths, however, I should not have ventured to
describe the species, but the great difference in the larvee renders the dis-
tinctness of these species absolutely certain. The larva of Cerussata has
been well! described by Bird, Can. Enrv., XXXII, 232, and the following
is a description of that of Zhadictri, taken 11th Sept, 1904:

Length in motion 15 lines, at rest 14 lines. Head rather small,
smooth and shining, chestnut brown, mouth-parts darker, cervical shield
as wide as head, covering most of 1st thoracic segment, slightly yellower
brown than the head, narrowly edged at sides with darker brown. Body
cream colour, with a transverse pinkish shade in the centre of each seg-
ment. No longitudinal stripes. Warts small to minute and incon-
spicuous, Anal plate small, almost smooth, shining, same colour as
cervical shield, slightly edged above with darker brown, The two rear
warts on the upper part of the anal segment are slightly united into a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309

small transverse plate, quite distinct, however, from the anal plate, instead
of being united with it as in Cerussata. On the 8th abdominal segment
tubercles I and If are practically round and quite distinct, forming a
square, while in Cerussata they are greatly enlarged and practically united
into a conspicuous quadrate patch. In Cerwssata also Mr. Bird has
pointed out that tubercle IV on the 7th abdominal segment is raised a
little above the line of the spiracles, a feature which he says holds with
all that are strictly root borers, but does not hold in Zha/ictri, in which it
is placed below the line of spiracles.

Pupa: Length, 17-23 mm.; diam., 4-6 mm.; dark chestnut brown,
but brighter and smoother than in Cerussata, cremaster with two short
curved diverging spines.

I have already mentioned that in 1903 Mr. D. Brainerd secured
specimens in which the white spots were entirely *wanting, the spots being
brown, of a deeper shade than the rest of the wing. This form was also
reared in the same year at Ottawa by Mr. C. H. Young, and last year
out of eight specimens reared by me two were of this form, which bears
the same relation to the typical form as JVrte/a, Gn., does to Mebris, Gn.,
except that there are fewer of them in proportion. As this variety is so
well marked, and as there do not appear to be any intergrades, it is well
worthy of a name, and I therefore propose for it the name of Var. Ferod-
soleta, which was kindly suggested to me by Dr. Dyar. The dates of
emergence of my specimens ranged from gth to 26th Sept., the two
extreme dates being the dates of emergence of the two specimens of Var-
Perobsoleta. The moths emerged at different times, but two whose time
of emergence was carefully noted emerged between 11 and 12 p.m.
Seventeen specimens (7 ¢, ro 9) of the typical form and 5 specimens
(t g,4 92) of the variety are before me. ;

Of Zhalictri, Types No. 1-8 are in my collection ; Type No. 9 has
been deposited in the National Museum at Washington under No. 8468,
the gift of Mr. D. Brainerd ; Types 1c-12 are in the collection of the
Entomological Society of Ontario, at London, Ont., the gift of Mr. Young,
Types 13 and rq are in Mr. Young’s collection; and Nos. 15, 16 and
17 are in the collections respectively of Messrs. Brainerd, Winn and
Norris. Of Var. Perobsoleta, Types 1 and 2 are in my collection ; Type
3 has been deposited in the National Museum at Washington under No.
8469, also the gift of Mr. D. Brainerd: Type 4 is in Mr. Brainerd’s
collection, and Type 5 in that of Mr, C. H. Young.

~

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Mr. Young has kindly sent me a drawing illustrating his observations
on the habits of the iarva and the following notes:

‘* The young larve were first observed on the r1th May, and at that
time they were thin and of a dark reddish-brown colour, and measured
about half an inch in length. At this date the tips of the infested plants
were bent downwards, and looked as if they had been injured by frost.
In every instance the larva was found about 6 or 8 inches below the
bend, having eaten its way down inside the stem. About the middle of
June larvee were found much further down the stem, about 3 or 4 inches

from the ground, and soon after this date they reach the main root of the
plant, where the larvee feed until maturity. When mature the larva leaves
its burrow and enters the previous year’s stem, where it changes to a
pupa. By the 27th July the larve under observation were full-grown,
and shortly afterwards pupated. Pupz were found from about the end of
July, all through August, and in every case the pupe were found inside
the old stem of the plant.”

In my rearing operations I had the larve in their roots singly in jelly
tumblers, and in every case they pupated in their burrows, without leaving
them or looking for any other refuge, but possibly this was because there
was no other place where they could go.

Mr. Norris has examined many plants, but has never found any early .
drooping of the plant, but has seen this later in the season when the larva
had been boring some time in the root.

In the White Mountains it was the drooping of the top of the plant
which attracted my attention, but that was at the beginning of August, and
the larvee were mature. :

Mr. Winn failed in 1903 and 1904 to find any young larve of this
species in the Meadow Rue plants examined early in June, but this year,
on the 18th June, he found four larve about 5g inch long in the roots,
and also several of larger size in the stems.

Mr. Winn informs me that since his attention was directed to this
species he has not found an old Meadow Rue plant at Montreal, Bidde-
ford, Me., or among the Laurentian Mountains that was not tenanted by
one of these larvze, ard is of the opinion that the insect is of benefit to the
plant in ridding it of excess of root-stock.

In 1903 Mr. Herbert Brainerd sent from Brownsburg, Q., to his
brother, Mr. Dwight Brainerd, in Montreal, a number of larve which he

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oll

had found boring in various plants, and among them one from the Joe-Pye
or Trumpet weed (Zupatorium Purpureum, L.).

When the moth emerged it was seen to be something quite different
from anything known to our members. Mr. Brainerd lent it to me to show
to Mr. Bird when I visited New York in January, 1904, but that gentle-
man did not care to assume the responsibility of describing it before he
had an opportunity of seeing the types of G. We/ita, Streck.

On my trips to Montreal West in July, 1904, search was made for
borers in the Hupatorium, which grows in great profusion in that locality,
and some success achieved, though only a very small percentage of the
plants were found to be attacked, which is not surprising considering their
extreme abundance, and the attacked plants were difficult to detect, partly
because the plant sometimes has a habit of growing with its head bent over,
and apparently slightly drooping, and also because it is so very vigorous that
it will stand a good deal of boring before showing its effects. About half
a dozen, however, were secured, some of which were kindly given me by
Mr. Norris. The larve were not closely examined, as they were supposed
to be of only one species, and I was more concerned to secure imagoes to
see if they would prove the same as Mr. Brainerd’s specimen than to make
critical studies on the preparatory stages. ‘These larve proved rather
difficult to rear, as the food-plant tends to dry out even when kept in tin-
topped jelly jars, and I succeeded in bringing only three to imago, two of
which proved to be identical with the form reared by Mr. Brainerd, except
that they are not quite so strongly marked, are a shade lighter in colour,
and are smaller, while the third proved to be a small example of G. Cata-

phracta, which was not previously known to occur in this locality. On
my visit to New York in January last I again took Mr. Brainerd’s speci-
men with me, and went out to New Brunswick to show it to Dr. J. B.
Smith, and to see such of his types in this group as are preserved in the
Rutger’s College Collection, and as he admitted that he had never seen
anything like it, and agreed that JVe/ta, Streck., was the same as the form
I named “rata, I had no hesitation in concluding that we have in it an
undescribed species, and as Mr. Brainerd did not care to describe it him-
self, he has permitted me to incorporate the description in this paper.

SEZ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Gortyna Eupatorit, n. sp.—(The Trumpet Weed Borer.)

Primaries dark brown, with a slight sprinkling of gray. . The most
conspicuous mark is the t. p. line, which is double, runs outwardly oblique
to the subcostal nervure, then turns ata right angle and runs almost
absolutely straight and paraliel with the apical half of the outer margin to
the inner margin. In Type No. 1 this line is as straight as if ruled with
a ruler, but in the two specimens reared by me it is not quite so sharply
defined. This line is bordered outwardly with ash-gray, with a grayish
atmosphere extending outward to the submarginal line, which is irregularly
waved and edged outwardly with creamy scales. The other markings are
somewhat obscure, but the upper part of the basal line, the t. a. line,
orbicular, median shade and reniform show as slightly darker markings on
the ground colour. Fringes dark brown, with a few creamy specks.

Secondaries paler brown, with an obscure discal mark and veins
slightly darker, fringes concolorous.

Head and thorax brown, heavily sprinkled, especially the latter, with
ash-gray, dorsal tuft transverse, adze-shaped, erect.

Collar edged with ash-gray.

Antenne grayish brown.

Beneath paler than above, but primaries darker than secondaries, with
a dark median line on both wings, discal spots fairly defined, especially on
secondaries. Primaries have a whitish, fairly straight submarginal line.
Legs grayish brown. :

Alar expanse, 34-39 mm.

Length of body, 17-18 mm.

Types: No. 1, 9, reared by Mr. D. Brainerd, and in his collection ;
No. 2, ¢,and No. 3, 2, reared by myself, and preserved in my collection.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

I am indebted to Mr. Norris for taking the photographs of the moths
from which the half-tone was made.

No. 1 is a typical specimen of G. Cerussata, and may be compared
with Grote’s figure, Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., II, Pl. IX, Fig. I.

No. 2.—Gortyna Thalictri, Lyman.

No. 3.— Gortyna Eupatorii, Lyman.

No. 4.—Gortyna Thalictri, var. Perobsoleta, Lyman.

No. 5 is a reproduction of the drawing made by Mr. Young to
illustrate his notes on the larval habits,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 313
SYNOPSIS OF BEES OF OREGON, WASHINGTON, BRITISH
COLUMBIA AND VANCOUVER—IV.

BY H. L. VIERECK, ASSISTED BY T. D. A.. COCKERELL, E. S. G. TITUS, J. C.
CRAWFORD, JR., AND M. H. SWENK.
(Continued from page 287).*
ANTHOPHORID&.
Anthophora, Latr., and Emphoropsis, Ashm.

Clothed with cinereous pubescence, which on the dorsulum, face, second,
third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments is thinly mixed with
biack ; posterior tibize and metatarsi, the latter largely, covered
with whitish hairs ; metatarsus with a broad brush of brown hairs

on the apical margin; length about 15 mm ............. ignava.
Similar to /gzava in size and pubescence, but the posterior tibize and tarsi
with bright fulvous pubescence......... > Emphoropsis cineraria.

Pubescence of face and vertex mixed with black ; pubescence of thorax
and of the first abdominal segment very bright orange fulvous, not
at all mixed with black ; hair on lower part of pleura
PREC RR ae Sait srs wente Sesh Fae Emphoropsis floridana Pascoensis.

Face, dorsulum anteriorly and base of abdomen with ochraceous pubes-
cence.

Second and third segments of the abdomen with fulvous
pubescence. . o : Deiat SISWLAE IS:
Second and third er sf the Siclonaen with sehreniis and _ black
pubescence respectively, the first and second segments alone

being covered with pale hair..................Stanfordiana.
Abdomen aimost entirely black, only the apex of venter with
pale ha'r.. 2 PPI ae eX... ela ULI IES

ie Ma agen Ck, sp:

‘ 9.—Length about 14 mm.; nearly agreeing with the description of
A. Edwardsii, Cresson, but conspicuously differing” by the white hair-
bands on the hind margins of the abdominal segment; weak or rudimentary
on the first, but very strong, white and entire, though rather narrow, on
segments 2 to 4 (Mr. Vincent writes me that in Ldwardsii ‘the hair
bands are practically wanting”). ‘The pubescence is grayish-white, with
a strong admixture of biack on the vertex and dorsum of thorax; the third»

*The following correction should be fade in the preceding part of this
paper: Page 287, line 9 from bottom, for ‘‘ Nomada intercepta, Sm., n. sp.—

Hym. Brit. Mus.,” read ‘* Nomada intercepta, Sm.—New Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus,”
September, 1905.

314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fourth and fifth abdominal segments also have black hair on the disc ; the
basal joints of the tarsi are reddish-brown in the middle beneath, coarsely
fringed with black hair. The eyes are light yellowish-green. The
appearance of the bee is strongly suggestive of A. urbana, but it is a
larger insect, the abdominal bands are narrower, and without any yellowish
tint ; the first abdominal segment is much less hairy, the tibial spurs are
darker, and the third antennal joint is very long, I think quite twice as
long as in urbana, obviously longer than the scape. Six from Pasco,
Wash., May 25, 1896 (Kincaid).”

Type coll. T. D. A. Cockerell.

(This species is more like zgyzava than Edwardsii, but in ignava the
abdominal bands are rather indistinct and incomplete.—H. L. V.)

ig ee ignava, Cress.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 210, 1879,

Ae weg
Corvallis, Or., 9 9, 15th May, 1899; 16th May, 1896; 8th June
(Cordley). In these specimens the hairs of the dorsal aspect are hardly

tinted with ochreous as in the type, and the white hairs on dorsum of
abdomen are much more abundant. Beside the four co-types from
Nevada, there are only two other specimens in the collection of the Am.
Ent. Soc., and these are labelled Calif. and S. Calif. The specimen from .-
S. Calif. is more like the Oregon examples than any of the others.

Anthophora Stanfordiana, Ckll.—Ent. News, XV, 32, 1894.

Corvallis, Or., 9 rith, March, 1899; ¢, 12th June, 1898; 21st May,
1899 (Cordley). Differs from the description of the types in having the
pale pubescence ochreous instead of whitish. In the 9 the pale pubes-
cence on the second segment is inconspicuous, and on the third segment
pale pubescence is entirely absent.

Anthophora solitarta, Ckll.

s insularis, Sm.—New Spec. Hym., Brit. Mus., 124, ?.

Vanc. Not seen.

Emphoropsis cineraria, (Sm.).—Ibid, 2? ¢.

Described as an Anthophora.

Vanc. Not seen.

Emphoropsis floridana Pascoensis, Ckll_—Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci,
Phila., p. 54, 1898.

Pasco, Wash.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315

Clisodon, Patt.
6)

Structure like in /ermina/is, and like that species easily distinguished by
the bidentate apex of mandibles and the deeply emarginate apical
abdominal segment ; differs from ¢ermina/is in having the pubescence
of the dorsal segments 4—5 and 6 black, and in the legs which are almost
entirely covered with black pubescence....................Syring@.

Clisodon Syringe (Ckll.).
Podalirius syringe, Ck\il.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. p. 54,

1898, ¢.

Olympia, Wash., 3rd July, 27th June, at flowers of Syringa (T.

Kincaid).

Synhalonia, Patt.
?
[For xigricornis, Prov., and /ata, Prov., see ‘Melissodes.]
The second, third and foutth abdominal segments with distinct fascie. 1.
The second, third and fourth abdominal segments with indistinct fascie,

only the fourth segment with an entire fascia..... ....Edwardsii.
1. Apex of abdomen with fuscous pubescence ..................--.2.
2. Pubescence cinereous, mandibles entirely black ............Fowleri.
Pubescence largely ochreous, mandibies with a pale brownish
aM ae Gah ok Woe a Mas Tacos imitate pee Sips = ow spss COIMEDS
3
sixta Ventral sepment with two stout teeth.... .. 02-2. .a2 2... actuosa.
Sixth ventral segment without teeth . bas caessla Baa awe ae

. Abdomen not uniformly pubes Shewond the first t two 9 NenRenES the
abdomen is nearly bare ; so sa third of venter with some dark or

black hairs.. ..... eee B © ls ee ..Ldwardsti.
Abdomen Gatornly pabecaet venter with pubescence all
ee : . Cordleyt.

Synhalonia Edhar dei (Gress if re uaissiites 4 Blinc. sae Nat. Sci.,
195, 1878, 3g, redescribed as §. Edwardsit angustior, Ckll., ibid, 347,
1897, 2 g.

This species, according to Prof. Cockerell, occurs in numbers at
Olympia, Wash. Pasco, Wash.,5 ¢, 2 9, 25th May, 1896 (T. Kincaid).
Corvallis, Or, 2 9, 1st June, 1897; 5th, 6th, 26th May, 4th, 7th, gth
June, 6th July, 1896; roth, 21st May, 2nd, rith June, 1899 ; ¢ g, 13th
May, 1896; 29th May, 1897 ; gth roth, 13th, 28th May, 1898; 7th, 8th
June, 1898 (Cordley). Vernon, B. C., 24th May, 1903.

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Prof. Cockerell’s characterization of this form is quoted to aid in
identifying the species. ae

“(b). Race angustior, g .—Face conspicuously longer than broad ;
sides of clypeal yellow above, squarely notched, distance between the
yellow and eyes extremely small, pubescence somewhat paler. @? smaller,
with pale pubescence, abdomen with the white bands on the fourth and
fifth (instead of third and fourth) segments, that on the fifth fuscous in the
middle, but brilliant white at the sides. Wings clearer.”

Synhalonia Edwardst’, var. latior, Ckll., ibid, 347, ¢.

Olympia, Wash., ¢ ¢, 24th April, 2nd, roth, 11th, 17th, 21st, 23rd,
25th May, 5th June; 2 9, rst, 5th, rrth, 18th, roth, 21st, 24th, 25th,
29th June, 4th July. Seattle, Wash., g ¢, 17th April, 3rd May; @ 92,
1gth May (Kincaid). Two specimens from Olympia on Lupinus. Cor-
vallis, Or., gg, 8th May, 1898; 15th, 21st, 28th May,-2nd June, 1899
(Cordley).

Prof. Cockerell designated this as a race, but since it is found in the
same locality with the typical form it can rank only as a variety or form.
The description is as follows:

(a). Race /atiov, ¢.—Facial quadrangle not far from square; sides
of the clypeal yellow, gradually sloping above, distance between the yellow
and the eyes quite considerable.”

Synhalonia Fowlert, Ckll.

Synhalonia Californica, Fowler.—Can. Ewr.) XXXL: p. 137, 1899,
2, not Cresson.

Corvallis, Or., rst May, 1899 (Cordley).

Synhalonia Cordleyi, Vier., n. sp.

9? 14mm. Head dullish, sculpture of the face, cheeks and occipul
nearly or entirely hidden by rather long pale ochraceous pubescence ;
greater part of head finely roughened; clypeus with coarse shallow adjoin-
ing punctures ; labrum apparently rugulose, the sculpture obscured by
pubescence, the ocelli forming a low triangle nearly on the supraorbitat
line (7. é., an imaginary line connecting the upper posterior margin of the
eyes), the posterior ocelli as far from each other as the lateral ocellus is
from the nearest eye margin; first joint of the flagellum a trifle shorter than
the next two joints together, apical joint of antenne as broad throughout
as the preceding joint, the apex obliquely flattened beneath ; mandibles
slightly emarginate at tip, the emargination making two very short sub-
equal teeth, the outermost tooth being longest.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Se

Thorax cull, all but the postscutellum and metanotum covered with
dense pubescence, that on the dorsum bright ochreous, on the pleura pale
ochreous, almost whitish, dorsulum covered with shallow almost adjoining
punctures ; plevra finely sculptured or roughened; postscutellum rugulose;
enclosure of metanotum finely granular excepting in the posterior lateral
corners, where some rather coarse rugee and impressions are visible; a fine
median raised line bisects the enclosure ; wings in structure and colour
typical, z. ¢., nearly exactly as in Adwards?i ; legs with various shades of
brownish pubescence, the anterior and middle legs with their tibize covered
with a seal-brown pubescence, the femora with whitish pubescence, the
tarsi externally with a pale brown pubescence, internally with a reddish-
brown pubescence, posterior legs with whitish pubescence on the femora
except at tip, where there is, as it were, an epaulet of dark brown pubes-
cence to cover the joint, tibie and outer face of metatarsus with pale
ochreous pubescence margined with reddish coarser hairs, the apical edge
of the metatarsus provided with a broad thick brush of hairs, the brush
reddish brown at base, fuscous on apical half.

Abdomen with very conspicuous whitish fasciz, occupying from
somewhat more than one-haif the segment to nearly two-thirds on seg-
ments 2-3-4, the fascize occupying the apical portion of the segment, the
basal portion being occupied hy short black pubescence fringed with sparse
long hairs ; the penultimate segment has the pale fascia represented by a
short bar on each side, the space between being covered with black
pubescence ; ventral segments fringed with pale, almost erect, pubescence,
which is broadly interrupted in the middle by dark pubescence ; the
second ventral segment with a basal bilobed area that is transversely finely
striate, and occupies somewhat more than one-third of the segment ; the
lobes cf this area almost form semicircles.

Tegument black, tarsi more of a brownish hue, claws pale brown on
basal half, dark brown on apical half, greater portion of apical half of the
external aspect of the mandibles almost straw colour.

6 .—Tegument much as in the 9; clypeus with shallow, nearly
adjoining, not sharply defined punctures; first joint of the flagellum
nearly as long as the second plus one-half the third ; covered with a
cinereous pubescence which is tinged with ochreous on the dorsum of the
thorax, the third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments with whitish pubes-
cence on the apical half forming bands, the bands not occupying all of
the apical half of the segment, the penultimate segment with a broader

318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

band of pale pubescence, the ultimate segment with an almost parallel-
sided pygidial area that has rather distinct margins, the lateral margins
notched near the apex, the apical. margin slightly convex ; apical ventral
segment nearly smooth and polished, provided with a median, broad,
longitudinal channel on the basal half; spurs of posterior tibize simple,
not hooked as in sfectosa, to which the ? bears a close resemblance.
Tegument black ; claws brown; mandibles and antenne black ; clypeus
and labrum yellow, the clypeal yellow, almost forming a semicircle, the
lateral portion distant from the eye for a space equal to the width of the
first joint of the flagellum.

Type Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., Pa.

Type locality Corvallis, Oregon.

Taken inthe type locality as follows: 9 9, 16th May, 2nd, roth
June, 8th July, 1898; 2nd June, 1899. ¢ 6, 4th June, 1898; 28th
May, 8th June, 1899.

Synhalonia actuosa, Cress.

g 1omm. Superficially like the ¢ of Zdwardsti, but easily distin-
guished from that species, also from /u/uitarsis, frater, honesta, intrudens,
Californica, albata, speciosa and atriventris by the strong teeth on the
seventh abdominal segment.

Head nearly as long as in Cord/ey/ ; first joint of the flagellum about
one-half as long as the second.

Thorax dull, dorsulum minutely granular, not punctate ; enclosure
of metanotum in sculpture practically as in Cord/ey1, but with rather
abundant pubescence, so that the sculpture is nearly obscured ; wings
differing from Adwards7i in having the first recurrent nervure received by
the second submarginal cell a little beyond the middle, and a little more
distant from the second transverse cubitus than the space between the
insertion of the second recurrent nervure and the third transverse cubitus;
posterior tibize with simpie spurs, the longest of which is about as long as
the second tarsal joint.

Abdomen with long white pubescence on the first two segments, this
pubescence being concolorous with that of the head and thorax, the
succeeding segments, except the penultimate, with black pubescence ; on
the penultimate segment the pubescence is very pale golden brown,
except at base, where there is a fringe of brown and black hairs; the first two
ventral segments have whitish pubescence, the succeeding segments brown-
ish pubescence, with whitish laterally; the seventh ventral segment is nearly

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319

smooth, and has a longitudinal impression, which has a narrow longitudinal
elevated portion ; on each side of this segment, near the lateral margin,
is a stout, short tooth shaped like a beak, and directed backward and
downward ; the pygidial area has converging sides, which are straight
throughout ; the apex is rounded, and has the appearance of being slightly
emarginate. Black ; antennz and mandibles black, clypeus yellow, with
a broad lateral and narrow anterior and posterior borders black, the
yellow mark on the clypeus almost quadrate, the lower half being dilated
somewhat beyond the limits of the upper half, labrum with a yellow
spot occupying nearly all of the middle third of the basal two-thirds ;
tarsi and claws brown or brownish ; nervures nearly black.

Type Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., Pa.

Type locality, Corvallis, Oregon.

Corvallis, 1st May, 1897 ; roth May, 1898;.3rd June, 1899. One
specimen has the pale pubescence tinted with ochreous.

Melissodes, Latr., and Synhadonia, Patt.

Dorsum of thorax with ochreous hair, second abdominal segment entirely
black, segments three and four with a distinct band of white pubes-
cence, that of the third interrupted in the middle, the fifth segment
with black pubescence, interrupted by white band at the
PRR aie Soe rte ss “Sees ek af ks Synkalonia lard.

Thorax and abdomen much as in the preceding, but the second abdominal
segment with a broadly interrupted band, and the fifth segment without

a pale mark, entirely dark brown... ......desponsiformis, Ckll., n. sp.
Thorax with pale and dark hair, the abdomen with a distinct pale band
across the second segment ....... Macatee hs
. Pale hairs of the body ochreous, ffs deh hee be itie dorsuti dark
brown, and not very conspicuous ......... She .menuacha.
Pale pubescence of the body white or sahitih, the bel ia of the
dorsum very numerous and conspicuous... .. menuacha Vernonensts.
3

ES SE SEV 2 a oa ee
Br orendich’ beneaih». Sete seis dona ahh wieee ta me ae

I. 12 mm. long ; black, with: whuteh eee caistice oer
OUI on ee es saghk mn Seats a EO ELOY AS

8 mm. felesc Brees vith aii abeece nee brain
CSRs Ra, San eter de Ok Si ..... +. microsticta, Ckll., n. sp.

320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

2. Pubescence ochreous, mandibles with a yellow spot at

DASE? 355. 23: ae SR Ree ev 2

Pubescence white, mandibles black .........menuacha Vernonensis.

Synhalonia fata, Prov.—Faune Ent. Can. Add. te Vol. ITI, p. 302,
1889, ¢:

Vancouver (Taylor).—This may be the 2 of Synhatonia Edwardsit.
Prof. Cockerell is of the opinion that it is Syzhalonta Edwardstt, v. latior.

Melissodes desponsa, Sm. race ?

M. desponsa, Sm.—Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym., II, p. 310, 1854.

2, Corvallis, Oregon, 11th March (Cordley). A form that may
prove to be a new species.

Melissodes menuacha, Cress.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., ia p- 338,
1867-68, 3.

Oregon (A. E. S. Coll.).

Melissodes menuacha Vernonensis, n. subsp.

Type Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

Type locality, Vernon, British Columbia. .

Vernon, B..C., 9 9, fb 265,455 oth, 15th, 17th Ae eee
(Harvey).

Synhalonia nigricornis, Prov.—Faune Ent. Can. Add. to Vol. IL, p..
302, 1889, ¢. 4

Vancouver (Taylor).

Melissodes desponstformis, Ckil., n. sp.—“?. Length about 14%
mim.; black, with black and yellowish-white pubescence ; hair of legs
black, yellowish-white on outer side of hind tibize and base of their tarsi.
Very closely allied to 47. mysops, Ckli., from Maybell, Colorado, but
differing as follows: Hair of face, cheeks and vertex sooty, palest on
vertex ; last joint of flagellum longer, being much longer than the penulti-
mate ; disc of scutellum duller and much more closely punctured ; less of
the anterior part of mesothorax covered by pubescence. From JAZ. cuit,
Rob., it differs by the abdomen having distinct but thin hair-bands, and
also being narrower, with the hair on fifth segment a dark purplish-brown
instead of pure black ; also by the more sparsely and less strongly punc-
tured disc of mesothorax.

“* Hab.—Corvallis, Oregon, ‘11-3’ (Cord/ey). The following table
separates four closely-allied species ( ¢ ) :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321

Shecks withiblack orsoory Mai ss). = s/s sis, maistdeegded Beles MADE aoe oF.
Cheeks with yellowish-white or grayish-white hair......... .......4-2.
1. Abdomen without hair-bands;: middle of mesothorax strongly and

closely punctured (E. States)........-. 0-00 sees sees nici, Rob.

Abdomen with pale hair-bands on segments 3 and 4, and a line on

each side of 2; middle of mesothorax shining and rather sparsely

punctured (Oregon).................++--+- desponsiformis, Ckll.

2. Dorsum of thorax with a good deal of black hair; inner orbits
parilel, (Coloma): oe ken ve esane eck ee al f=: meysops, Clit:
Dorsum of thorax without black hair ; inner orbits diverging above
MEMIOLAGO) macy nie Nota g ie sere 2) = 4 om Guenmoonensts, CKIL?

(Cockerell MS., April, 1905.)
Melissodes microsticta, Ckll., n. sp-— ~. Length about 8% mm.;
black, with abundant long and loose dull white hair, that of disc of thorax

purplish-black, and some of the same on vertex ; eyes light grayish-green ;
inner orbits converging below; head not unusually broad ; mandibles
black, except a yellowish apical stripe; labrum black; clypeus light yellow,
with the upper part black, the yellow area quite twice as broad as high ;
antenne long (about 7% mm.) ; flagellum black above, the apical margins
of the joints very narrowly white ; below the flagellum is dark reddish-
brown, with a ferruginous dot on each joint except the first and last ;
mesothorax and scutellum shining, rather sparsely punctured, the middle
of mesothorax with an impunctate area, around which are scattered punc-
tures very irregularly arrayed ; tegule shining dark reddish ; wings clear,
nervures dark fuscous; second submarginal cell very broad, nearly
as broad as first, receiving the first recurrent nervure near its end; third
submarginal cell broader (longer) than first, narrowed rather more than
one-half to marginal; legs black, with pale pubescence, claw-joints
ferruginous ; hair on inner side of tarsi light orange ; hind spurs straight
and simple, yellowish-white; abdomen small, black, hind margins of
segments broadly brownish, the extreme margins whitish; hair of abdomen
dull white, forming fairly distinct bands on hind margins of segments
(style of AZ. agz/is), that on sixth segment and apex pale orange; the usual
four lateral spines present, but.small. Allied to AZ confusa, Cresson.
“« Hab.—Vancouver I. (Cresson collection.) ”
(Cockereill MS., April, 1905.)

September, 1905.

Os
bo
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

OVIPOSITION OF SI4I0 FEMORATA, WIED., AND
OVIPOSITING FEMALES.

BY ALECANDRE ARSENE GIRAULT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

On the morning of March 24th, 1904, at g o’clock, in the town of
Paris, Texas, many dark-coloured flies were noticed crawling over the
trunks and lower limbs of two adjacent box-elder trees (/Vegundo species).
They proved to be the above species.*

They were found in various positions. Some resting in crevices of
the bark, or crawling about on the trunk, while others were resting in
clumps of grass and weeds along the gutter and fences near the two trees.
The latter were situated on the edge of a sandy sidewalk, about six feet
apart, and about eighteen inches above the gutter, which was unstoned
and abounding in patches of grass and weeds.

Both sexes were present, the females greatly predominating ; a few
pairs were in copula. They suddenly disappeared about forty-eight hours
afterwards, but again on March 2gth others appeared in numbers on the
same trees. As formerly, these in turn remained several days, but gradu-
ally disappeared, many apparently killed by heavy rains which occurred
at that time.

I. Adults and adult habits.

The females are dark reddish, with garnet thighs and black wings ;
they varied in length, in six specimens measured from 9 to 11.5 mm.
Their abdomens are thick, cylindric and heavy, especially following
copulation. The males are smaller, from 8 to 10 mm., with slenderer,
tapering abdomens, more hairy bodies, and very much larger eyes. Their
wings are transparent. ;

Copulation takes places about twelve hours after emergence from the
soil. It was observed on the 24th and 25th of March. As the larve are
gregarious, the eggs being deposited in a single mass, the descendants from
a single female doubtless emerge simultaneously from the soil, as in this
case, and crawl up any convenient object near-by. Here the sexes inter-
mingle freely and mate.

The flight of the gravid female is heavy and slow, and apparently
seldom resorted to. Crawling seems to be the natural mode of locomo-
tion, although the adults are able to fly considerable distances. They

*Determined by Mr. Charles T. Brues.

September, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 323

crawl quite fast and with regularity. Nothing of material importance was
learned in regard to their food habits.

When confined in spacious glass jars containing fresh sod, the
females wandered about a great deal through the grass at first, but soon
commenced to enter the earth to oviposit. In confinement they were
often unsuccessful in this, owing to improper conditions of the soil
supplied ; but under proper conditions they quickly become used to
confinement, and naturally perform their functions.

The length of life in both sexes averages about three days. The
males apparently die immediately after copulation is finished, and they
take no part in the process of oviposition.

II. Oviposition and ovipositing females.

1. Laboratory methods. .

Supposed fertilized females were confined in glass jars (ro cm.
diameter by 15 cm.) containing eight centimetres of ordinary grass sod
taken from moist sandy loam or other soils. The jars were covered with
muslin, which overhung the sides, making, it quite dark within. Four jars
were thus started and kept in the laboratory. Oviposition was easily
observed, as the females generally entered the earth at the sides, and thus
every movement could be seen. In one jar males were present with the
females.

2. Details of ovipositing females.

The method of oviposition in 42420 is highly interesting because of
the peculiar habit of entering entirely within the soil, and also because the
parent’s life is at once given up for the sake of its progeny. The female
literally buries itself within the earth, and after deposition dies there.

After wandering about for several hours amongst the grass, the insect
commences to search for a suitable place at which to enter the soil. When
confined as described, they almost invariably selected a spot near the
side of the jar, and would always select, if present, a spot where the earth
was cracked, or where a crevice of some kind existed. Here they begin
to dig by using their stout anterior tibiz, described later, continuing until-
several centimetres below the surface. Oviposition then takes place as
given in the following details :

A.—Nine females were taken from the trees when first observed, on
the 24th of March, and confined at ro p.m. in one of the large jars men-
tioned in foregoing. Some of these were known to be fertilized, while the

324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

others were in all probability so, as the sexes were then freely copulating.
Oviposition had taken place by the following morning (25th), in two cases
the females having burrowed to a depth of two centimetres. They were
still within the burrow, apparently going deeper into the earth.

By the afternoon of the 25th two other females were digging along
the sides of the jar ; one was on its back, a centimetre below the surface,
the other going head first and about 7.5 millimetres beneath. Four females
were thus below the surface ; two of them had deposited, while the other
two were still burrowing. Four others were then crawling restlessly about
in the dense grass, making futile efforts to enter the ground. A fifth, or
the ninth, was found on its back dead, its head buried in the earth.

By the morning of March 26th six females had deposited their eggs,
four during the night just passed ; the seventh died before finishing its

burrow. The eighth had not as yet succeeded in penetrating the soil ;
after doing so it died in its burrow.

a.—This female oviposited in the early morning of March 25th, or
less than eighteen hours after confinement. It was lying in a doubled-up

position, in an apparently closed earthen cell, the egg-mass to one side.
The body was nearly vertical, the head below, the insect lying on its back _
to one side of, and slightly beneath, the egg-mass. To all appearances it
was dead. ‘The entrance to the burrow at the surface of the ground was
unnoticeable, filled as it was with loose soil particles.) No movements of
the body were afterwards observed, and it is evident that the insect died a
few hours after deposition. By March 30th the body was decomposing,
and very moist. ' ay

b.—Oviposited in the early morning of March 25th, or less than
eighteen hours after confinement. After oviposition the female lay in a
cramped position, in a cell similar to that of the preceding. The body
was vertical, inclined somewhat, and with the head above. The insect
was apperently dead. The entrance to the burrow was not noticeable.

No further movements of the body were detected, and six days later
the body was covered with the spore-bodies of a fungus. By the gth of
April it was badly decomposed.

c.—On the afternoon of March 25th this female was found in an
inclined burrow, on its back, about two centimetres beneath the surface.
It was scooping the earth over its head by means of its fossorial anterior

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 325

tibiz, passing it over the venter, and from thence out of the burrow, with
its slender posterior pairs of legs. Hence its head was at the bottom of
the burrow, the body inclined upward.

Oviposition commenced very early in the morning of the 26th. The
eggs were being massed across and around the tip of the abdomen, about
1.3 cm. down the burrow, and 1 cm. directly below the surface of the
soil. The entrance to the burrow was unnoticeable.

At 9.30 a.m. the insect was in the same position, on her back, the
body inclined upward, the abdomen highest, the anterior legs stretched
out beyond and above the head in the position assumed while digging.
Further extension of the burrow had probably been stopped by masses of
intertwined rootlets. The eggs were then being placed quite irregularly,
above and below the caudal half of the abdomen, sometimes in clusters of
regular rows, mostly simply massed together. The individual eggs were
placed methodically at the rate of from six to eight per minute, by simple
movements of the tip of the abdomen. By this time she had effectually
bottled herself within the burrow with eggs, which, as indicated, were then
massed directly across the burrow, above, below and in front (caudad)
of the abdomen. The burrow itself was not clearly defined, but filled with
loose particles of earth, which were also mixed in with the egg-mass.

By 3 p.m. oviposition had apparently stopped, the period thus being
about twelve hours. The position of the body had not changed, but the
whole of the caudal half of the body was then nearly covered with eggs,
while the wings extended beneath most of the mass, forming a good
foundation, The female was thus actually pinned down. The mass itself
was broadest at its bottom or base, and extended from one side of the
burrow to the other ; it measured approximately 3 mm. (apex), by 4 mm.
(base), by 6 mm. (depth). The burrow measured at its greatest width 8
mm. The insect’s posterior two pairs of legs were extended out and up,
the caudal pair crossed.

The female remained perfectly motionless after oviposition ceased.
Gradually moisture gathered about the egg-mass and body, until at last
(April rst) both were bathed in it. About April 9th the body com-
menced to sink, and was highly decomposed.

d.—This female was also found burrowing on the afternoon of the
tst of April. It was but 1.2 cm, directly below the surface, in a rather

326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

long and irregular burrow, measuring in length 2.6 cm. It entered the
earth, of course, head first, and burrowed in a direction slightly inclined
from the horizontal for a distance of 1.5 cm. ‘Then abruptly turning
downwards in a direction perpendicular, it burrowed for a distance of a
single centimetre. At this point she died, apparently from exhaustion,
Another female was observed to enter the burrow while she worked, but
retreated upon finding it occupied. On March 31st the body was
extracted with a pair of forceps ; it was decomposing, and readily fell to

pieces. Above the bend

the burrow was 6 mm.
Ay 0 A Iw, WW 4 wide, and from thence
AN Wy) i wl ANTS " MY bY J} Ye down 4.2 mm. Its en-

j
[I / 4M
Ly trance was barely notice-

YY able. It is shown in

outline at figure 15.

e.—Entered the soil
during the evening of
March 25th, and eggs
were found deposited on
the morning of the 26th,
about 2 cm. directly be- .
low the surface. They were in a more or less regular mass, most of them
placed in rows on end against the glass of the jar; a few were placed flat
against the side of the jar. The mass was at the extreme bottom of the
vertical burrow. The latter was 6 mm. wide.

Fig. 15.

The parent was directly above the egg-mass, the head, obviously, up,
and but 5 mm. beneath the surface. The entrance to the burrow was
inconspicuous, the upper half of the burrow itself being filled with loose
earth pushed into that part of the burrow during excavation.

Finally the parent was disturbed with forceps, in order to find its
relative position in regard to the egg-mass. Thirty minutes afterwards,
evidently on account of this disturbance, it crawled from the burrow and
made attempts to escape. It was perfectly fresh in appearance. After
wandering through the grass for a while, it went to the entrance of its
burrow and made long and persistent efforts to re-enter, but in vain. By
the following morning it was resting in the grass, very weak ; fifteen hours
afterwards it died,

>

eee ee ee a,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327

The eggs from this female were carefully removed from the soil and
counted. They reached a total of 2,604.

f.—Began to burrow during the evening of March 25th, and eggs
were found on the following morning, or about fifteen hours after starting
to dig into the earth. The burrow was vertical.

g.—This female was crawling over the surface of the soil late in the
afternoon of March 2 5th, searching for a suitable spot at which to enter.
Accordingly a hole eight millimetres in diameter was made for her by
pushing the blunt end of a pencil into the earth.

On the morning following eggs were found deposited in two masses,
one at the bottom of the hole, and the otheron the surface of the soil at
its edge. The hole was eight millimetres deep. The parent was observed
to crawl into the hole several times, but was apparently dissatisfied with
it, and deposited no more eggs. Instead she made many efforts to enter

the earth elsewhere, but failed. On the morning of March 28th she was
very weak, and during the afternoon died.

No attempt to cover the eggs was made, though after they were dug
up some were found to have been buried in the earth at the bottom of the
pit. There were 3,007 eggs in the combined masses.

h.—Although not succeeding in getting into the earth, this individual
scattered her eggs in small masses through the grass. It died on the
morning of March 17th, in a position indicating a last effort to get beneath
the soil. The eggs, exposed to the air, shriveled up in a very few hours.

ii—This female died soon after confinement. Made persistent
attempts to enter the earth.

B.—At 1.30 p.m., zgth March, six females were taken from the two
trees and confined as in foregoing, the jar containing compact loamy soil.
They continued to wander through the whole of the next day, and by the
morning of the 31st none had as yet succeeded in entering, though trying
hard to do so. One was then found dead, in a slight depression, near
several hundred of her eggs, in a mass on the surface of the soil. The
remaining five were showing evident signs of weakening, and, as expected,
were on their backs dead-on the morning following. A few eggs were
scattered here and there over the surface. They soon dried up.

Although these females freely entered loose earth present, getting
some distance beneath, they refused to oviposit in such places, and always

328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

returned to the surface. It is thus indicated that they are unable or
unwilling to deposit in brittle, and unable to’ enter clayey soils.

C.—On March 2oth, at 1 p.m., a single female was confined as usual
in a much smaller glass jar (7.5 by 5.5 cm.), containing 3.5 c.m. of loamy
sod. It began to crawl about at once, and frequently entered loose earth;
only to return again to the surface. It was unable to enter the compact
clayey loam, and soon died.

D.—On March 26th, in the afternoon, another female was confined
as the preceding. She appeared to be rather weak, and not until about
noon, 29th March, did she succeed in entering the earth (between these
two dates there was quite a fall in temperature ; the 29th was much
milder).

Several hours afterwards oviposition began. The eggs were deposited
beneath the body, the latter arched or curved upwards, and with one side
against the jar. At 5 p.m. she was burrowing towards the centre of the
jar ; during this process the two posterior pairs of legs were held inert,
and somewhat out of the way.

The eggs were placed irregularly against the glass, 1.6 cm. below the
surface of the soil ; the burrow was vertical, or nearly so. On March 3oth
the insect was lying in a confused heap on its back, about 3 mm. above |

the egg-mass, and with its head nearest the surface ; loose particles of soij
intervened between the eggs and her body. She was but 5 mm. from the
surface, and could easily have broken through to the air. She died in the
position described.

E.—At noon, 29th March, eight females and three males were con-
fined in one of the larger jars, where they at once began to crawl about.
Two pairs were then in copula.

Later in the afternoon, at 4 p.m., the females, excepting those in
copula, were attempting to enter the earth, and were eagerly searching for
likely crevices at which to start their burrows. While doing so, several
crawled into a space between the glass and soil, full of loose particles, and
worked quite a pathway through to the bottom of the jar. From this
branches were started, but soon abandoned, and the insects finally always
returned to the surface to renew their efforts elsewhere. This again
indicates that loose soil is not to their liking.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

oo
bo
co

However, two of the females again went into the channel, and began
to wedge themselves into firmer soil, working through and up towards the
surface, in continuation of the original ‘burrow. They progressed solely
by the use of the fossorial tibiz, moving them alternately like paddles.

y
2

ONY / \
ay ISS WN bl

Mi }
Y

The path which they made through the soil, after digging through to the
surface, is shown in figure 16.

Afterwards the insects were continually passing through this,
apparently always in the direction indicated by the arrows in the figure,
which was the direction taken when the burrow was formed. in but a
single instance was a male observed to enter it. This occurred while
following his mate, and had no significance.

All of the insects died within a few days, without having accomplished
their purpose.

Ill._—£ggs, description and number deposited.

The eggs are of the usuai dipterous type, flesh-coloured, sub-linear,

and with the ends obtuse or rounded. One end is slightly curved and

thickened. They are opaque, smooth, or very minutely punctate, showing
no marked sculpture, and slightly variable in shape. Length 0.5-0.7 mm.
minute, but visible to naked eye.

They are deposited in numbers varying from two to three thousand,
in compact, irregular masses, in sandy soil. If exposed to the atmosphere
they shrivel up and die. No marked external signs of embryonic develop-
ment are present.

The length of the egg stage is about two weeks or longer.
September, 1905.

330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

IV.— The fossorial anterior tibia.

The digging apparatus of the female consists of rather short,
depressed, anterior tibizw, more or less hollowed
ventrad, and bearing at the distal end two con-
spicous stout spurs, the outer of which is de-
pressed and much longer than the inner (mesal).
They are admirably fitted for the purpose used.
; ae (Fig 17: Portion of anterior leg, ventral view,
showing the fossorial tibiz ; a and 4, mesal and
lateral spurs; c, portion of basal tarsal joint; d,
distal three-fourths of tibia. Greatly enlarged.)
When thrown forward and forced into the
earth, and then drawn back, they hold the
earth like a shovel. The males possess the
same structure; though relatively more slender.
As would be expected, the anterior femora are
much stouter than the others.

The two posterior legs are assistants to the
anterior, and for that reason they are much
slenderer and longer. Their tibize bear short,
slender spines ; those of the anterior tibiz are
true spurs or chitinous prolongations of the
part, wholly immovable. The legs are well
clothed with hairs.

There are very few references to this species in our literature, practi-
cally none bearing on its habits and life. This is apparently the first pub-
lished record of the method of oviposition of a Bzbzo.

The figures were kindly drawn by Mr. John F. Strauss ; the writer
is also indebted to Prof. A. L. Quaintance, Washington, D. C., for timely
suggestions.

Fig. 17.

Mr. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Entomologist of the North Carolina
Department of Agriculture at Raleigh, has been appointed Professor of
Entomology and Zoology at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph,
Canada, and enters upon his new duties this month.

Mr. O. W. Barrett, Entomologist and Botanist of the Porto Rico
Experiment Station, has been appointed to the new office of ‘“ Plant
Introducer” in the Bureau of Plaut Industry at Washington, and will have
charge of the distribution of tropical and sub-tropical plant stock and the
inspection and quarantine of both imports and exports of plant shipments.

THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. go"

WHOM SHALL WE FOLLOW ?
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

The recently-published article from the pen of Rev. Geo. W. Taylor,
giving a rearrangement of the species now included under. the genus
Venusia, Curtis, under the same caption used by me in a previous paper,
gives me, I think, a right to protest. He refuses to accept the separation
of 72-lineata, Pack.? under a new genus, as given by me; but if the two
male specimens, which were sent through the kindness of Mr. Geo.
Franck, reached him safely, I think he will be satisfied on this point. .
12-lineata, Pack., was described from specimens taken in California by
Mr. Hy. Edwards, and eastern specimens credited with this name were
really the species I described as Eucheca salienta. I grouped with this
latter the western species mentioned by Mr. Taylor, not having at hand
enough material upon which to base a separation, yet as more of it comes
to me, I am tending toward the conclusion that it is worthy of a specific
name, but this can wait. Now, as to perdineata, Pack., if the plate pub-
lished of it (Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., Vol. 16) is to be relied upon (I
have not seen the type), then it is clearly the species we have been calling
comptaria, Walk., as determined by Dr. Hulst. But comftaria is not
comptaria any longer, according to Mr. Prout, and so, vide Mr. Taylor,
it becomes per/ineata, Pack., and my salienta becomes comptaria, Walk.
It is, then, a question of whose authority we shall accept, that of Dr. Hulst
or Mr. Prout. Until some one well drilled in the various American
geometrid forms, carrying abundant material with him, shall go to Europe,

and compare the types there with it, Mr. Taylor, for instance, I am not
ready to change the decisions arrived at by Dr. Hulst. He had studied
this group many years before he journeyed across twice, carrying material
with him, for the sole purpose of establishing the types, and his decisions
are entitled to stand, unless they go down before the weightiest authority.
He may have made mistakes in determinations, and ad, in naming off
hand, later on in his life, but I claim that having an object clearly before
him, the sole performance of which took him abroad, he would be less
likely to fall into error, knowing also that his was pioneer work, and so
much depended upon its correctness as a basis for the future worker. I
can show to Mr. Prout specimens of £. comptaria, Walk., from this
region (Catskill Mts.) which almost anyone would call £. /ucata, yet in
all the fifteen years of my collecting here I have never taken the latter
species. I make this statement, not to discredit Mr. Prout’s judgment,
but to point out how easily one may be misled unless thoroughly familiar
with the range in variation in each species, and the appearance which such
variations present when rubbed, suffused or melanistic, This year I have
September, 1905,

332 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

had two of Mr. Merrick’s trap lanterns running nightly, and among
hundreds of specimens have found neither Zwcata nor sa/ienta. Walker’s
type of comptaria came from Nova Scotia, and I do not believe that
salienta is found there. If, only one hundred miles above New York
City, which I consider about its northern range, I am unable to find it,

then it is unlikely that it ranges coastwise so far above this latitude, into
a region so boreal. Yet if 1am wrong I will be glad to receive speci-
mens taken there in proof of it. Meanwhile I cannot accept the outcome
of Mr. Taylor’s revision, and contend that compfaria is still comptarta.

NOTES ON. THE LARVA OF THE. PITCHER-PLANT
MOSQUITO.

BY EVELYN GROESBEECK MITCHELL, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Since the discovery of Wyeomyia Smithii in the leaves of Pitcher.
plants in New Jersey, by Dr. J. B. Smith, it has been reported from
Massachusetts and Florida,

On June 16th of the present year, the writer found a larva of the
second stage ina Pitcher-plant in a greenhouse in the Botanical Gardens,
Washington, D.C. July 8th, three more specimens were taken there
The plants had been brought from South Carolina, and had been in the
greenhouse for several years. As there are now no wild Pitcher-plants in
the District, the mosquitoes were probably imported in an early stage with
the plants.

The larva of this species has hitherto been described as having but
two anal gills. Examination of the living specimens revealed two more,
making up the normal number of four, These two gills are small, being
only about one-third as long as
the two large inflated ones,
tracheated, pointed and _ situ-
ated dorsad of the larger pair.
(See fig. 18.) In alcoholic
specimens they are difficult to
detect, as they shrink between
the larger two, and it is neces-
Fig. 38. sary to remove one of the latter

to see the small gills plainly.

The larva, during the three days before pupation, comes frequently to
the surface, before that time remaining mostly at the bottom. The favour-
ite feeding posture seems to be with back downward, lying on the bottom
of the jar.

September, 1905.

oo
(Se)
eo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.--No. 9.
THE BurraLo Carpet BEETLE,

(Anthrenus scrophularie, L.)

BN ooh Ss 2 bh TC WeR tO TT AWW A.

This destructive enemy of the housekeeper is evidently rapidly widen-
ing the area in Canada within which it occurs as a household pest. Strange
. to say, the species has
been found abundantly
on flowers out of doors
in some localities where it
has never been noticed
inside houses. Twenty-
‘five years ago many speci-
mens were sent to me by
a collector from Fort Mc-
Leod, N.-W. T., and specimens are found in entomological collections in
all parts of the Dominion.

The Buffalo Carpet Beetle, however, has proved destructive to wool-
len goods and furs only in certain districts, as in Western Ontario, the
Eastern Townships of Quebec, and the Annapolis Valley in Nova Scotia.
Unfortunately, every year tresh localities are added to those where it has
assumed the troublesome habit of injuring wearing apparel, carpets, etc.;
and demands for remedies are very frequent during the spring months,
when the prettily marked beetles are found in windows of houses or on

garden flowers. The life-history is briefly as follows :

Winter may be passed either as larva, pupa or perfect beetle; when out
of doors, it is probably, as a rule, in the larval form, although I have found
a perfect beetle in April in the folds of an old sack hanging on an apple
tree. The beetles, wnich are black, marked across the back with three
indistinct white bands and with a bright scarlet irregular stripe down the
middle, are about % of an inch long and ovalin shape. ‘They are oftenest
noticed in spring, when they sometimes swarm in the flowers of tulips, par-
ticularly those of red and yellow colours, and upon some kinds of Spirzas.
At this time of the year they frequently fly into houses, where eggs are laid
and the ljarve hatch in a few days. The larva is black and oval in shape,
covered with short, stiff bristles, with longer tufts of bristles in front and

behind. It is rather active, crawling with short, jerky movements, The
September, 1905,

334 i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

length of the larval condition is very uncertain; with plenty of food, devel-
opment is rapid; but with lack of food, the larval period is extended to
many months. Under normal conditions there are about six moults, and
not more than two annual broods in Canada. When full-grown the larval
skin splits down the back, showing the waxy white pupa inside, from
which, in time, the perfect beetle emerges. (Fig. 19: a, larva, upper
surface ; 4, under surface ; c, pupa; @, beetle—all greatly magnified.)

Remedies.—When once established, this is a very hard pest to get free
of. A few individuals will soon re-stock a whole house; so, thorough work
is very necessary. As the beetles enter houses by windows, probably at
night, fine mosquito netting should be put on early in the season. At
house-cleaning time all carpets should be taken up regulariy and thoroughly
beaten out of doors. The floors, after thorough sweeping, should be
scalded with hot water. When dry, benzine or gasoline should be driven
into all crevices with an atomizer. Before replacing the carpets, the
crevices of the floors should be well brushed out and the floors dusted
with a mixture of equal parts of pyrethrum insect powder and ground
cloves. If the odour is not objectionable, strips of tarred building paper
may be put round the edges of the rooms beneath the carpets. In chests
of drawers, etc., the contents should be frequently examined and small
bags containing ground cloves should be packed away in them. The
remarkable preference of this insect for articles of red colour has led some |
to lay rolls of red flannel in drawers to act as traps. These must be taken
out and scalded at short intervals.

BEES COLLECTED BY THE REV. G. BIRKMANN IN TEXAS.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.
. (Continued from page 267).

Melissodes grandissima, 0. sp.

?.—Length nearly 19 mm.; length of anterior wing about 13 mm.;
breadth of abdomen in middle 7 mm.; in all respects hke AZ. Comanche,
Cresson (co-type compared), except as follows: Abdomen broader; fourth
segment without a bare median area, the broad grayish-white band con-
tinued right across ; fifth and sixth segments with the hair purplish-black,
except the long hair at sides, which is paler and redder; hair of venter not
so red; hair of inner side of basal joint of hind tarsi reddish-black,

ferruginous basally: wings hardly so dark; black hair-patch on mesothorax
September, 1905.

_ r=. ee oe ee)
“ een re

.- ~*~ =|”

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 335

shorter, so that it is conspicuously broader than long ; flagellum dark,
with only a faint red tinge beneath ; hair on outer side of basal joint of
middle tarsi brownish-black (rufo-fulvous-in Comanche). Froin M. helian-
thelli, Ckll., it differs in the colour of the hair on the hind tarsi and apex
of abdomen, etc.

Hab.—Fedor, Texas (Birkmann). This may be a race of JZ.
Comanche, but in the absence of intermediates I leave it as a species. It
runs in my tables next to 17. Coloradensis, Cress., from which it is easily
known by its larger size and other characters.

Mr. Birkmann also took at Fedor MW. atriges, Cr. (June 8), J/. obliqua,
Say (May 29), and MV. zntorta, Cr.

Entechnia fulvifrons (Smith).

Fedor, in August. The bees of this genus seem quite unable to fold
away their long mouth-parts; they always carry them, when at rest, under-
neath the body, like the beak of an hemipteron. The present species
extends to the Argentine and Bolivia, whence it was described by Schrottky
as Meliphila tpomee.

Xenoglossodes ertocarpt (Ckil.).

Fedor, June 11. Newto Texas. X. albata (Cr.) was also taken at
Fedor, June 22.

Anthophora Texana, Cresson.

Fedor, the f June 12, the ? June-17. The ¢ (hitherto unknown)
has the face-marks bright yellow, and is in all respects (including the
armature of the hind legs) extremely close to 4. Californica, Cr. The
hair of the thorax above is pale echreous, and is without the intermixture
of black seen in the 2. A. ¢arsata subtarsata, Ckll., is also very closely
allied, but is readily distinguishable from Zexana, in the female by the
rapid narrowing of the face below, and in the male by the admixture of
Dlack hair on the thorax above. All these insects have the same peculiar
structure of the hind legs, and are evidently local representatives of a
single wide-spread type. Whether we call them species or subspecies
will depend upon the existence or otherwise of intergrading forms in
localities not yet explored. A @ having the characters of Zexana has
been taken by Snow in Arizona.

336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICE.

AMERICAN INsects—By Vernon L. Kellogg, Professor of Entomology
in Leland Stanford Jr. University. New York: Henry Holt &
Co., 29 West 23rd Street. 604 pages.

Ten years have gone by since the publication of Prof. Comstock’s
“ Manual for the Study of Insects,” which during that time has become
the recognized text-book for students of North American Entomology. .
There hardly seemed to be any need for another work of a similar kind,
and we took up this new book by Prof. Kellogg with the feeling that there
was no ‘“long-felt want” demanding to be filled. However, on exami-
nation, “ American Insects ” proves to be an excellent work, and we can
heartily recommend it to all who are interested in the classification and
natural history of insects. It is written in an agreeable and attractive
style and can be referred to anywhere by the ordinary reader without fear
of being disheartened by purely technical language. ‘There are, of course,
many pages on anatomical structure, development and metamorphosis,
which must necessarily be scientific and somewhat difficult for the un-
Jearned, but the greater part of the large volume is clear and simple and
most interesting to every Nature Student.

The first three chapters present the scientific introduction to the study
of Entomology and will well repay a careful perusal ; the next twelve treat
of the seventeen orders of insects, proceeding from the Aptera to the
Hymenoptera. Keys are given to the families, and a large number of.
species are figured and described. The concluding chapters are most
interesting, dealing with the inter-relation of flowers and insects; the
significance of the colours and patterns in which insects are arrayed, includ-
ing “mimicry” and protective resemblance, and up-to-date information on
disease bearing insects. An appendix furnishes concise directions for
collecting and rearing specimens. The book is profusety illustrated with
thirteen coloured plates and over 800 figures in the text—a large number
of these are excellent drawings made expressly for the work by Miss
Mary Wellman.

The author states that the book is written “in the endeavour to foster
an interest in insect biology on the part of students of natural history, of
nature observers, and of general readers.” He has certainly well fulfilled
his task, for no one can take up the book and open it anywhere without
becoming deeply interested in the subject treated of, whatever it may be,
provided, that is, that he has any love at all for living creatures, any
interest in the myriad forms and modes of life of these wonderful beings
that are everywhere about us.

Mailed August gist, 1905.

w

:

__

The € anadliay Entomologist

VoL. XXXVIT. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1905. No. 10

NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF SOME CANADIAN
TIGER MOTHS OF THE GENUS APANTESIS.

BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA.

Since the appearance of a paper in the May and June, 1903, numbers
of the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the writer has received for study either
eggs or larve of several species of Afantesis, information as to the earlier
stages of each of which was limited. The past three seasons in Canada
have not been remarkable as to the abundance of material to collect, and
Arctians, like many other kinds of moths, have been very scarce. Con-
sequently not as many species have been received for study as had been
hoped.

VIRGO.—33! eggs of this species were kindly forwarded in 1903 by
Miss Caroline G. Soule. They were laid at Brandon, Vt., on July 23, 24
and 25, and hatched on August 5, 6, 7 and 8. The eggs of virgo are the
same in appearance as those of other moths of the genus, but are larger,
measuring in width at the base 0.8 mm., and in height 0.8 mm.; in shape
semi-ovate. As notes were taken on the larval stages, these are presented
herewith.

Stage J.—Length when hatched 2.5 mm. Colour at first sordid
white, after feeding pale greenish. Head o4 mm. wide, dark brown,
excepting clypeus, mouth-parts and space above ocelli, all of which are
pale. Thoracic shield blackish. Tubercles shiny, blackish, i about
one-fifth the size of ii, which is the largest; iii nearly same size as ii, others
smaller than iii; ii, iii and iv encircled with blotches of pale orange.
Bristles faintly barbed, black from i, ii and iii, silvery from other tubercles.
Ventral surface pale. All the feet dull blackish ; thoracic feet rather
translucent.

Stage J/7.—Length just after moulting 4mm. Head 0.6 mm. wide,
blackish. Body after feeding dark sea green. A pale bluish dorsal stripe
is present in this stage. Tubercles black, conspicuous, shiny, each bearing
a bunch of bristles of varying lengths ; dorsal bristles black, subventral
ones silvery. The tubercles are surrounded or encircled with blotches, as

338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in previous stage, but the colour is now a distinct reddish brown. Spiracles
black, close in front of tubercle iv. Thoracic feet black ; prolegs slightly
darker than ventral skin.

Stage J/7.—Length 7 mm. Head 0.8 to 0o.g mm. wide, black, shiny;
slightly bilobed. Body dark, almost smoky, with a tinge of green,
becoming paler ventrally. Dorsal stripe dull orange, rather indistinct.
Along the sides, above tubercles iii and iv, are two series of dull orange
dashes, one above each tubercle, not very distinct. Bristles as in last
stage. Spiracles small, black. Thoracic feet blackish, prolegs concolor-
ous with venter, darker exteriorly.

Stage [V.—Length 1o mm. Head 1.1 to 1.2 mm. wide, jet black.
Skin of body velvety black, duller ventrally. Tubercles black, each bearing
a bunch of finely barbed bristles, those from i, ii, ili and upper part of iv
being black, lower bristles pale rusty. No markings on the body.
Spiracles black.

Stage V.—Length 17 mm. Head 1.6 to 1.8 mm. wide, black as
befcre, epistoma pale. The larve in this stage did not show any difference
from Stage IV. The velvety black of the body is the same as in the
mature larve.

On Sept. 26 six specimens moulted for the fifth time. At this
date, and for some days previous, the larvee, which were in a healthy con-
dition, showed signs of hibernation, and practically ceased feeding.

Stage V7.—Length 30 mm. Head 2.4 to 2.6 mm. wide. In this
stage the bristles from tubercles i, ii and iii in most of the specimens are
all black, but in some there are rust-red bristles on the dorsum of segments
2, 3 and 4, particularly on segment 2. One specimen had all rusty
bristles from all the tubercles, on segments 2 to 7 inclusive. Tubercles
shiny, black. Spiracles orange. In one specimen these were all black.
No markings of any kind on the body.

Unfortunately, not many of the larve came through hibernation
successfully, although we tried several different methods of hibernating
them. Those which did come through alive soon died.

Mature Stage—In the May, 1903, number of the CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST notes are given on the mature larve. After this paper
was written Mr. C. H. Young gave me three mature larve collected in

May, near Ottawa, all of which showed traces of a dorsal stripe, and had
tubercles i, ii and iii black ; iv, v, vi, vii and viii all reddish excepting in
one of the specimens, which had vii and viii almost black. One of these
Jarvee pupated on May 27, the moth emerging on June 24.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339

PARTHENICE.—A female moth was found on a blade of grass, at Meach
Lake, near Ottawa, by Mr. C. H. Young, on Aug. 27, 1903. About 375
eggs were laid on the 29th and 30th. These were handed to the writer,
along with the female moth. ;

The eggs were laid loosely like those of other species of the genus.
Width at base 0.75 mm.; height same as width. The young larve hatched
on Sept 12, 13 and 14, and were fed on plantain and dandelion.

Stage J.—Length 3 mm.; after feeding pale greenish. Head 0.35
mm. wide, black on cheeks, clypeus pale brown. Thoracic shield almost
concolorous with tubercles. On each segment of body is the usual row of
transverse tubercles. These are black, i very small, ii the largest, iii nearly
as large as ii, but more elongate ; all surrounded with reddish brown, the
red particularly apparent at the close of the stage. _Bristles finely barbed,
those from the dorsal tubercles black ; others silvery. Spiracles very
small, black, close in front of tubercle iv. Thoracic feet pale, translucent;
prolegs darker.

Many of the larvz passed the 1st moult on Sept. 16.

Stage //.—Length 3.5 mm. Head 0.6 mm. wide, blackish, clypeus
pale. In general the larve are pale brown, the food showing through
giving the body a greenish tinge. In this stage there is a pale dorsal
stripe. The skin between tubercles ii and ili is also pale, giving
the appearance of a lateral band. The venter is paler than the
dorsum. ‘Towards the end of the stage the skin changes to a dull reddish
brown. Bristles from dorsal tubercles black, from lateral and ventral
tubercles silvery. Feet almost concolorous with venter.

On Sept. 23 a number of the specimens passed the 2nd moult.

Stage [77.—Length 5 mm. Head 0.5 mm. wide, blackish, shiny ;
mouth-parts reddish. Body dark brown; skin immediately between
Dorsal stripe flesh-coloured. Tubercles black, i very small; base of ii
shining. Bristles faintly barbed, from dorsal and upper lateral tubercles
all black, lower bristles silvery. Long bristles from dorsum of segments
12 and 13. Spiracles small, black, round. Thoracic feet black, shiny ;
prolegs dark exteriorly.

Some of the larvae moulted again on October 5, and others soon
afterwards.

Stage [V.—Length 8 mm. Head 1.0 mm. wide. The larve in
general are blackish, with tufts of short black bristles. Under a lens the

340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

skin appears as dark brown. The tubercles are black and shiny, ii with a
polished base as in last stage. The dorsal stripe is now inconspicuous, in

fact it is only the dark brown skin of the body showing against the black
tubercles which gives the appearance of a stripe. Spiracles and feet same
as in Stage III.

Soon after Oct. 5 the larve were placed out of doors for the winter. .
They were put in large glass jars which contained dried leaves, among
which the larve crawled. A cheese-cloth covering was tied to the top of
the jar, and this was laid on one side, in the driest place, among a clump
of cedars.

On April 27, 1904, the jar was brought into the office, and it was
found that 15 larve were alive. At this date the snow had all disappeared
in open places, and none was left where the larve had hibernated. After
being brought into the office they were very quiet, and would not eat
anything until the 2gth, when some fresh food was sprinkled with water,
and by the morning of the 3cth the larve were in splendid condition, and
quite a lot of frass was in the jar. Length after coming out of hibernation
9 mm.

On May 3 one larva moulted, and by the 6th nine had moulted.

Stage V.—Length 12.5mm. Head 1.3 mm. wide, black, shiny, slight-
ly bilobed; epistoma, median suture and margins of clypeus pale. Dark .
hairy larve, darker on dorsum. Tubercles all black, shiny, small, 11 large,
with a polished base: Dorsal stripe inconspicuous as in last stage. Skin
just between the lateral tubercles has a pinkish tinge. Bristles black,
finely barbed. Spiracles black. Thoracic feet black, shiny ; prolegs,
upper half black, lower half reddish, almost salmon colour. —

On May roth ten specimens moulted.

Stage V7.—Length 16 mm. Head 1.6 to 1.8 mm. wide; same as in
Stage V. Skin of body now blacker. In this stage three specimens had
a flesh-coloured dorsal stripe, distinct on all segments; the others, with the
exception of two, which had no markings, had the dorsal stripe also, but
only on the thoracic segments. Tubercles all black and shining as before;
iv and lower tubercles bear mostly rusty bristles. All the other bristles on
the body are black. Spiracles black. Thoracic feet mostly. brown, blacker
towards base, shiny; prolegs, upper half black, lower half reddish. Later
in the stage the skin of body below the spiracles changes to brownish,
with a purplish tinge.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 341

Two larve moulted on May 17th, four the day following, and a few
others later.

Stage V77.—Length 21 mm. Head 2.0 to 2.2 mm. wide. Body in
general velvety black, with bunches of stiff barbed bristles. Tubercles i
and ii wholly black and shiny; iii black at base, but reddish at summit; all
black bristles from iii. Tubercle iv nearly all reddish, only a ring of black
at base. In the majority of specimens nearly all the bristles from iv were
rusty, but in one or two these were almost all black. Bristles from
tubercles below iv all rusty. ‘Tubercles v, vi and vii nearty all reddish,
viii mostly black, Spiracles black. The only trace of the dorsal stripe
now is on the thoracic segments, where it is very faint. Towards the
close of the stage the larvee lose their black velvety appearance, becoming
paler, particularly laterally and ventrally. All the feet wholly reddish.
Length of this stage at close 30 mm.

One larva moulted for the 7th time on May 24th, two on the 26th,
others soon afterwards.

Stage VII7.—Length 30.5 mm. Head 3 mm. wide, shiny, jet black,
except median suture, lateral margins of clypeus and space on cheeks
above ocelli, which are pale brownish. Skin of body on dorsum black,
shading to dark gray ventrally, overlaid particularly on dorsum with streaks
and blotches of velvety black. As the specimens varied somewhat, each
was examined separately. Tubercles on dorsum of thoracic segments of
the first specimen described were pale yellow, with black base, those on
same segments on sides reddish. Tubercle i on abdominal segments
black, about one-sixth the size of ii, which is also black, with a polished
base. Both i and ii shining black, not dull. Bristles from i and ii black,
finely barbed. Some of the bristles from tubercles on dorsum of thoracic
segments are dull yellowish. The large pair of tubercles on dorsum of
segment 13 mostly amber-coloured. Tubercle iii on all segments
distinctly yellowish, with black base ; iv, y, vi, vii and viii plainly reddish;
bristles from iii all black ; from iv and lower tubercles rusty, others black;
from v and vi and ventral tubercles bright rust-red. Spiracles orange,
with black rim, close in front of tubercle iv. Dorsal stripe in this speci-
men only present on thoracic segments. Thoracic feet reddish, darkened
at tips ; prolegs distinctly reddish, about the same colour as tubercles v
and vi.

A second specimen examined had tubercle ii on all the segments
with a touch of yellow-at the summit, and in this specimen the dorsal

342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

stripe was traceable but faint along the whole of dorsum, and tubercle iv
had nearly all the bristles rust-red. In this larva the spiracles on the three
posterior segments were black.

A third specimen was the same as the description above.

A fourth specimen had tubercle i on first three abdominal segments
tipped with pale yellow, and nearly all the bristles on the dorsum of the
thoracic segments were dark dull, rusty red; tubercle 11 on anterior.
abdominal segments was touched with yellow as in the second specimen
above noted, and tubercle iv had bristles all rust-red.

A fifth specimen showed no differences from any of the above.

A sixth specimen had a faint dorsal stripe on all segments, but other-
wise had no characters other than those noted above.

In all the specimens tubercle iii was yellowish, and iv, v, vi, vii and
viii reddish. In some tubercles i and 11 are wholly black, in others these
are tipped with yellow. In all the larve the thoracic feet and prolegs
were reddish. The dorsal stripe was faintly present on all the segments
in some specimens, while in others it was only noticeable on the thoracic
segments.

Towards the end of May, 1903, Mr. C. H. Young also gave the
writer three mature larve of parthenice, which were found by him at
Meach Lake, a short distance from Ottawa. Notes on these were taken
on May 28, on which date they were 42 mm. in length.

Specimen No. 1 had a flesh-coloured dorsal. stripe indistinct in the
incisures. Tubercles yellowish, those below the spiracles with a reddish
tinge. All the feet distinctly reddish, about the same colour as the
rust-red_ bristles from lower lateral tubercles. Began to spin cocoon June
6, emerged 2 moth July 6. :

Specimen No. 2 same as No. 1, only tubercles i and ii black, summits
of others yellow, bases black, excepting ventral tubercles, which are
wholly blackish. Feet all reddish.

Specimen No. 3: Tubercles i and ii wholly black, summit of iii
yellowish, iv and v nearly all yellowish, ventral tubercles yellowish-red.
All the feet reddish. Moth emerged July 16.

Another larva found April 20, 1904, by Mr. W. Metcalfe, and handed
to me, moulted on May 1, on May 23, and again on June 2. On June 24
this specimen measured 41 mm. in length, but then suddenly died. It

had a faint dorsal stripe, tubercles i and ii black, iii pale yellow, others
reddish-yellow. All the feet reddish. I have little doubt that this larva
was also that of parthenice.

Yr eee eS oe

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343

From my observations I would say that the mature larva of parthenice
differs from the mature larva of vérgo in the size of body, size of tubercle
i, colour of tubercles, particularly on the dorsum, and in having the
thoracic feet red. The bristles from the tubercles are not so stiff in par-
thenice as they are in virgo.

Pupa.—Length 22-24 mm., width 8.5 mm.; dull black, conspicuously
pruinose ; yellowish or reddish in folds of abdomen. Thorax and
abdomen bear short, black, stiff bristles. Spiracles black. Cremaster
shiny, blackish ; bristles capitate, reddish brown.

RECTILINEA.—In my previous notes, included in the above paper, I
spoke of this Arctian as being ‘‘very rare in Canada.” During 1903, how-
ever, the species was rather abundant at Aweme, Man., and a nice series
of the moths was collected by Mr. Norman Criddle. While Dr. Fletcher
was in the West, in 1903, he stopped off at Aweme, and among other
interesting things coilected some Arctian larve. -» These were received at
Ottawa on June 25. Unfortunately, only one of these larvz reached the
pupal state ; the moth emerged on July 25 and proved to be rectilinea.
The length of the pupal state was 19 days. This larva was a handsome
caterpillar, very rapid in its movements. In length it was 33 mm., the
head black, epistoma yellowish ; median suture and margins of clypeus
pale, the latter dark reddish brown at vertex. Skin of body in general
gray, mottled with velvety black. Dorsal tubercles of a yellow amber
colour, those below the spiracles of a reddish tinge. Bristles from
tubercles distinctly but finely barbed, those from tubercles above spiracles
mostly black, with a few silvery ones intermingled ; from lower tubercles
all silvery, tipped with rust-red. Dorsal stripe distinct, not broken, of a
bright pale yellow colour, tinged with red on the summit of each segment.
Feet reddish ; thoracic feet tipped with black.

This description agrees for the most part with the description of
Stage VII in my notes already published* on the larve of this species.

Pupa.—Length 20 mm., width 6 mm., almost black, with a reddish
tinge, paler in folds of abdomen ; only slightly pruinose ; abdomen and
thorax bearing sparsely, short, inconspicuous bristles. Spiracles céncolor-
ous with segments. Cremaster reddish, shiny, bristles capitate, of varying
lengths.

At Aweme the dates on which Mr. Criddle has taken the moths are
July 26, 27, August 6, 15, 17 and 25. Mr. L. E. Marmont, at Roun-
~ *Can. ENt., May, 1903, 0

344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

thwaite, Man., took a specimen on August.5, and Mr. E. F. Heath tells
us that he has taken the species at Cartwright, Man., in company with
parthenice. Mr. Criddle has reared the larvz on the Northern Bedstraw,
Galium boreale, L., and on the Veiny Pea, Lathyrus venosus, Mubl.

Ornata.—Mr. J. W. Cockle, the enthusiastic entomologist, of Kaslo,
B. C., has been good enough to send me the following note, which I have
pleasure in including here :

“Kaslo, B. C. Larva found on ground June 3, 1904. Length
extended 1% inches. Face black. Skin of dorsum velvety black. Faint
dorsal stripe, formed of irregular dashes, colour reddish-ochre. Tubercles
shiny, black, most pronounced towards anus. Bristles slightly barbed and -
black, except a few on lower side of stigmatal tubercles, which are
reddish-brown ; substigmatal bristles of the same colour. A few bristles
on segments 12 and 13 very long and fine, slightly roughened but not
barbed. Anus brown. Thoracic feet shiny black; prolegs reddish brown.
As I have so far only found one Afpantesis here, viz., ornata, and its
varieties, and two years ago secured one larva like the above, which duly
emerged achaia, I have no doubt of the identity of this larva.”

In 1902 Mr. Cockle sent eggs of ornata, but the larve from these all
died after reaching Stage VI. The difference between these and Mr.
Cockle’s larva, above described, is that the latter had a broken dorsal
stripe, while those reared in 1902 had no markings whatever on the body.

On May 12, 1905, a single mature larva was received from Mr.
Cockle. This was 46 mm. long; width of head 3 mm. Body velvety
black, shading to a slaty gray, with a purplish tinge. ‘Tubercles all black,
shiny, i about one-third the size of ii, which had a polished base. Bristles
from dorsal and lateral tubercles all black, from tubercle v and lower
tubercles all bright rusty. Spiracles wholly black. Faint traces of a
dorsal stripe. Thoracic feet black.

On May 16 it spun a few threads of silk, but unfortunately died on
the 18th.

NEVADENSIS var, INCORRUPTA.—Among some Lepidoptera sent to the
Division for examination, by Mr. L. E. Marmont, of Rounthwaite, Man.,
were two specimens of incorrupta (43 and 9), which had been reared
from Jarvze found in June on Castil/eia sessilifora, Pursh, and described
by Mr. Marmont as “ yellowish brown larvae, with a mixture of yellow,
gray and black hairs ; cream-coloured dorsal stripe, broken on each
segment ; large yellow warts across each segment. Spun up middle of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345

July (seven specimens), first moth emerged Aug. 6, and proved to be A.

nevadensis, Var. incorrupta ; got 3 2 and 3 4, but could not get them to
mate.”

During the summer of 1904, Mr. Marmont found further specimens of
the larvee feeding on the same plant, some of which he was kind enough
to send for study. Unfortunately, this food plant does not occur at Ottawa,
and although the larve were offered several other low plants, they refused
them, and soon died.

In June last, however, Mr. Marmont sent some more specimens,
which arrived in perfect condition. These were found feeding on the
same plant, Castilleta sesstlifora, but this year, although Mr. Marmont
continued for a while to send us a supply of the food-plant, we had no
trouble in getting them to eat dandelion and plantain.

The following description was made of the mature larve :

Length 338 mm. Head 3 mm. wide, shiny, wholly black, excepting
median suture, lateral margins of clypeus, which are pale, and a few streaks
of white above the ocelli. Skin of body gray, streaked and blotched with
black, or purplish-black, which gives the whole larva a purplish tinge; skin
paler ventrally. Dorsal stripe broken up on abdominal segments into
spots, three on each segment, the central one of which is yellow and
roundish, and immediately behind tubercle i; the other two spots are
white. On the thoracic segments the dorsal stripe is almost complete.
Tubercles on all the specimens very conspicuous, and decidedly yellow,
almost ochre yellow ; i nearly one-half the size of ii ; ili not so large as ii,
but larger than iv, v and vi. Bristles faintly barbed, and mostly whitish;
some yellowish and black bristles from the dorsal tubercles. Spiracles
black. Thoracic feet black, prolegs yellowish.

The cocoon of sncorrupta is very slight, as in other species of the
genus. One larva, which changed to pupa on July 3, produced the moth
on July 20; another which pupated on July 7, emerged as moth on July 21.

Pupa.—Length 20 mm., width 6.5 mm., reddish-brown, paler in folds
of abdominal segments; very slightly pruinose. Thorax and abdomen
sparsely hairy. Spiracles black, with pale centre. Cremaster darker than
abdomen, shiny, bearing capitate bristles of varying lengths.

Mr. N. Criddle tells me that he has found the larve of ‘ncorrupta at
Aweme, Man., feeding on Lamb’s-quarters.

346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SUPERBA.—-—On May 26, 1903, six mature larve of this species were
received from Mr. E. P. Venables, of Vernon, B. C. The larva is a par-
ticularly striking one, and will doubtless prove to be one of the handsomest
of the genus. The following notes were taken on the six specimens :

Length at rest 35 mm., extended 40 mm. Head 3 mm. wide, black,
slightly bilobed, subquadrate ; space above ocelli brownish, with dark
mottlings ; bases of antenne pinkish ; hairs on face black, of varying
lengths. Body in general appearance blackish gray. Under a lens, how-
ever, the skin is seen to be streaked and blotched with white, particularly
laterally. Ventral surface of body paler, of a greenish-brown colour. The
white blotches are particularly intense between tubercles ii and ii. The
six larvee vary as to the intensity and numbers of the white blotches. In
two specimens the whole body is streaked and blotched with white; and
the black skin appears as markings of that colour on a white body.
Dorsal stripe very distinct in all specimens; in one almost pure white, in
the others pale yellow. In one of the specimens the dorsal stripe is
broken up into spots, three on each segment. Tubercles in all the larvee
black and shiny, i about one-fifth the size of ii, which has a polished base,
and is the largest ; ili, iv, v and vi much the same size. Spiracles black,
with a pale, indistinct orange centre, close in front of tubercle iv. Bristles
faintly barbed, those from tubercles i, 11 and iii being black and yellowish
intermingled, those from iv and lower tubercles being either yellowish or
rust-red. ‘Thoracic feet black, prolegs reddish.

One specimen spun a little silk on May 28, but did not change to
pupa until July ro. The cocoon is very simple, merely a slight covering,
through which the pupa was quite conspicuous. Another specimen, which
began to spin about a week later than the above, changed to pupa about
July 29. The first moth (J) emerged on August 17, and the one which
pupated on July 29,0n Sept. 1. In all, four moths were reared, the dates
of the emergence of the other two being Sept. 4 and 10. Two larvee were
inflated.

Pupa.—Length 22 mm., width 7 mm., reddish-brown; two specimens
dark reddish-brown, two pale reddish-brown, all paler in folds of abdomen.
Thorax and abdomen sparsely hairy. Cremaster mahogany brown; bristles
capitate, reddish-brown, of varying lengths. Whole pupa slightly pruinose.

One of the moths was kindly compared by Mr. Wm. Beutenmuller
with the type of superba in the American Museum of Natural History,
New York.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 347

As it will be seen from the above description of the larvee, these were
much different from those of ézcorrupta received from Mr. Marmont.

VitratTa.—Another mature larva of this species came into the writer’s
hands the past season. This was found at Ottawa by Mr. J. W. Baldwin,
under a piece of stone, on April 20. This larva answered in every way
to the description which appeared in June, 1903, in the above-mentioned
article, and no additional characters were observed.

On April 27 it spun a few threads of silk, and by the 29th had woven
a slender cocoon. By the morning of May 1 it had changed to pupa.
The moth, a ¢, emerged May 26. This larva had doubtless hibernated
in the mature stage.

A NEW SUBAPTEROUS TIPULID FROM NEW MEXICO.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Over a year ago the writer received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell,
for naming, a pair of Tipulids with aborted wings, taken on the summit of
the Las Vegas Mts., in New Mexico. I suspected that they belonged to
some normally long-winged form, but repeated comparisons have failed to
convince me that they belong to any of those represented in the National
Museum. They closely resemble Limnophila costata, Coq., which also
inhabits high altitudes in the same region, but the joints of the antenne
are much shorter and broader, besides other differences. The 16-jointed
antenne, absence of a frontal gibbosity, the comparatively short terminal
joint of the palpi, glabrous eyes and spurred tibiw seem to ally this form
more to the genus ZLimmnophi/a than to any other genus known to me.
As Prof. Cockerell wishes to refer to it in a forthcoming paper, the new
form may be characterized as follows:

Limnophila? aspidoptera, n. sp.—Black, the bases of the antenne,
mouth-parts, sutures of thorax, lateral margins of abdomen, stems of
halteres, bases of the femora, tibize and tarsi, ovipositor of female and
inner portion of male hypopygium, yellow. Head and body gray prui-
nose, unmarked. Antenne reaching to base of wings, rather robust, the
second joint less than twice as long as wide, the fourth slightly wider than
long, the following joints becoming successively longer than wide. Wings
aborted, slightly shorter than the halteres, yellow on the basal half, the
remainder chiefly brown. Halteres considerably elongated. Male claspers
consist of a fleshy basal piece, to the inner side of which is attached a
three-pronged, chitinous process. Ovipositor of female of nearly a uni-
form width, curved toward the apex, the latter bluntly rounded.

Length rr mm. A specimen of each sex collected June 28. Type
No. 9033, U.S. National Museum.

October, 1905.

348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CENTRAL TEXAS COLEOPTERA.

BY W. KNAUS, MC PHERSON, KANSAS.

* The last week in May, 1904, the writer spent on a collecting trip for

Coleoptera in Central Texas. The places collected at were Ft. Worth, or
more properly speaking, Station 6, five miles east of the city, on the
electric line to Dallas, May 23; Granbury, on the Brazos River, May 24;
Brownwood, on Pecan Biyou, May 25-26; Winchell, on the Colorado
River, May 26-27 ; Brady, on Brady Creek, May 27; and Camp San
Saba, on San Saba River, two hundred miles south-west of Ft. Worth, on
May 27-28. This part of Texas was suffering for want of rain at the time
of my visit, but results were fairly satisfactory, as one hundred and forty
seven species were taken, as the list following shows.

Identifications of the species not readily recognized were made by
Mr. H. C. Fall, of Pasadena, Calif; Mr. H. F. Wickham, of Iowa City,
Iowa, and Mr. C. Schaeffer, of Brooklyn, N. Y.

The bred specimens referred to in the list were from Mesquite wood,
procured at Brownwood. No specimens emerged until the latter part of
August.

14a Cicindela Belfragei, Salle ; one specimen at Brownwood and one at
Winchell.
38 Cicindela rectilatera, Chd., Granbury and Winchell, on moist mud
near water. ;
40 Cicindela punctulata, Fab.; Station 6.
218 Pasimachus punctulatus, Hald.; a few specimens at Granbury.
219 Pasimachus Californicus, Chd.; several specimens at Brownwood.
265 Clivina pallida, Say ; at Granbury, two specimens.
283 Schizogenius lineolatus, Say ; not common at Brady.
Schizogenius, species between depressus, Lec., and amphibius, Hald.;
several specimens at Brady.
292 Ardistomis viridis, Say ; Brownwood, common.
388 Bembidium intermedium, Kirby ; common at Brownwood.
391 Bembidium versicolor, Lec.; Brady and Brownwood, not common.
421 Bembidium laevigatum, Say, Granbury ; several specimens.
463 Tachys nebulosus, Chd., Camp San Saba and Brady; several speci-
mens near water’s edge.
742 Calathus gregarius, Say ; Station 6.
772 Platynus extensicollis, Say ; Camp San Saba, common.

849 Galerita atripes, Lec.; Brady and Camp San Saba, a few specimens,
October, 1905.

876

939
961

1000
1007
1008
IOI2
1014
1021

1045

1062
1067
1083
1087
1125
1327
1502
1576
1592

1617
1626

1639

9318
1672

1698
1708
2167
2170
2182
2231
2251

2255
2278

co

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 34

Tetragonoderus fasciatus, Hald.; Camp San Saba, two specimens
under stones at water’s edge.

Cymindis laticollis, Say ; Station 6, four specimens.

Helluomorpha ferruginea, Lec.; Winchell, six specimens under
decaying wood.

Chleenius laticollis, Say ; Camp San Saba.

Chkenius prasinus, Dej.; Granbury, a few specimens.

Chleenius leucoscelis, Chev.; Camp Sin Saba, common.

Chleenius vafer, Lec.; Camp San Saba, two specimens.

Chlenius Nebraskensis, Lec.; Camp San Saba, a few specimens.

Chlenius Pennsylvanicus, Say ; Station 6, one specimen.

Oodes cupreus, Chd.; Brownwood, on moist mud, near the water’s
edge.

Agonoderus partiarius, Say ; Brady, two specimens.

Discoderus parallelus, Hald.; Brady, common.

Harpalus caliginosus, Fab.; Station 6, common.

Harpalus Pennsylvanicus, DeG.; Camp San Saba, common.

Selenophorus pedicularius, Dej.; Brady, three specimens.

Hydroporus dimidiatus, G. & H.; Brady, common.

Cybister fimbriolatus, Say ; Brady, three specimens.

Ochthebius fasciatus, Lec.; Brady, one specimen,

Tropisternus Californicus, Lec.; Brady, three specimens.

Berosus, species ; Brady, two specimens.

Cheetarthria atra, Lec.; Brady, one specimen. °

Philhydrus nebulosus, Say ; Brady, several specimens.

Helochares maculicollis, Muls.; Brady, one specimen.

Cymbiodyta morata, Lec.; Brady, two specimens.

Cercyon melanocephalum, Linn.; Camp San Saba, several speci-
mens.

Necrophorus marginatus, Fab.; Station 6.

Silpha inzequalis, Fab.; Station 6.

Philonthus hepaticus, Er.; Brownwood, common.

Philonthus flavolimbatus, Er.; Brownwood, two specimens.

Philonthus alumnus, Er.; Brownwood, two specimens.

Philonthus viridanus, Horn ; Brownwood, two specimens.

Actobius peederoides, Lec.; Brownwood and Brady, common.
Actobius terminalis, Lec.; Brownwood, one specimen.
Xantholinus pusillus, Sachse ; Brownwood, two specimens.
Trogophlceus, three species ; Brownwood and Brady.

395%

397°

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Stenus renifer, I.ec.; Brownwood, Brady and Camp San Saba,
common.

Stenus colonus, Er.; Camp San Saba, three specimens.

Stenus species near callosus, Er.; Camp San Saba, two specimens.

Cryptobium sellatum, Lec.; Camp San Saba, two specimens.

Apocellus spheericollis, Say ; Brady, one specimen, All the above
Staphylinids were taken on moist mud near pools.

Psyllobora obsoleta, Cas.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.

Exochomus contristatus, Muls.; Station 6.

Exochomus latiusculus, Cas.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.

Brachyacantha ursina, Fab.; Station 6.

Scymnus caudalis, Lec.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.

Languria leta, Lec.; Brownwood, common.

Ischyrus 4-punctatus, Oliv.; Granbury, common on fungus.

Tritoma atriventris, Lec.; Brownwood.

Lathropus vernalis, Lec; Brownwood, several specimens bred from
Mesquite.

Dermestes marmoratus, Say ; Winchell, one specimen.

Hister abbraviatus, Fab.; Winchell, two specimens.

Hister depurator, Say ; Brady, two specimens.

Hister subrotundus, Say ; Winchell, one specimen.

Saprinus fimbriatus, Lec.; Granbury and Brady, several specimens. ~

Teretrius levatus, Horn ; twelve specimens, Brownwood, in larval
burrows in mesquite.

Carpophilus pallipennis, Say ; Station 6 and Winchell, common in
Opuntia flowers.

Var. floralis, Er.; Winchell, common.

Colastus truncatus, Rand.; Winchell, one specimen.

Lutrochus luteus, Lec.; Camp San Saba, common, on stones in
river.

Helichus suturalis, Lec.; Camp San Saba, common, on underside of
stones in river.

Elmis, two new species; Camp San Saba, under stones in river,
one specimen; common.

Stenelmis vittipennis, Zim.; Camp San Saba, common, under stones
in river.

Stenelmis, two new species ; Camp San Saba, under stones in water.

Heterocerus undatus, Melsh.; Brady, one specimen.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 351

4092 Alaus lusciosus, Hope ; Brownwood, one specimen.
4251 Drasterius asper, Lec.; Winchell, one specimen.
4573 Chalcophora campestris, Say; Brownwood, one specimen, very
large.
4699 Acmeodera pulchella, Hbst.; Winchell, on Opuntia flowers
‘ Acmeodera negiecta, Fall; Winchell, common, on Opuntia flowers.

4872 Chauliognathus scutellaris, Lec.; Winchell, common.
5004 Collops 4—maculatus, Fab.; Winchell.

5038 Anthocomus Erichsonii, Lec.; Winchell, common, on Opuntia
flowers.

5109 Listrus senilis, Lec.; Winchell, several specimens.

5111 Dasytellus nigricorne, Bland.; six specimens at Winchell.

r127 Elasmocerus terminatus, Say; Brownwood, bred from Mesquite;
larve in white part of wood. .

5342 Sinoxylon Texanum, Horn; Brownwood, bred from Mesquite; per-
fect insects, tunneling vertically into wood.

5377 Trogoxylon Californicum, Cr.; Brownwood, bred from Mesquite;
larve in white part of wood, emerged from August to December,
very common.

5435 Canthon levis, Drury ; Brownwood, Camp San Saba and Winchell.

5442 Choeridium Lecontei, Har.; Brady, two specimens.

5451 Phaneus difformis, Lec; Granbury, one male and one female.

5453 Phaneus triangularis, Say ; Camp San Saba, one female.

5458 Onthophagus hecate, Panz.; Winchell, common.

5463 Onthophagus Pennsylvanicus, Har.; Winchell, common.

10208 Aphodius tenuistriatus, Horn.; Station 6.

5738 Lachnosterna cribrosa, Lec,; Brownwood and Winchell.

Lachnosterna, new species, Station 6, one male, two females, under
stones, near scrub oaks; species near corossa, Lec.

5842 Strigoderma arboricola, Fab.;.Brownwood, common.

5869 Ligyrus gibbosus, De G.; Brownwood and Winchell, common.

5892 Phileurus cribrosus, Lec.; Brownwood, one specimen in Mesquite
stump.

5901 Euphoria Kernii, Hald’; Winchell, several specimens and a black
var.

5938 Trichius Texanus, Horn; Winchell, two specimens.

6141 Batyle suturalis, Say ; Winchell and Brady.

352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

6169 Cyllene crinicornis, Chev.; Brownwood, several specimens bred
from Mesquite, emerged from wood, Sept., Oct. Apparently the
most common species boring in Mesquite.

6492 Mecas pergrata, Say ; Winchell, one specimen.

6580 Anomoea mutabilis, Lec.; Winchell, one specimen.
Pachybrachys, species, Camp San Saba, several specimens.

6707 Diachus auratus, Fab.; Camp San Saba, two specimens.

6775 Colaspis pretexta, Say ; Brownwood.

6971 Graptodera foliacea, Lec.; Camp San Saba, common.

7020 Aphthona Texana, Cr.; Station 6, one specimen.

7080 Odontota rubra, Web.; Station 6, two specimens.

7320 Eleodes tricostata, Say ; Brownwood.

7391a Nyctobates barbata, Knoch.; Station 6, one specimen.

7433 Blapstinus dilatatus, Lec.; Station 6.

7438 Blapstinus pratensis, Lec.; Brady, two specimens.

7510 Platydema excavatum, Say ; Granbury, common on fungus.

7550 Helops impolitus, Lec.; Winchell, one specimen.

7573 Helops farctus, Lec.; Winchell, one specimen.

7679 Eustrophus bicolor, Say ; Granbury, common on fungus.

7739 Oxacis cana, Lec.; Camp San Saba, four specimens.

7780 Mordella scutellaris, Fab.; Brownwood.

7847 Mordellistena marginalis, Say; Camp San Saba, Winchell, several

specimens.

7915 Macratria murina, Fab.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.

4922 Notoxus calcaratus, Horn.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.
Nemognatha, new species, Winchell, not uncommon.

8045 Gnathium Texanum, Horn.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.

8068 Macrobasis immaculata, Say; Winchell, two specimens.

8079 Epicauta trichrus, Pall.; Winchell, two specimens.

8083 Epicauta sericans, Lec.; Winchell, several specimens.

8140 Cantharis fulvipennis, Lec.; Brownwood and Camp San Saba.

8491 Lixus silvius, Boh.; Camp San Saba, three specimens.
Smicronyx species, Camp San Saba.

8681 Macrorhoptus estriatus, Lec.; Camp San Saba, one specimen.

8760 Acalles porosus, Lec.; Winchell.

11055 Tychius subfasciatus, Var.; Casey, Camp San Saba, one specimen.

g221 Cratoparis lunatus, Fab.; Station 6.

g227 Brachytarsus vestitus, Lec.; Winchell, common.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 353

THE INFLUENCE OF THE APID UPON THE GEOGRAPH-
ICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN FLORAL TYPES.

BY J. ARTHUR HARRIS, ST. LOUIS, MO.

The reciprocal relations of flowers and insects form a subject which has
attracted many workers since Darwin and others showed the importance
of this phase of biology. In the whole field of adaptation we have no
better materials than those afforded by the morphology of flowers and
insects considered in their relation to each other. The field has been
most exploited by botanists, but some entomologists have also made
valuable contributions to the literature of this subject, and their assistance
has always been necessary for the identification of visitors observed.

Ecology, the phase of biology which considers the animal or plant in
its relation to its environmental conditions, has been much pursued of
recent years. One of the oldest phases, and one which at the present
time, it seems to me, is not receiving the attention which it should, is that
concerned with the mutual adaptations of flowers and insects.

The researches of Darwin early showed the importance of the classic
studies of Koelreuter, Sprengel and Knight, and other workers immediate-
ly seized his ideas and proceeded to verify and elaborate them’ by obser-
vation, experiment and comparison. ‘The tracing of the development of
the various conceptions concerning the relations of flowers and insects
during this most important period in the history of biology is a most
fascinating exercise, but one which is quite out of place in this paper.
Here we are concerned only with the problem of the influence of the
insects upon the geographical distribution of the flora, and we shall make
no attempt to go back beyond the classic work of Hermann Miiller on
Alpine flowers and their fertilization by insects.

The basis of the floral theory of Miiller, as developed in the third
portion of his Alpenblumen, is the proposition of the beneficial effect of
crossing ; so often as the progeny of cross-fertilization comes into com-
petition for existence with the offspring of self-fertilization, it wins in the
contest ; only when the struggle for existence is absent may self-fertiliza-
tion suffice for long-continued propagation. The supporting evidence for
this thesis is two-fold: the direct proof of the extensive cultural experi-

ments of Darwin and the indirect evidence yielded by the organization of
flowers themselves.

While the importance of cross-fertilization has doubtless been over-
estimated by many writers, it hardly need be stated in this place that at

the present time no argument need be advanced in its support. Admitting
October, rgo5.

354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

that cross-fertilization is advantageous te the species, and that as a
consequence close adaptations to certain agents well fitted to effect cross-
fertilization have been evolved, it becomes at once evident that there will
be an ivtimate correlation between the distribution of the plant and the
agent upon which it depends for fertilization. This fact was recognized
many years ago, and numerous attempts have been made to determine the
effect of the insect fauna upon the constitution of the flora. Several of
these investigations, especially those employing the statistical methods
developed by Miller, have yielded results of great interest.

This phase of ecology is clearly one which demands for its complete
development the co-operation of students of both sciences, and it is the
purpose of the present paper to present briefly some results which seem to
the writer to indicate the interdependence of certain phases of floral
ecology and entomology and the importance both to botany and zoology of
their investigation.

Some years ago, while studying the floral ecology of So/anum and
Cassia, the writer was much impressed by the similarity of the floral
structure of these systematically widely-separated genera and the identity
of their ecological relations. Both genera are characterized by a widely-
open perianth, elongate anthers basifixed on short filaments and opening
by apical pores and usually connivent around a filiform style, terminating
in a punctiform stigma. Upon examining the systematic literature it was
found that forms in which the anthers open by apical pores, instead of the
more common longitudinal slits, are characterized by stamens and perianth
of the same form as those of these two genera. Certain genera from such
systematically widely-separated families as the Liliacee, Pontederiacee,
Commelinacez, Pittosporaceze, Leguminose, Tremandracee, Solanaceze
and Rubiacee, and genera from some other groups, have a floral structure
conforming in a remarkable degree to that exemplified by the familiar
Solanum and Cassia. The floral structure in these families exhibits a
wide range of form, and the close resemblance of these representatives,
amounting to an almost identical habit, suggested the interest of a further
investigation which might furnish some clue to the real nature of the
parallelism. So/anmum and Cassia are known to be adapted to pollen-
collecting bees, and as the material and literature were examined the

evidence that all the forms are adapted to fertilization by bees became
quite considerable. It was also observed that these apically dehiscent
forms seemed to be more abundantiy represented in some regions than
in others.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 355

The parallelism of structure, the apparent. identity of ecological
relationship and the suggestion of some peculiarities of geographical dis-
tribution seemed to justify the extensive investigations necessary for the
elaboration of the problem. .

The final treatment of the various phases of the problem is not yet
ready for publication, but quite a full discussion appears in the Sixteenth
Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden. It is the purpose of
the present note to direct the attention of entomologists to a phase of
ecology and biogeography, which is of interest to both botanists and
zoologists, and requires the co-operation of both groups of workers.

The plant forms to be considered were limited to those in which the
anthers open by terminal pores instead of the more general longitudinal
slits. Detailed structural comparisons have shown that flowers with apical-
ly dehiscent anthers may be divided upon structural grounds into seven
groups. Like most categories of classification, these groups are not
sharply defined, but in some degree transgressive. The distinction
between dehiscence by pores and by longitudinal splits and between the
severa! types recognized is not an absolute one. The number of apically
dehiscent genera or species might be increased or decreased by including
forms in which the lateral slits first open more widely at the tip, or ex-
cluding all those in which the pores are finally supplemented by lateral
slits. The number of genera as limited is, the writer feels confident,
approximately right so far as may be determined from systematic literature
and the examination of herbarium material. The groups, too, cannot be
separated by sharp characters, but the questionable forms are but few as
compared with those which do fall clearly into one of the recognized
classes.

The classes recognized have been designated as the Araceous,
Gramineous, Polygalaceous, Ericaceous, Dilleniaceous, Solanum-Cassia
and Melastomataceous types. The first three of these represent well-
defined groups, which are quite foreign to our present consideration.
The Ericaceous type is not so sharply limited, and perhaps includes
some forms which should have been placed in one of the other types.
The Dilleniaceous, Solanum-Cassia and Melastomataceous types are the
ones to which especial attention has been given.

The Dilleniaceous type has both whorls of the perianth usually
developed, but one or both sometimes reduced, usually campanulate or
rotate in disposition ; stamens indefinite in number; filaments iong or

396 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

short, free or variously united ; anthers mostly elongate, basifixed; flowers
usually actinomorphic throughout, but andrcecium sometimes zygomorphic;
gyncecium of distinct or variously united carpels ; flowers generally highly
coloured and conspicuous.

To the Dilleniaceous type have been assigned five genera of the
Dilleniaceze, five of the Eleocarpacee, three of the Ochnacez, and one
each of the Theacez, Bixacee and Flacourtiaceex. With the possible
exception of the Ericaceous type, it shows the widest range of form of any
group recognized ; furthermore, it is the best known ecologically, and it
is quite possible, or even probable, that its members are adapted to very
different modes of pollination.

The Solanum-Cassia type may be characterized as follows: Perianth
usually quite large, mostly actinomorphic, segments campanulate or more
generally patent or reflexed in disposition ; andrcecium of few members,
usually 5 or ro, very rarely as many as 15, staminodia sometimes present,
as reduced members of these numbers in zygomorphic forms, or more
rarely from a multi-staminate andrcecium ; filaments much reduced in
in length; anthers basifixed, oblong to sagittate or linear, often more or
less connivent around the filiform style with its small, generally simple
stigma, or at least erect, very rarely distant ; flowers generally conspicuous
and highly coloured,

The members of this type show a remarkable uniformity of structure.
To it have been assigned 49 genera, as follows: Mayaca (Mayacacee),
Schenocephalium, Stegolepes, Rapatea, Saxo-Fridericia, Cephalostemon,
Spathanthus (Rapateacee), Cartonema, Dichorisandra (Commelinacee),
Monochoria (Pontederiacee), Wadlleria, Agrostocrinum, Dianella,
Calectasia, Luzuriaga (Liliacee), Conanthera, Cyanella,, Zephyra,
Lecophilea (Amaryllidacee), Cheiranthera (Pittosporacee), Cassia,
Koompassia, Distemonanthus, Labichea, Dicorynia, Baudouinia,
Duparquetia, Krameria, Martiusia (Leguminose), Platytheca,
Tetratheca, Tremandra (Tremandracee), Zhomasia, Guichenatia,
Lystosepalum, Lasiopetalum (Sterculiacee), Ouratea, Brackenridgea,
Godoya, Elvasia, Blastemonanthus, Wallacea, Schuurmansia, Pecilandra,
Luxembergia, LEuthemis, Leitgebia (Ochnacez), Stemonoporus, Mono-
porandra (Dipterocarpacee), Xiggelaria (Flacourtiacee), Begonia,
sections Solanthera and Parvibegonia (Begoniacee), Ardisia, sections

Icacorea, Stylogyne and Monoporus (Myrsinacee), Gardneria (Logani-
acer), Lxacum, Cotylanthera (Gentianacee), Solanum, Cyphomandra
(Solanacez), Argostemma and Strumpfia (Rubiacee),

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 357

The Melastomataceous type includes, besides the Melastomatacee,
only Storckiella of Leguminose and Maximilianea and Amoreuxia of the
Bixaceze.

In this type there is the same conspicuous, patent corolla and elon-
gate, basifixed anthers as in the Solanum-Cassia type. Dehiscence by
pores seems to be more specialized, since, in nearly all the forms, the
anthers open by a single and usually minute terminal pore instead of two,
as is commonly the case in other groups. The essential difference be-
tween this and the Solanum-Cassia type is the elongate filaments. These
make possible the highly-organized anther of the Melastomatacee. To
this class belong clearly all of the 161 genera of the Melastomatacee,
except 12, in which the anthers open by more or less longitudinal slits.

A few genera in which the anthers exhibit more or less terminal
poriform openings do not fall into any of the seven classes recognized.
Our knowledge of these forms is not sufficient to justify establishing
special classes for them or placing them in any of the groups already
recognized. They have simply been designated as aberrant forms and
like the first four classes, left out of consideration in the distributional
tabulations.

(To be continued).

NOTES ON NEW PHILIPPINE HYMENOPTERA.
BY ROBERT E. BROWN, S. J., MANILA OBSERVATORY.

Dr. W. H. Ashmead, of the National Museum, Washington, D. C.,
has published from time to time in the CanapDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST de-
scriptions of new genera and new species of Hymenoptera from the
Philippine Islands. As the great majority of these new insects were
either collected or bred in the garden attached to the Manila Observatory,
perhaps the life-histories of some of them will not be without interest and
value.

Microplitis Philippinensis, sp.n., Ashm. Fam. Braconidze.—Bred
in the Manila Observatory. This hymenopteron was bred for the first
time from the larva of the Sphinx moth, Cherocampa oldanlandiez, Fab.,
but later on it was bred from three other species of Sphinx, viz.: d/efo-
psilus acteus, Cram., Cherocampa celerio, Linn., and Panacra mydon,
Walker. It would appear from many observations that the parasite only
attacks the larve in their earlier stages, for we have never found a
full-grown Sphinx larva parasitized by AZ, Philippinensis. When the

October, 1905.

358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

larval parasite is full-grown it eats its way out through one of the anterior
segments of its host and proceeds to spin its cocoon. The cocoon is
fastened by one end to the body of the caterpillar at a small distance from
the place of emergence. The cocoon itself is an elongated oval of yel-
lowish-white silk, about 6 mm. in length, and is fastened to the leaf under-
neath the body of the larva by a stout strand of silk, which thus also
secures the caterpillar to the leaf and prevents its moving. In about a
week the adult AZ. PAilippinensis cuts a neat round hole from the top of
the cocoon and escapes. Dr. Ashmead’s description is as follows:
Length, 4.5 mm. Black; face in front finely, closely punctate, opaque,
the thorax above shining, but minutely punctured, the metathorax very
coarsely reticulated with a sharp median carina; palpi yellowish ; legs
black or fuscous, the front femora at apex and beneath their tibiz and
tarsi, and other legs from tip of femora are yellowish ; the hind tibiz are
very stout, and are more or less brownish or reddish outwardly from the
middle to near the base. Wings with the apical third fuscous, the basal
two-thirds subhyaline, the stigma and veins black.

Lesolynx flavipes, new genus, new species, Ashm.—Bred in the
Observatory Garden. This minute hymenopteron is a parasite of the
above-mentioned insect, JZ. Philippinensis. On one occasion, when the
latter had spun its cocoon on the back of a Sphinx larva, we noticed that
a number of small black hymenoptera were hovering round the caterpillar,
and as several seemed to alight on the cocoon itself we caught a few, and
collected the cocoon and placed it in a test tube with a wad of cotton asa
stopper. JZ. Philippinensis ought to have emerged at the end of the
week, but nothing appeared even at the end of two weeks. After three
weeks, however, that is three weeks after having observed the small
Hymenoptera alight on the cocoon, 32 WVe/solynx flavipes emerged, and on
examining them they were seen to be of the same species as the
Hymenoptera previously seen. As the JV. flavipes were probably laying
their eggs when first obtained and observed, it would show that the whole
life cycle of the insects is completed in three weeks.

Kradibia Brownii, sp.n., Ashm. Fam, Agaonide.—Bred in the
Observatory Garden.

Sycoryctes Philippinensis, sp.n., Ashm. Fam. Torymide. Sub-Fam.
Idarninze.—Bred in the Observatory Garden. Both of these insects were
obtained from the same fig tree, viz.: Ficus heterophylla, Linn., or Ficus
aspera, Forst. The Kradibia is the ordinary fig-wasp, while the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359

Sycoryctes is a parasitic fig insect. These insects are interesting, inas-
much as they are the first fig insects to be discovered in the Philippine
Islands.

Oencyrtus papilionis, sp. n., Ashm. .-Fam. Encyrtide.—Bred in the
Observatory Garden This species was bred from the eggs of three
distinct species of Papilios, viz.: P. alpenor, Cram.; P. agamemnon, Linn.,
and P. rumanzovia, Esch. As many as five and six O. papilionis were
bred from each egg. We do not know the exact period.

Charops papilionis, sp. n. Fam. Ichneumonide. Sub-Fam
Ophioninz.—Bred in the Observatory Garden. This comparatively large
species (length, 10.5 mm.) was bred from the larva of Papilio agamemnon,
Linn. The egg was laid in the body of the larva after the second moult,
and the caterpillar moulted a third time and was preparing to moult for the
fourth time when the parasite reached the vital organs and killed it.
When the O. papilionis emerged it left the shell: of the larva perfectly
empty.

NEW SPECIES OF CULICID.
BY JOHN A. GROSSBECK, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.

The following new species of mosquitoes have been found in New
Jersey during the present summer (1905) in the course of the investiga-
tion conducted by Dr. John B. Smith.

Culex pallidohirta, sp. nov. §.—Head brown, occiput clothed
with yellowish scales and a few dark brown ones intermixed; antenne
brown, the basal joint and basal half of following one dirty yellow ; pro-
boscis brown, with whitish scales scattered over the surface save at the
apical fourth ; palpi brown, tipped with silvery white, four jointed, apical
joint minute, flattened, spiny. Mesonotum covered with pale brown
scales and with a narrow median furrow obsolete on posterior portion,
bounded on each side by scales of a slightly darker colour ; a lateral line
of pale yellow scales beginning near the posterior margin and extending
to the middle of the lateral margin of the mesonotum also encloses these
darker scales ; scutellum pale brown with creamy-yellow bristles on the
posterior margin ; metanotum evenly pale brown ; pleura yellowish-brown
with patches of whitish scales; halteres dirty white. Abdomen creamy
with a metallic silvery-gray lustre in life, somewhat darker with grayish

shadings in pinned specimens; genitalia dark brown. Legs cream
coloured, the anterior part of all femora and also anterior part of tibia of

fore leg brownish ; the apical two or three joints of fore and mid tarsi
October, 1905.

360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

also brownish; claws all uniserrated; wings hyaline with slender
brown scales and broad whitish ones, petiole of first sub-marginal cell
about half the length of this cell. Length 4.5—5 mm.

-Types, 2 females in the New Jersey Experiment Station collection.
This species is at once recognizable by its silvery lustre and cream-
coloured legs.

A single specimen of this species hatched May 5th out of a lot of
larvee and pupe sent in by Mr. Brehme, who collected them as Culex
Canadensis from the Orange Mountains. The remaining larvae were
immediately put into alcohol and the pupz left to develop; but all
Canadensis emerged from the pup and no larve distinguishable from
that species could be found. Another collection in the same locality was
made several days after the first and from this lot another female hatched
May 26th. Of the numerous other larve with which they were associated
all were Canadensis and one Corethra cinctipes. We had evidently
gotten hold of the tail end of the brood ; no larve remaining.

Culex saxatilis, sp. nov. 2.—Head brown, occiput covered with
yellowish white scales and some dark brown ones ; antennz and proboscis
dark. brown, the former with scattered whitish scales; palpi brown,
apparently three jointed, the fourth being minute, pointed and wholly re-
tracted within the third joint. Mesonotum clothed with rich brown scales
and pale yellowish ones at the margins ; two naked lines extend down the

anterior part and two pale yellowish spots are on the centre of the dorsum
which become more or less diffused posteriorly; scutellum brown with
yellowish scales and long black bristles on the posterior margin ; metano-
tum grayish brown ; pleura light brown with small patches of dirty white
scales; halteres yellowish. Abdomen dark brown, all segments with
apical white bands which become broad laterally, till, beneath, it is white
with dark brown basal corners. Legs black, cox, base and under side
of femora and a small spot at the knee creamy; claws simple; wings
hyaline, the scales brown, petiole of first sub-marginal cell about one-third
the length of this cell. Length 4.7—-5 mm.

Types, six females in the New Jersey Experiment Station collection.
Distinguished from Culex territans, its nearest American ally, by its large
size, dark colour, broadly banded abdomen and spotted thorax.

Pupze of Culex saxatilis were found August 31st on Garret Mountain
(Paterson), in a rock-bottomed pool, associated with larve and pupz of
C. pipiens. In the afternoon of the same day two females emerged to-
gether with several pipiens. Sept. rst, 5 others, all females, hatched with
more pipiens. Later emergences were all pipiens. As in the preceding
species the last of the brood was collected in the pupal stage ; no larve
remaining.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 361

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BJULDER, CULO.

GENERA OF DIPTERA.

Some of the generic names used for Scatophagidz will stand or fall
according to one’s notionof homonymy. Becker, in 1894, proposed the
name Orthacheta (cf. Index Zoologicus); Aldrich, in the interest of orthog-
raphy, has altered this (Cat. N. A. Diptera) to Orthocheta. Now,
Germar long ago used Orthochetes for a beetle, while Cossmann, in 1890,
used Orthochetus for a mollusc. I do not pretend to say what ought to be
done with such a mix-up ; it comes back to the old question, whether an
error in spelling (which may hypothetically be attributed to the printer)
must be maintained ; and again, if not, whether the differences in the
termination suffice to prevent homonymy. To the lust question I should
answer yes, and so retain the fly, mollusc and beetle names.

In the same year Becker named another Scatophagid genus
Megaphthalma, and Aldrich (|. c) alters this to Megophthalma. Is this
to be held invalid because of the earlier Alegophthalmus, Curtis ?

Aldrich credits Pogonota and Okenia to Becker. It is FPoegonota,
Zett., 1846 (Okenia, Zett., 1840, preoccupied).

In the Blepharoceridz, Kellogg has a genus PAz/orus. Is this a
homonym of /Pisloros, Walker, 1854, a word with the same derivation,
applied to a valid genus of moths ?

In Anthomyide, Zetracheta, Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1898, p. 254,
isa homonym of TZetracheta, Ehrenb. The Dipterous genus may be
called Parasteinia, n. 0., type Parastetnia unica ( Tetracheta unica, Stein.)

There are several other homonymous generic names in our list of
Diptera ; the attention of their authors has been called to them, and it is
hoped that substitutes will be provided.

Some Nocruip Morus.

Luxoa brunneigera, Grote—Hampson remarks (Cat. Lep. Phal. IV.,
270) that *‘the form from Colorado is paler and grayer brown, the mark-
ings of fore wing sometimes obsolescent, the hind wing paler towards
base.” I think this Colorado insect is a valid subspecies, which may be
termed Z. brunneigera Masoni. The specimen before me is from Mr. J.
Mason’s collection, and is from Glenwood Springs, Colorado. I com-
pared it with the excellent series of true drunneigera in the National
Museum, and found that it differed by the lighter and redder colour, the
broader primaries, and the much fainter median band. Z. cttricolor,

Grote, also occurs at Glenwood Springs (Mason collection).
October, «o5.

362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Ac:ntia neomexitcana, Smith, notwithstanding the name, was not de-
scribed from New Mexico. Fortunately the name is justified by a
specimen in the National Museum, collected by myself at Las Cruces,
N.°M,, in April.

Cinophanus Pyari, Ckil.—Described from New Mexico, is also
found in the Huachuca Mts., Arizona. (In coll. U.S. National Museum.)

Two Parasitic HYMENOPTERA.

I have recently described two parasitic species, basing my conclusions
as to their distinctness on published descriptions. I gave the types t
the National Museum, and when recently in Washington took occasion to
compare them with their nearest allies.

Proctotrypes Coloradicus, Ckll., is darker and rather more robust than
P. pallidus, Say. Dr. Ashmead thinks it is a form of pa//idus, and this
is very likely the case. I will take the opportunity to record that P.
rujigaster, Prov. (det. Ashm.), was collected by myself at Monument
Rock, Santa Fé Canon, New Mexico. This is the first record of the
genus from New Mexico.

Porizon Vierecki, Ckll., differs from the allied hyalinipennis, Cress.,
(type compared) by the white veins of the wings, and especially by the
much more slender hind femora. P. Ayalinipennis has thick femora in
both sexes.

A NEW DEXIID PARASITE OF A CUBAN BEETLE.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Thelatrodes ischyri, new species.

Black, the antennz, palpi, labella and front corners of the first two
abdominal segments pale yellow, the last segment and hind edge of the
preceding orange yellow. Front at narrowest part one-fifth as wide as
either eye, the upper three pairs of frontal bristles much larger than the
others, one pair beneath insertion of antenne, facial ridges strongly diverg-
ing below, antenne slender, almost as long as the face, the third joint five
times as long as the second. Mesonotum gray pruinose, a broad fascia
behind the suture, and four vitte in front of it black, three postsutural and
two sternopleural bristles. Abdomen bearing marginal bristles on the last
three segments, and with a discal row on the last one ; abdomen polished,
the last three segments narrowly whitish pruinose on their bases. Pulvilli
much shorter than the last tarsal joint. Wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

A male specimen bred from the beetle, Zschyrus flavitarsis, Lec., in
April, at Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, by Dr. George Dimmock. Type
No. 8458, U. S. National Museum.

October, 1905.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 363

CAANOCEPHUS IN AMERICA.
BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Heretofore the genus Cénocephus, Konow, has been known only
from Siberia, and by a single species. [wo undescribed species from
western United States cccur in Dr. Alex. D. MacGillivray’s collection
(Cornell University), one of them also in the collection of the American
Entomological Society, and at the request of Dr. MacGillivray I here
describe them.

Length 11 mm; wings slightly tinged with yellow; second and third
abdominal segments in part red........... See jalte NOON L, TIS [Di

Length 16 mm; wings somewhat smoky; second, third and fourth
abdominal segments entirely red ............. ... Aldrichi, n. sp.

Cenocephus Aldrichi, n. sp.—Black; legs except cox and tro-
chanters, abdominal segments two, three and four red; wings somewhat
smoky. Length 16 mm.

Antennz almost filiform, slightly thickened mesally, the first segment
of the flagellum slightly exceeding the second. Head minutely punctured
above. Pronotum subquadrate, deeply notched posteriorly. Wings
somewhat smoky, the hind wings without a cubital cell. Posterior tro-
chanters and the rest of the legs except the coxe red ; no spines on the
posterior tibiae. Abdomen rather long, black, the second, third and
fourth segments entirely red.

Habitat—-Juliaetta, Idaho. Type in the collection of Cornell
University.

I take pleasure in dedicating this large and beautiful species to the
collector, Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

Cenocephus Konowi, n. sp.—Black, legs and a band near the base
of the abdomen red ; wings stained yellow. Length 11 mm.

Head black; clypeus somewhat prolonged and aimost truncate,
slightly triserrate; mandibles deeply toothed, yellow; occiput very
minutely punctured, polished, covered with very minute black pubescence;
flagellum black, eighteen segmented, very slightly thickened mesally, first
segment somewhat longer than the second. Pronotum quadrate, shining
as in the rest of the trunk. Wings stained slightly yellow ; posterior ones
without a complete cubital cell. Legs red, or the coxe and fore and
middle trochanters black ; no spurs on the tibie before the apex. Abdo-

504 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

men black, second and most of the third segment reddish yellow, or in
one paratype the second and third segments red, the apex of each black
in the-middle.

Habitat— Washington ; Moscow, Idaho (Prof. J. M. Aldrich). Type
and one paratype in the collection of the American Entomological Society
and one paratype in the collection of Cornell University.

I dedicate this species by permission to Rev. Fr. W. Konow, whose
work on the Phytophagous Hymenoptera stands alone.

A REMARKABLE FLIGHT OF COAZSA, “WATER BOATMEN.”
BY D. LANGE, ST. PAUL, MINN.

Between 2 and 3 o'clock on the afternoon of Oct. 11, 1904, I
observed a remarkable flight of ‘‘ Water Boatmen” at St. Paul, Minn.
Thousands of them were flying hither and thither over several asphalt-
paved streets, which had just been watered, and on which the sun was
shining; the temperature was about 60° F. in the shade, the sky was clear,
and there was no wind. The insects evidently mistook the wet asphalt
for water. Thousands of them alighted, and were held fast by the film of
mud until they died. About 5 o’clock I noticed on one street a struggling
‘* Boatman” to every square inch of surface.

Have these insects regular autumn swarming days like ants, or do
they migrate trom one body of water to another in search of favourable
winter quarters? The lakes and ponds about the city were full of water,
and therefore this general flight was not caused by any scarcity of the
element. Prof. F. L. Washburn, who identified the insects for me, found
that there were ten to twenty males to one female, and I did not see any
of them mating. These insects are frequently attracted to the electric
lamps at night, but I never before found them flying in the daytime.

A few individuals of Corisa and a number of “ Whirligig beetles ”

were flying here during the afternoon of Oct. 28, the weather being fine
and the temperature about 55°.

THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Entomological Society of Ontario will
be held at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, on Wednesday and.
Thursday, Oct. 18 and 19.

Mailed September goth, 1905.

The € anatiay Fntomologist

VoL. XXXVII. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1905. No. 11

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.

The forty-second annual meeting of the Society was held, by kind
invitation of President Creelman, at the Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph, on Wednesday and Thursday, October 18th and roth. Owing to
the unavoidable absence of Mr. John D. Evans, President of the Society,
the chair was taken by the Vice-President, Dr. James Fletcher,

Dominion Entomologist and Botanist, Ottawa. Among those present
were: Rev. Dr. Fyles, Quebec; Mr. H. H. Lyman, Montreal; Mr. C.
H. Young, Hurdman’s Bridge; Mr. Arthur Gibson, Ottawa; Mr. C. C.
James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario, Messrs. J. B. Williams
and C. W. Nash, Toronto; Mr. G. E. Fisher, Burlington; Rev. Dr.
Bethune, London ; President Creelman, Professors Lochhead, McCready,
Sherman, Hutt, Reed, Messrs. Clew, Zavitz, Barlow, Jarvis, Hotson and
others, Guelph. There were also present a large number of the young
women students from the Macdonald Institute and of young men from the
Agricultural College. At some of the meetings the attendance was over
one hundred. The Society was also favoured with the presence of Prof.
John B, Smith, State Entomologist of New Jersey, and a Professor in
Rutger’s College, one of our honorary members.

During the first morning a business meeting of the Council was held,
at which the Treasurer’s report was received and adopted. Application
was made by a number of gentlemen belonging to the Agricultural College
and the Wellington Field Naturalists’ Club for the formation of a Guelph
Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario. The request was very
heartily acceded to, and the Branch was inaugurated with an initial list
of twenty-four members.

Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado, Boulder,
Colo., an eminent entomologist, especially distinguished by his work in
the Coccide and Hymenoptera, was unanimously elected an honorary
member.

In the afternoon the reports of the Directors on the injurious insects
of the year were read, and interesting discussions followed upon the

366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Tussock Moth, the Cottony Maple Scale, the Pea Weevil, the San José
Scale and other insects of economic importance. A paper was also read
by Prof. Sherman on ‘ the Entomological Conditions in North Carolina.”

In the evening a public meeting was held in the Massey Hall, and —
was largely attended by the members, students and visitors. President
Creelman welcomed the Society to the Ontario Agricultural College, and
gave an outline of the different departments of practical work in it and
the affiliated Macdonald Institute. Mr. Barlow, of Guelph, also welcomed
the Society on the part of the Wellington: Field Naturalists’ Club, of which
he is President, and described the doings of the Club in the past and the
investigations to,be carried on in the future, the object being to make a
ccmplete survey of the fauna and flora of the County of Wellington. Dr.
Fletcher, the Chairman, replied in happy terms, and then introduced Prof.
John B. Smith, who gave an admirable and most interesting address on
“What has been tried in New Jersey for the extermination of Mosquitoes.”
The lecture was illustrated with a large number of lantern slides, and in
the course of it a very lucid explanation was given of the conveyance of
malarial disease by the agency of mosquitoes. At the close a very hearty
vote of thanks was given to Dr. Smith, proposed by Mr. C. C. James and
seconded by Rev. Dr. Fyles.

During the second morning, Thursday, October 19th, papers were
read on a variety of subjects by Dr. Fyles, Messrs. Gibson, Jarvis, Lyman,
Stevenson and Zavitz, and were discussed by many of those present. In
the afternoon the officers for the year 1905-6 were elected, and papers
were read and addresses given by Mr. Evans, Prof. Sherman, Mr. Lyman,
Dr. Fyles, Mr. J. B. Williams, Mr. Gibson, Dr. Fletcher, Mr. J. F. Smith,
Prof. McCready, Prof. Lochhead, Dr. Bethune, Prof. Hutt, President
Creelman, Mr. C. W. Nash, Mr. Clew. A cordial vote of thanks was given
to President Creelman and the staff of the Agricultural College for their
kindnsss and hospitality, and to the reporters of the Toronto Glebe and
the Guelph Hera/d and Mercury for their excellent accounts of the
proceedings.

During the meetings a large number of rare and interesting specimens
were exhibited by Prof. Sherman, Dr. Fletcher, Mr. Gibson, Dr. Fyles,
Mr. Lyman, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Zavitz, and a large case of most beautiful
Micro-Lepidoptera, about 1,500 in number, by Mr. C. H. Young.

The following is the list of officers elected :

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

President—J. D. Ewans, C. E., Trenton.
Vice-Prestdent—Dr. James Fletcher, Ottawa-
Secretary—W. E. Saunders, London.
Treasurer—J. A. Balkwill, London.
Directors : Division No. r—C. H. Young, Hurdman’s Bridge.
Division No. 2—C. E. Grant, Onllia.
Division No. 3—J-. B. Williams, Toronto.
Division No. 4—G. E. Fisher, Burlington.
Division No. 5—Franklin Sherman, Guelph.
(The Ex-Presidents of the Society are Directors ex-officio.)
Librarian and Curator—Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, London.
Auditors—W. H. Hamilton and F. A. Stuart, L